Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-Lung

Izimpawu Zokuqala Zomdlavuza We-Lung

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu-izibonakaliso zokuqala ezizokutshela okuthile okungahambi kahle? Lo ngumbuzo obalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu, noma ngabe uke uphebe noma cha. Umdlavuza we-Lung yisifo esilingana nethuba. Kwenzeka kubantu abangabhemi, kwenzeka kubantu besifazane cishe njalo njengamadoda, futhi kwenzeka kubantu abadala. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukwanda kwabasha abasha, ababheki neze.

Okubalulekile Ukukwazi Izimpawu Zomdlavuza We-Lung

Ngisho noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame kakhulu-yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza womdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane e-United States-ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwathola ukuthi amaphesenti ambalwa kuphela wabantu ayejwayele izimpawu ezivame kakhulu.

Futhi njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu okutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu, ukuqonda izimpawu ngokuvamile kuyindlela kuphela yokuyithola ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphambi kokuthi isakazeke.

Siyazi ukuthi izinga lokusinda emdlashini wamaphaphu lungcono ngaphambili kokubanjwa. Inani leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda labantu abanesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu esisencane cishe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50, okuyinto ehla edijithali elilodwa ezigabeni eziphambili.

• Ziyini Izimpawu Zomdlavuza We-Lung Kwabesifazane?

• Izimpawu Nezifo Zomdlavuza Wegciwane Eliyingqayizivele Yamaselula

Ngeshwa, cishe isigamu sabantu sesivele sezinyathelo eziphambili zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Umdlavuza wegciwane ungabangela izimpawu ngezindlela eziningana. Kungabangela izimpawu ngokukhula nokucindezela ezindizeni zomoya kanye nezakhiwo ngaphakathi nasemaphepheni. Kungabangela izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezihlobene nomdlavuza, njengokukhathala nokunciphisa umzimba. Futhi ingabangela izimpawu uma isakazeka kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, njengamathambo noma ubuchopho.

Izimpawu Ezivamile Nezibonakaliso Ze-Cancer Lung

Abantu abangamaphesenti angama-90 banampawu ngaleso sikhathi lapho kutholakala khona umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Amanye amaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-10 angatholakala ukuthi ngemva kokuba umdlavuza utholakala ekuhlolweni noma kutholakala ngesigameko lapho kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa ukuhlola inkinga engahlobene.

Ngakho kungani ukuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuphuthelwa noma kubambezelekile?

Ngaphezu kokuntula ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngezibonakaliso ezivamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zingase zibe ezicashile noma ezingacacile. Esikhundleni sokuphawula ukukhubaza ukukhathazeka, umuntu angase aqaphele ukuthi uhlanza umphimbo wakhe kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Esikhundleni sokuthuthumela ngenxa yokuphefumula, omunye angase acabange ukuthi aphelelwe amandla noma azuze amakhilogremu ambalwa uma ehamba ngokuhamba ngezinyawo.

Njengoba ufunda lezi zibonakaliso nezimpawu, zibeke ememori yakho, kokubili wena nabathandekayo bakho. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu babone udokotela wabo kuphela ngemva kokuba othandekayo ekhuluma ngenye yalezi zimpawu. Izimpawu ezivamile zingabandakanya:

Isikhumba Esingahambi

Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo yilona uphawu oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kukhwehlela kungase kube komile noma kumanzi, njalo noma kungapheli, futhi kwenzeke kunoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Abantu abaningi baxosha ukukhwehlela okuphikisanayo, befakazela kwenye into.

Mhlawumbe kuyingozi, ukukhwehlela okusele ngemuva komkhuhlane, noma umoya omile phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Noma mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi ukukhwehlela kwakho ukukhwehlela okuvamile. Kodwa ukukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa kungaba uphawu lwezinto ezingathí sina.

Ukukhwehlela okungapheli njengesifo sokuqala somdlavuza wamaphaphu kungcono nakakhulu ukulahlekelwa uma unesimo esikubeka phambili ekukhwehleleni, njenge-asthma, i-COPD, i-allergies, noma i-reflux ye-gastroesophageal. Uma uhlangabezana nokukhwehlela okuphikisanayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Umdlavuza we-Lung yisinye sezimbangela zokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu utholakala ngamaphesenti amabili kuphela abantu abanekhwehlela elingapheli, amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banomkhuhlane ongapheli ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Ukuphuza Ukuphuza Ngomsebenzi

Esinye isibonakaliso sokuqala somdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuphefumula okukhona kuphela ngomsebenzi. Lokhu kunganakwa futhi kuhlawuliswe lapho usukhulile, ungaphandle kokuma, noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yalezi amakhilogremu ambalwa owatholile.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi unganqikazi ukuthatha leso sigodi, uhanjiswe ngemisebenzi yocansi, noma usole umswakama ukwenza kunzima ukuphefumula, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Izifo Eziphindaphindiwe ezifana neBronchitis ne-Pneumonia

Kuvamile ukuthi umuntu athole ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokuphathwa ngeziqephu eziphindaphindiwe ze-bronchitis noma i-pneumonia. Uma i-tumor itholakala eduze nomoya ohamba emoyeni, ingabangela ukuvimbela okukubeka phambili kulezi zifo. Uma unezifo zesifuba eziphindaphindiwe zikhuluma nodokotela wakho, ikakhulu uma ungenayo ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesifuba esifana nesifo somkhuhlane. Izifo zesifuba eziphindaphindiwe zingase zihlobene nokubhema, isimo esifana ne-COPD, kodwa futhi kungaba uphawu lokuqala lomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukushaya igazi

Ukwehla igazi elithi " hemoptysis " encwadini yezokwelapha-kuyisifo esivamile somdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi yilo kuphela uphawu olwenziwe ngamaphesenti angu-7 abantu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ngenkathi ukukhwehlela igazi kungase kuzwakale kunesidingo, abantu abaningi bangase babone kuphela inani elincane le-sputum elinegazi elithinta izicubu.

• Lapho Ubuhlungu Emuva Kuyisimpawu Se-Cancer Cancer

• Ngabe Ubunzima Bokuba Nesibonakaliso Sengculaza Yengculazi?

I-Hemoptysis nayo isifo esingasheshe siphumelele. Ukuphuza ngisho namathisipuni amabili e-sputum egazini kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Ukuhlunguphazwa Ngezinwele Nezikhali

Amathumba avela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamapayipi eyaziwa ngokuthi ama- Pancoast tumors ngokuvamile awanakho "izimpawu ezivamile" zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Esikhundleni salokho, lezi zicubu zingabangela ubuhlungu ehlombe (okuvame ukuqina), okuyinto ebeka phansi ingalo eya kumunwe we-pinky. Ezinye izibonakaliso ze-Pancoast syndrome zingase zihlanganise ubuthakathaka nokukhwehlela kwezandla, kanye ne-" Horner's syndrome" -inkanyezi yezimpawu ezingase zihlanganise ijwabu leso, futhi ukuthuthumela kwesinye icala sobuso. Ngaphezu kokuntula izimpawu zomdlavuza zamaphaphu ezivamile, lezi zicubu zingase kube nzima ukuthola izifundo ze-imaging kanye nokuxilongwa ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe.

Ubuhlungu besifuba

Ubuhlungu besifuba, abanye abantu abachaza ngokuthi " ubuhlungu be-lung ," bungaba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi kuvamile ngisho nasomdlavuza wamaphaphu emapulazini. Ngenkathi amaphaphu ngokwabo engenazo izintambo ezibuhlungu, ukuphazamisa amaphaphu (pleure), kanye nezakhiwo ezizungezile amaphaphu, ziphelile izinzwa, kanti lobu buhlungu bungase buzwakale sengathi buvela emaphashini. Ubuhlungu obuveziwe bungabuye buzwe kule ndawo. Abantu abangamaphesenti angu-50 abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banezinhlungu zesifuba noma zehlombe ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.

Ukuhlungu obusemhlane

Ngokuqinisekile, kunezimbangela zokubuyiselwa emuva okuvamile kakhulu kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ubuhlungu bokubuyela emuva buyisifo esivamile kakhulu somdlavuza wamaphaphu . Lokhu kungabangelwa ukucindezelwa okuvela emathunjini, ukucasuka kwezimpande zesisindo, ukusakazeka emathanjeni emgodleni, noma izidakamizwa ezinama-adrenal-izigulane ezincane ziyizitho ezincane ezibekwe phezulu kwezinso lapho umdlavuza wamaphaphu uvame khona. Ubuhlungu obusemuva obuhlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile kubonakala phakathi nendawo yangasemuva, bukhona ngokuphumula kanye nomsebenzi, futhi kubhebhetheka kakhulu ebusuku kanye nokuphefumula okujulile.

Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe

Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo okungenasisekelo kuchazwa njengokulahlekelwa kwamaphesenti angu-5 wesisindo somzimba, noma ngaphezulu kwamakhilogremu angu-10, phakathi nenyanga eyisithupha kuya kwengu-12. Kunezindlela eziningana lapho umdlavuza ungabangela ukulahleka kwesisindo, kusukela ekulahlekelweni kwesifiso kuya ekushintsheni kokumetabolism okuhlobene nesisu. Ukulahleka kwesisindo kubangelwa ngamaphesenti angu-20 kuya kumaphesenti angu-70 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphambi kokuthi baxilongwe.

Izimpawu Ezivamile Nezibonakaliso Zomdlavuza We-Lung

Ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla, kunezinye izimpawu eziningana ezingahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zingabandakanya:

Ukuthuthumela

Umdlavuza we-Lung ungabangela izwi elidumayo ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Amathumba esifubeni angabangela ukucindezeleka emigodini yamagama (i-larynx), kodwa ukukhathazeka kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuvame ukubangelwa ukucindezela emndenini oholela ebhokisini lezwi elibizwa ngokuthi i-laryngeal nererve. Isibonakaliso sokwesaba- ikakhulukazi uma siphikelela-sidinga ukuhlolisiswa kahle.

Ukuvuvukala kwe-Face and Neck

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu okuthiwa i-vena cava syndrome ephakeme (i- SVC syndrome ) ingabangela ukuvuvukala kobuso, intamo, nezingalo, kanye nemifudlana ehlanjululwe entanyeni nasesifuba. Lezi zimpawu zingenzeka uma izikhumba emaphashini zicindezela i-vena cava ephakeme, isitsha esikhulu segazi esibuyisela igazi enhliziyweni.

Ukukhathala

Kungase kubonakale sengathi wonke umuntu uthola ukukhathala, kodwa ukukhathala okuvame ukuhambisana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuhlukile. Abanye abantu bachaza lokhu ukukhathala ngokuthi "ukukhathala komzimba wonke" noma ngisho nokukhathala. Kuyinto uhlobo lokukhathala okungenakulungiswa kalula ngobusuku obuhle bokulala noma indebe enhle yekhofi.

Ukushisa

Kukhona izwi eliya, "konke okuhambayo akusiyo i-asthma" nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungenye yalezo zinto. Okuphawula ukuthi i- wheezing ehlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu akavumi ukuba yenziwe ngokujwayelekile njengoba kunesifo se-asthma. Eqinisweni, abantu bavame ukuchaza lapho amasondo avela emaphashini awo (amasondo asendaweni).

Izindwangu zegazi (Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism)

Amapulangwe egazi ngeshwa evamile kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu , ngisho nangesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Nakuba ukwelashwa komdlavuza njengokwelapha kanye ne-chemotherapy kuyaziwa ukwandisa ingozi, lezi zingxenyana zingenzeka ngisho nangaphambi kokuba umdlavuza wamaphaphu utholakale. Ukuhlunguphazwa komlenze kanye namathole kuyimpawu ezivamile zesifo sofuba esifubeni, esinamahlombe esifubeni (ngokuvamile esibukhali futhi esingazelelwe) kanye nokuphefumula okuphelela uma lezi zindwangu zilahla futhi zihambela emaphashini (i-pulmonary embolus).

Ama-Syndromes eParanoplastic

Amanye ama-cancer wamaphaphu akhipha izinto ezifana ne-hormone, ezingase zidale iqembu elihlukile lezimpawu. Lezi zimpawu, ezaziwa ngokuthi i- paraneoplastic syndromes zenzeka cishe ezingamaphesenti angu-10 kuya kumaphesenti angu-20 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu (ngokuvamile umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane) ngokuvamile futhi bavame ngaphambi kwezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokwawo.

Amaphilisi amabili ajwayelekile e-paraneoplastic syndromes afaka i-hypercalcemia, lapho izicubu (ikakhulukazi i-squamous cell carcinoma) zifaka khona izinto eziphakamisa amazinga e-calcium egazi okwenza ukoma, ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka nokudideka, nesifo se-ADH (SIADH) esingalungile lapho izidumbu ukhiphe into ehlisa igazi lezinga le-sodium elibangelwa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka, kanye nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo.

Izimpawu ze-Lung Cancer Metastases

Umdlavuza we-Lung uvame ukutholakala uma usuvele usakazekele kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. Izindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho umdlavuza wamaphaphu usakazeka khona kufaka phakathi ubuchopho, amathambo, isibindi, nezigulane ze-adrenal. Ezinye izimpawu ezikhona kungenzeka zihlanganisa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka, noma ukugubha (ngenxa ye- metastases yobuchopho ), ubuhlungu be-back (ngenxa yamathambo ayisisindo ), nobuhlungu obuphezulu besisu, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza (ngenxa ye- metastases yesibindi ).

Noma yiziphi Izimpawu ezingavamile noma Ukunciphisa Okujwayelekile Kwezempilo-Ukuzizwa Kwakho

Kusuka ebuhlungu begciwane kuya ekudleni kwegazi, lolu hlu luzoqhubeka nokuchaza izimpawu eziningi ezingasho umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa isibonakaliso esibalulekile esingakaze sinikezwe igama lezokwelapha ingumqondo wakho. "Ukuzwa kwakho kwamanzi." Yini umzimba wakho okutshela wona? Abantu abaningi bakusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba bahlolwe ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, babengazizwa kahle noma bebuza ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Yilalela leso sixwayiso uma umzimba wakho usho, bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Izimpawu Zengculaza Yamangqamuzana Abangewona Abokubhema nabesifazane

Eminyakeni yamuva siye sazwa okuningi ngokuthi izimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwabesifazane zihluke kanjani kulabo besilisa. Manje sifunda ukuthi izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabesifazane zivame ukuhluka kunezo zamasilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema zingahluka kulabo ababhema. Njengoba umdlavuza wamaphaphu awukweleki izikrini ze-radar zodokotela kwabesifazane, futhi ikakhulukazi abangewona abokubhema, kungase kungatholakali kuze kube sekugcineni kwesigaba sesifo. Futhi ukuxilongwa kamuva kusho ithuba eliphansi lokuthola ukwelashwa.

Esikhathini esidlule, amanqamu amaphaphu amaphaphu anjengomdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma ayevame kakhulu. Lezi zomshukela, ezixhunyaniswe kakhulu ekubhemeni, zivame ukuvela ezindaweni eziphakathi kwamaphaphu, eduze nemimoya yomoya. Ngenxa yale ndawo, zivame ukudala izimpawu ngokushesha; izifo ezithathelwanayo zamapayipi ngenxa yokuvimbela umoya, noma ukukhwehlela igazi njengoba zikhula zibe yizindiza.

Manje, i- lung adenocarcinoma iyimbangela evame kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luvame kakhulu kwabesifazane nabantu abangabhemi. Lezi zomshoshaphansi kunalokho ngokuvamile zivela ezindaweni zangaphandle (i-periphery) yamaphaphu, futhi zingakhula kakhulu ngaphambi kokubangela noma yiziphi izimpawu. Isibonakaliso sokuqala nge-adenocarcinoma singase sibe yinto engacacile yokuphefumula njengoba i-tumor ithatha izicubu zamaphaphu, nezinye izimpawu ezingezona ezithile ezifana nokukhathala nokulahlekelwa ukudla.

Izifo Nomzimba Okufana Nengculaza Yengculazi

Ekubukezeni izimpawu nempawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu uzobona ukuthi kunezinye izimo eziningi ezinempawu nezimpawu ezifanayo, Empeleni, inani elikhulu labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuqala ukungaqondakali kahle nalezi zimiso, ukubambezela ukwelashwa.

Ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungaba ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kepha kungase kuhlotshaniswe nemithi, ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, noma ezinye izimo eziningi. Kokubili umdlavuza we-COPD nomdlavuza ungase ube nezimpawu ezifanayo. Isifo sofuba asivuli nje ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa lezi zibili azijwayele ukungazi ukuthi zikhona yini. Njengoba kuningi kakhulu phakathi kokuxilongwa okuhlukile, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nazo zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho noma ezinye zalezi zimpawu zibonakala zilula. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ozibonayo kungabaluleke kakhulu kunezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye.

Nini Ukubona Udokotela Wakho

Uma unayo yalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ucwaningo lwase-UK lwathola ukuthi isikhathi sesikhathi esiphakathi phakathi kokuqala kwezimpawu kanye nesikhathi lapho abantu befuna ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwakuyizinyanga ezingu-12.

Uma ungalokothi uphuze nalezi zimpawu, ungachithi ithuba lokuthi kungaba umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi uthole umbono wesibili uma udokotela wakho ewuqeda. Umdlavuza we-Lung kwabangewokubhema kuyimbangela eyisithupha eyimbangela yokufa komdlavuza e-United States.

Uma uphethile ngalezi zimpawu, unganqikazi ukubiza udokotela wakho. Ucwaningo lwango-2016 lwathola ukuthi abantu ababhemayo bancane amathuba okuvakashela odokotela babo ngezimpawu zokuxwayisa zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabangabhemi. Uma uzizwa unecala ngokubhema, susa leso sinecala futhi wenze ukuqokwa. Wonke umuntu-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi awukaze upheme noma ube nochungechunge lokubhema kulo lonke impilo yakho-ufanelwe ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu nokwelashwa lapho ubhekene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Uma unomlando wokubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Ukucutshungulwa kunconywa kubantu aba:

• Kuphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80
• Suthu noma ukubhema iminyaka engu-30 yepakethe
• Qhubeka ukubhema noma ukuyeka ukubhema eminyakeni engu-15 edlule

Izwi elivela

Kubalulekile ukuphawula futhi ukuthi cishe noma yisiphi isibonakaliso singase sibe isibonakaliso sokuxwayisa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uma unesifo esingacacisiwe-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuluhlu noma cha-khuluma nodokotela wakho. Uhlala emzimbeni wakho futhi wazi kuphela uma into engalungile. Kukhona nezinye izimo ngaphezu komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Uma ungatholi izimpendulo, thola umbono wesibili.

Khumbula-bese ukhumbuza udokotela wakho uma kudingeka-ukuthi noma ubani onamaphaphu angathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuvame ukulibaziseka kubantu abangabhemi. Isigijimi esizizwa njalo kusukela ekusindisweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuthi udinga ukukhuluma. Ukuba ummeli wakho siqu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kungasindisa impilo yakho.

_Imithombo:

_{I-American Cancer Society. Amanani nezinombolo ze-Cancer 2016 . I-Atlanta: I-American Cancer Society; 2016. http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2016/}

_{UFriedemann Smith C, uW Whitaker K, uWinstanley K, kanye noWardle J. Smokers basencane kakhulu kunabangewona abokubhema ukufuna usizo lomzimba we-Cancer 'Alarm' Symptom. I-Thorax . Ishicilelwe ku-inthanethi ngo-21 Feb 2016.}

_{Dlula J, Carbone D, Johnson D, et al. Izimiso Nezenzo Ze-Cancer Lung . I-4th Edition. UWilliams noWilkins: ngo-2010.}

_{UThomas K. Ukwaziswa kwesineke: Izingozi zomdlavuza we-Lung, izimpawu, nokuxilongwa (Ngaphandle Kwezingqalasizinda). Kusesikhathini. 04/29/16. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-risks-symptoms-and-diagnosis-beyond-the-basics}