Kanjani futhi kungani i-Asbestos iyingozi?
Sivame ukuzwa ukuthi i-asbestos iyingozi, kodwa lokho kusho ukuthini? Iziphi izimo zempilo ezibangelwa ukuchayeka, futhi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-asbestos kube yingozi?
Kungani ama-Asbestos ayingozi?
Ukuvezwa ngothuli lwe-asbestos namafayili kungabangela umdlavuza, isifo se-lungs, kanye nezinye izimo. Ngeshwa, ayikho izinga eliyaziwayo lokuchayeka okubhekwa njengokuphephile.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwe-asbestos kuvinjelwe e-US, ukuvezwa kusekhona, njengoba kukhona okunye okuvinjelwe ekuvinjweni, futhi njengoba i-asbestos isekhona ezakhiweni eziningi nasemakhaya. Eqinisweni, izimo zezempilo ezihlobene ne-asbestos ziyaqhubeka zanda emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu abasengozini enkulu kubandakanya labo abavezwa emsebenzini, kodwa labo abathatha isinqumo sokuthatha amaphrojekthi okwenzayo emakhaya aqukethe ukukhishwa kwe-asbestos angase abe engozini.
Ngaphambi kokuchaza izimo zempilo ezihlobene ne-asbestos, ake sichaze imigomo embalwa. I- pleura yizinambuzane ezungeze futhi zivikele amaphaphu. Elinye igama elivame ukubhekwa ngalo liyi- mesothelium . I-mesothelium iyinsimbi yokuzivikela ejikeleza izitho esifubeni nesisu futhi ihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezintathu. I-pleura (ejikeleza amaphaphu njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla,) i-pericardium (ejikeleza inhliziyo,) ne-peritoneal mesothelium (izicubu ezivikelayo ezungeze izitho esiswini.)
I-Cancers Ebangelwa Ukuvezwa Kwe-Asbestos
Izenzo zezenzo zenze umsebenzi omuhle ekwenzeni umphakathi kanye nabenzi bemigomo bazi ukuthi ingozi yomhlobo owodwa womdlavuza wamaphaphu - i-mesothelioma - ebangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos. Kulabo ababuza ukuthi imizamo yabo yokuphakamisa izwi labo babuze ushintsho lapho impilo yabo isengozini, lokhu yisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthi abantu bangenza kanjani umehluko ngempela.
Kube nezingxoxo mayelana nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene befiber kanye namafomu anezingozi ezahlukene, kodwa ngenhloso yale ngxoxo sizobukeka esithombeni sonke. Amakhansela abangela noma ocatshangelwa ukuthi abangelwa i-asbestos afaka:
- I-mesothelioma enonya - I- Mesothelioma ingumdlavuza iqala kunoma yiziphi izindawo lapho i-mesothelium itholakale njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kodwa ngokuvamile iyenzeka endaweni ye-pleura (i-membrane ephazamise amaphaphu.) Umdlavuza onobudlova, onamaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 kuphela abantu esaphila eminyakeni emihlanu engaphezu kokuxilongwa kwabo.
- Umdlavuza we-Lung - Amangqamuzana angamaqanda ngaphandle kwe-mesothelioma nawo akhuliswa ngokuchayeka. Kokubili umdlavuza wamaphaphu omncane ongewona omncane nomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung .
- Umdlavuza we-Ovarian - Ingozi encane eyaziwa yingozi yengozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian . Ekuhlolisweni kwezifundo kuze kube yimanje, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukutholakala komsebenzi ku-asbestos kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza we-ovarian ngamaphesenti angaba ngu- 70 .
- Amanye amakhemikhali - Izifundo kuze kube manje ziye zaxutshwa, futhi akuqiniseki ukuthi ukushisa kwe-asbestos kungenwe yini noma kunomthelela omkhulu wokuba nomdlavuza womdlavuza (umdlavuza womphimbo,) noma umdlavuza wezinwele.
Izimo Zezokwelapha Ezibangelwa Ukuvezwa Kwama-Asbestos
Okungaziwa kahle, kodwa inkinga enkulu nakakhulu isifo se-lungs esihlobene nokuvezwa kwe-asbestos.
Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:
- I-Asbestosis - I-Asbestosis yisimo lapho i-fibrosis ye-pulmonary (scarring) eyenzeka khona ngenxa yokuchayeka kwe-asbestos. Lesi simo, ngaphezu kokubangela izimpawu zodwa, sandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuxoxwa ngezansi ngezansi ngaphansi kokuthi "yiliphi izinga lokuchayeka kuyingozi."
- Pleural plaques.
- Ukuqina kwe-Pleural.
- Ukusebenza kwamapulangwe - Abanye abantu abavezwe ku-asbestos bahlakulela ukwakhiwa kwamanzi phakathi kwezingqimba ezibeka emaphashini. Lokhu kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi ama-BAPEs ahlobene ne-asbestos ahlobene.
Ngabe yiliphi izinga lokubonisana eliyingozi?
Umbuzo ovamile wukuthi, "ngidinga i-asbestos engakanani ukuze ngivezwe engozini?" Impendulo yukuthi ayikho izinga lokuchayeka kwe-asbestos eliphephile.
Kodwa izifundo ezimbalwa zisize ukuphendula imininingwane yalo mbuzo.
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwenziwa ngokuyinhloko kubantu abano-asbestosis. Lokhu kwakuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu eyaqhathanisa cishe abavukuzi abangu-2400 abesilisa (ababekwe eceleni kwe-asbestos,) eqenjini labantu abangaphezu kuka-54,000 ababengakaze bavezwe kanjalo. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza wamaphaphu wawunesibopho sokufa kwamaphesenti angu-19 wabashukela (ngokuvamile, umuntu oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalolunye u-14 uzofa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu.) Ingozi yokufa yahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukuvezwa yedwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-asbestosis, kanye nobungozi isici sokubhema, futhi kusukela etafuleni kuwufanele amagama amakhulu, imiphumela yile ndlela elandelayo:
- Ukuvezwa kwe-asibestosi kubantu abangabhemi - Kwakukhona izikhathi ezingu-3.6 eziningi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- I-Asbestosis kwabangewona abokubhema - Ingozi yayiyizikhathi ezingu-7.4 zomphakathi jikelele.
- Ukubhema ngaphandle kokuvezwa kwe-asbestos - Le ngozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo ababhema yizikhathi ezingu- 103 zomphakathi jikelele kulolu cwaningo.
- Ukuchayeka kwe-asbestos kanye nokubhema - Ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos kuhlangene nokubhema kwenza kube nomdlavuza womaphaphu izikhathi ezingu-144 .
- Ukuchayeka kwe-asbestos, i-asbestosis, kanye nokubhema - Uma abantu behlushwa i-asbestos, i-asbestosis ithuthukile, kanye nokubhema, imiphumela yayinzima. Ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu yayiyizikhathi ezingu- 36.8 eziphakeme kunabantu abaningi.
Singabheka ukuchayeka kwe-asbestos ngenye indlela ukuze uthole isithombe esikhulu futhi siqhubeke sichaze inkinga kulabo abasembonini. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amathani ayi-170 akhiqizwa futhi aphethwe i-asbestos ngokubambisana nokufa okulodwa kusuka ku-mesothelioma.
Umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ubude bokuvezwa-ngamanye amazwi, yibo abavezwa iminyaka engama-30 ngaphezulu ukuthi bangathinteka kunelabo abavezwe iminyaka emihlanu? Asinayo izifundo ezichaza ukuthi ubungozi obuseduze buhamba isikhathi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uma umuntu evelele isikhathi esiningi, ingozi enkulu yezifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunabantu abathile abaye bahlakulela i-mesothelioma ngesikhatsi sokuchayeka kwezinsuku ezimbalwa nje.
I-Asbestos iyingozi kanjani?
Indlela i-asbestos eyonakalisa ngayo umzimba cishe inhlanganisela yehlobo lwe-fiber nobukhulu, imvume yokuphumula, kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Kunemibono embalwa evele. Ngesinye, kucatshangwa ukuthi izinsimbi ze-asbestos zingase zibe nomthelela oqondile emangqamuzaneni afaka amaphaphu, okwenza ukuvuvukala okuholela ekunqandeni. Ingxenye yomonakalo ingase ihlobanise nokusabela komzimba ekufikeni kwama fibres ase-asbestos, njengoba umzimba ubeka izinto ezivuthayo njengezinto ze-cytokines nezimo zokukhula ekuphenduleni into yangaphandle. Ubufakazi obusha bubonisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-asbestos kubangela ukulimala okuqondile kwe-DNA kumaseli, okungaholela ekungalinganisweni kweseli nomdlavuza.
Ukuphepha kwe-Asbestos nokuvikelwa
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema izinkinga zempilo ehlobene ne-asbestos ukuqhuba ukuphepha kuqala. Kusho ukuthini lokhu?
Kulabo abasebenzela i- asbestos, kunezimiso ezikhona ukuze uzivikele. Zazi ngokwakho ngokuphepha kokuphepha, kanye namalungelo akho njengesisebenzi. Nazi imithombo embalwa ukuze uqalise:
- Kusukela ku-Agency Protection Protection: Ukuvikela Ama-Word kusuka ku-Asbestos
- Kusukela ku-Occupational Safety and Health Administration: I- OSHA Fact Sheet Sheet
Kulabo abathintekayo nge-asbestos emakhaya abo , noma abacubungula iphrojekthi yokulungiswa ekhaya, iKhomishini Yokuphepha yabathengi inikeza ulwazi lapho itholakala khona, yini okufanele yenziwe mayelana ne-asbestos ekhaya lakho nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani izinkinga ze-asbestos kulesi sihloko:
- I-Asbestos Ekhaya
Yini Ongayenza Uma Ukhonjisiwe?
Akukona okwamanje ukuhlola ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunconywa abantu abaye bavezwa ku-asbestos, njengoba kunabathengi, kodwa kungase kudingeke ukhulume nodokotela wakho. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2007 lwaphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-CT low-dose abasebenzi base-asbestos kungase kube okungenani kuyasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo njengoba kubhedi ababhemayo . Lokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi iziqondiso zakamuva ngo-2013 zitholwe ukuthi ukuhlola abantu abanomlando we -pack of 30 wokupaka ophakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-74 banganciphisa ukubulawa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-20 . Ngokuqinisekile, uma usumuntu obhemayo ngaphezu kokuthola i-asbestos, ingxoxo nodokotela wakho ingumqondo omuhle.
Ucwaningo lwango-2017 lwathola ukuthi i-spirometry ingaba ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuhlola umdlavuza wamaphaphu kulabo abaye bahlushwa i-asbestos. Eqinisweni, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, abacwaningi batusa ukuthi noma ubani oye wabhekwa ne-asbestos kufanele abe ne-spirometry eyenziwe futhi aphindaphindiwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
I-Agency ye-Toxic Substances and Registry Registry (ATSDR) iye yasungula imihlahlandlela yokuhlola izifo ezihlobene ne-asbestos kufaka phakathi umdlavuza kanye nemimoya yamaphaphu. Lezi ziqondiso zincoma ukuthi ubone udokotela owaziyo ngesifo esithinta i-asbestos . (Angikwazi ukugcizelela ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lokhu njengoba odokotela abathile bevame ukusebenzisana nabantu abavezwe i-asbestos.) Enye inkinga nalabo abaye bahlushwa i-asbestos ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kubonisa ukuthi "ukuhlola okungamanga" -kusho ukuthi into ethile ingavela engavamile uma kulungile ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, ocwaningweni olulodwa, abangaphezu kwesigamu sabasebenzi be-asbestos babenokungenani okungavamile okushiwo kwi-CT scan.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa, i-spirometry, nokuvikelwa kwe-asbestos, mhlawumbe into ebaluleke kakhulu umuntu angayenza ukugwema ukubhema. Kukhona nezinye izinto ongayenza ezinganciphisa ingozi yakho. Uma unenkinga ethile, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola lokhu.
> Imithombo
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