Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingenzeka futhi ezinokwenzeka zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kepha ukunciphisa lezi eziphezulu kuya ku-5 noma ku-10 ngezinye izikhathi kuyasiza. Yiziphi izimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu?
Izimbangela Ziya Ngaphandle Kokubhema
Uma sikhuluma ngezimbangela eziphambili zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, imicabango yethu igxuma ekubhemeni. Kodwa ngenkathi ezinye zezimbangela ezibonakalayo zicacile, ezinye izimbangela ezibalulekile zingakumangaza.
Uma sikhuluma ngezimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngokuyinhloko sibhekisela ezigabeni eziyingozi zaleso sifo.
Kunezici eziningi ezingenzeka futhi zengozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukunciphisa lezi ezinhlanu kuya phezulu noma 10 kungasiza kakhulu. Kungani? Ekukhulumeni ngezimo eziyingozi esixoxa ngazo ngezindlela ongakwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yakho. Ngezinye zezici eziyingozi, ezifana nokubhema noma ukuhlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon, ungalindela ukubuya okukhulu (ngokuqondene nokunciphisa ingozi) kusuka emizamweni yakho. Ngezinye zezimbangela ezinokwenzeka noma ezincane, noma kunjalo, ukutshala imali kwesikhathi sakho kungase kube nokubuya okuphansi. Okungcono, sonke sizokwazi zonke izinto ezingabangela ingozi futhi sishintshe indlela yethu yokuphila ukuze sigweme lezi zimbangela. Kodwa emphakathini wethu ohamba ngokushesha, lokho akuyona into engokoqobo.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamaphaphu okufanele wonke umuntu azi?
Ukubhema
Ukubhema kubangela amaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwamaphesenti angama-90 emdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi kubangele ukufa kwabantu abanomdlavuza wesi-160 000 minyaka yonke e-United States.
Lokho kusho ukuthi amaphesenti ayishumi emadodeni nabesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-20 abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu abakaze bapheme, futhi ngaphezu kwengxenye yamaphaza emaphaphu ahlobene nokubhema okwenzeka ngaphambili, hhayi okwamanje, ababhemayo.
I-Radon
Ukuvezwa kwegesi lika- radon emakhaya ethu kuyimbangela yesibili yomdlavuza wemaphaphu jikelele, obhekene nokufa kwabantu abangama-27,000 emdlavuza wamaphaphu unyaka ngamunye.
Ukuvezwa kwe-Radon yimbangela eyodwa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema .
I-Radon igesi ibangelwa ukubola kwemvelo kwe-uranium ngaphansi kwamakhaya ethu futhi ingangena emakhaya ethu ngokusebenzisa ukuqhuma kwesisekelo, izivulo ezungeze amanzi, kanye nezikhala ezungeze amapayipi. Amazinga aphakeme we-radon atholakale emakhaya kuwo wonke amazwe angu-50 nasezweni lonke. Njengoba i-radon iyi-gesi engabonakali, engenamakha, indlela kuphela yokukwazi ukuthi usengozini ukuhlola ikhaya lakho nge-radon . Bese ufunda ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukwehlisa amazinga ekhaya lakho.
Umsizi wesibili
Isizathu sesithathu esibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, okubhekene nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-3 000 ngonyaka ngonyaka kubantu abangakaze babheme, yi- smokehand yesibili . Ukuhlala nomuntu obhemayo kuphakamisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu Amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-30, kanti ukufinyelelwa okufutshane kungabangela umonakalo ongabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukuzivocavoca emsebenzini
Ukuvezwa komsebenzi emisebenzini edala umdlavuza kubhekene namaphesenti angu-6 kuya kuma-17 amaphesenti e-lungula emaphashini amadoda ase-United States. Amanye amacala afaka imfucumfucu ye-diesel, izixazululo eziphilayo ezifana ne-benzene, amakhemikhali afana ne-vinyl chloride, nezinsimbi ezifana ne-chromium ne-arsenic. Abaqashi kuyadingeka ukuthi banikeze amashidi ngolwazi mayelana nezinto ezinobungozi ongase ubonakale kuzo, futhi kubalulekile ukuhlola lokhu futhi uthathe noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokunconywa ezinconywayo.
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela emotweni, ukushisa kwamafutha ka-diesel, amalahle, kanye nezinkuni kubangela amaphesenti angama-5 emdlavuza wamaphaphu emadodeni, kanti amaphesenti amathathu kwabesifazane base-United States. Kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba, lezi zinombolo ziphakeme kakhulu.
Ezinye Izimbangela Nezizathu Ezingenzeka
Kunezinye izimbangela eziningi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu eziye zahlolwa. Uma unesithakazelo ungase ufise ukuhlola uhlu olunzulu lwezinto ezibeka ingozi emdlalweni wamaphaphu. Siyazi ukuthi kunezakhi zofuzo, ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu utholakala kubantu abasha, abesifazane, futhi ababhemayo.
Ngaphansi
Umdlavuza we-Lung yisifo esesabekayo. Okwamanje kuyimbangela eholela ekufeni okuhlobene nomdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane e-United States nasemhlabeni wonke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amacala amaningi emdlavuza wamaphaphu, angawavimbela. Asazi ukuthi singakuvikela kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa siyazi ngezindlela eziningi onganciphisa ingozi yakho. Cishe uzwe ukuthi ukubhema akuyona into emnandi, kodwa abantu abambalwa bayazi ukuthi ukwenza i-radon test elula (enekithi esitolo esitolo se-hardware) futhi befuna ukulungiswa kwe-radon uma kungavamile, kungashintsha ingozi yakho okwesibili okuholela imbangela jikelele futhi imbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Cancer Lung. Izingozi Zezingozi. Kubuyekezwe 05/31/17. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/risk_factors.htm
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Cancer Occupational. Kubuyekezwe 11/03/15. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/
> I-Environmental Protection Agency. I-Radon. https://www.epa.gov/radon
> Robinson, C. et al. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu osebenza emsebenzini e-US abesifazane. 1984-1998. I-American Journal Yezokwelapha Zezohwebo . 2011. 54 (2): 102-17.