I-COPD kanye noHlelo, Izimpawu, kanye Nokuphathwa Kwe-Cancer Cancer
Uma une-COPD, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi i-COPD "iyingozi yokuzimela" yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Uhlobene kanjani nomdlavuza weCOPD nomdlavuza?
Sibutsetelo
Siyazi ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kweCOPD nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Phela, imbangela ehamba phambili yezifo zombili ukubhema. Kodwa-ke, yiziphi abantu abaningi abangaqapheli ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kweCOPD nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungaphezu kwezinto ezivamile ezifana nokubhema .
Ababhemayo abano-COPD banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunanoma ubani ongabhemi ngaphandle kwe-COPD. Abantu abane-COPD nabomusi banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunabantu ababhema inani elifanayo kodwa abanalo i-COPD. Eqinisweni, phakathi kwabantu ababhema, i-COPD yingozi enkulu ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukwengeza ku-COPD njengengozi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kunezinye izinkinga eziningana ezibalulekile (kokubili kulabo abaneCOPD nalabo abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu.) Njengoba i-COPD ingenza kube nzima ukubona izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngakho-ke, ukubambezela ukuxilongwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, siyazi ukuthi ukuchazwa kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu kungcono ngaphambili ukuthi kutholakala. Uma sekutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-COPD ingaphazamisa nezindlela zokwelashwa ezingase zenzeke ngomdlavuza. Yini okudingeka ukwazi uma une-COPD, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, noma kokubili?
Yini i-COPD?
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka phambili, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngesifo esingenasifo se-pulmonary chronic obstructive noma i-COPD.
I-COPD yiqembu lezifo ezibhekene nokuvinjelwa kwemimoya emaphashini. Ngokuphambene nokuvinjelwa kwemimoya yomoya eguquguqukayo (njengalapho isifo se-asthma) ukuvinjelwa ku-COPD akuphenduli ngokuphelele ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo sivame ukuqhubeka (sibi kakhulu) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngesikhathi igama elithi COPD lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza inhlanganisela ye-emphysema ne-bronchitis engapheli, izifo ezihlukaniswe njenge-COPD zihlanganisa:
- I-Emphysema -Emphysema iyisifo esingapheli samapayipi esibonakala umonakalo ku- alveoli , ama-sac amancane emoyeni ekupheleni kwemimoya yomoya lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide. Ukulahlekelwa ukuqina kwe-alveoli kubangela ukuthi umoya uboshwe e-alveoli. Lokhu, kubangela ukuthi i-alveoli ikhule futhi ihlukane, okwenza kube khona umonakalo nokukhwabanisa.
- I-bronchitis engapheli-I-bronchitis engavamile yinkinga ekhonjiswe ukuvuvukala nokuqothula kwe-airways. Lokhu ukuvuvukala kuholela emascus eqoqa ezindizeni zomoya, ukuvula imimoya yomoya futhi ngokuvamile kubangele ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe.
- I-Bronchiectasis-Isimo esivame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwamapayipi okuphindaphindiwe ebuntwaneni, i-bronchiectasis ibangela ukukhulisa nokukhwabanisa kwe-airways.
I-COPD-Ingozi Ezimele Yomdlavuza We-Lung Cancer
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, i-COPD ayiyona nje into engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi iyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke. Ukuba yingozi "ozimele" kusho ukuthi into engakwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu yedwa-konke ngokwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma abantu ababili bengakaze babheme futhi omunye une-COPD, lowo ophethe i-COPD cishe uyoba nomthelela omkhulu wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalowo ongenayo i-COPD.
Kusho ukuthi uma abantu ababili bebhema ncamashi inani elifanayo legwayi ngenani elifanayo leminyaka, lowo ophethe i-COPD cishe kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalena ngaphandle kwe-COPD.
Kunezifundo ezingaphezu kwezingu-12 ezitholile i-COPD ukuthi ibe yingozi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, nakuba izinga lobuncipheko lihluka kancane kancane futhi ububanzi buvela engozini ephindwe kabili kwengozi ephindwe kabili, Konke, kubonakala sengathi i-COPD iphakamisa ingozi ye-COPD 2-amafolda angama-4-amahlombe ekukhanyeni ukuze ababhemayo abalinganiselwe futhi bangabhemi, ngisho nangaphezulu kwabokubhema abanzi.
Izibalo kanye nezikhathi
Uma ubheka izibalo mayelana neCOPD nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubalulekile ekutholeni inothi ukuthi lezi zifo zivamile kangakanani e-United States.
I-Cancer yiyona eyesibili imbangela ebulalayo yokufa e-US (emva kwesifo senhliziyo) nomdlavuza wamaphaphu yimbangela eyodwa yokufa kokuhlobene nomdlavuza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. I-COPD manje ibhekwa njengesi-3 noma 4 ebangela imbangela yokufa e-US Abangu-11 million baseMelika bathola ukuthi baneCOPD futhi bacatshangwa ukuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaMelika lihlala neCOPD elingakaze litholakale. Lokhu kuhumusha kumaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi ebantwini abanezinga elithile le-COPD enombalwa okhuphukela ezingamaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwazingamashumi amabili kwabokubhema.
Izifundo ziyahlukahluka ngenombolo eqondile, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwangu-70 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu baneCOPD. Akubona bonke laba bantu abaye bathola ukuxilongwa kwe-COPD, kodwa ukuhlolwa komsebenzi we-pulmonary kubonisa ubufakazi obuningi beCOPD kuningi labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Phakathi kwalabo abane-COPD, cishe amaphesenti ayisithupha azokwakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu unyaka ngamunye.
Ukunyuka kwezifo
Siyazi ukuthi i-COPD yandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungakhathaliseki ukubhema, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Kunemibono eminingi.
Enye inkolelo yokuthi kukhona izici zofuzo ezivame ukubili komdlavuza we-COPD nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona ukutholakala kwe-genetic okuxubile eyenza abanye abantu bakwazi ukuthuthukisa lezi zifo zombili. Esinye isibonelo, isimo sokufa kwe-alpha-1-antitrypsin sinciphisa kokubili ingozi yeCOPD nelomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezofuzo ezizocaciswa.
Enye inkolelo ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwe-cilia emoyeni obangelwa yi-COPD imiphumela yokwehliswa kwemikhumbi ye-air kuya ezikhangela umdlavuza (i- carcinogens .) I-cilia yizinhlaka ezincane ezinjengezinwele ezindizeni zomoya ezikhonza ukukhipha ubuthi indlela eya emoyeni. Lezi cilia zisebenzisa ukunyakaza okunjenge-wave ukuqhubela izinhlayiya ezincane phezulu nasemoyeni lapho zingagonywa khona. Amakhemikhali amaningana emonakalweni yomusi kagwayi futhi aphulukise i-cilia. Ngokuphikelela emoyeni, lezi zinhlayiya zingakwazi ukudala izinguquko eziholela ekugcineni emaphashini enomsoco onomdlavuza (isibonelo, ngokuvuselela ama-oncogenes noma ukucindezela izifo zofuzo ezicindezelayo .)
Kodwa enye inkolelo ukuthi ukuvuvukala okungapheli emoyeni ohlobene neCOPD kungaholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu. Siyazi ukuthi ukuvuvukala okungapheli ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela umdlavuza, isibonelo ngomdlavuza wokuqeda umdlavuza nomdlavuza wesibeletho.
Izimpawu
Ukuthola umdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo kungakhuphula kakhulu ukusinda, kepha kuze kube yilapho sesifinyelele ukuvivinya ukuhlolwa komuntu wonke, kuvame ukuthembela ekuboneni izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Inkinga ukuthi eziningi zezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ziyizimpawu "ezivamile" kulabo abahlala neCOPD. Isibonelo, zobabili izifo zivame ukudala ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo , ukuphefumula , ukuphindwa kwezifo zamaphaphu, ngisho nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu namuhla lungenza lokhu kubehluko nakakhulu nakakhulu. Esikhathini esedlule, i- squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu nomdlavuza omncane we-cell lung kunejwayelekile . Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula eduze kwemikhawulo emikhulu yamaphaphu futhi kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela igazi (okungafani neCOPD.)
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamaphaphu olutholakala namuhla lungumaphaphu adenocarcinoma . Lezi zomshukela zivame ukukhula emaphethelweni emaphaphu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, ukunciphisa ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo, okuvame kuphela ngomsebenzi ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala. Le dyspnea (ukuzwa kokuphefumula) okutholakala ne-COPD ingavela kakhulu kufana nokuphefumula okungahle kumemezele umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukwelapha
Akukhona nje ukuthi i-COPD ibonakala iyingozi engozini ye-COPD (futhi ihlolwe kunzima kakhulu) kepha ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu kungaba nzima nakakhulu. Abantu abane-COPD bangase bangakwazi ukubekezelela ukwelashwa okufana nokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe okungase kuphume ivolumu.
Khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa, futhi ngisho nokuhlinzwa, kungenzeka, kubantu abane-COPD emnene noma elinganisiwe. Uma une-COPD futhi uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, qiniseka ukuthola udokotela ozosebenza ne-COPD yakho ukuphatha umdlavuza wakho wamaphaphu. Ungacabanga ngalokhu njengokufana nabantu asebekhulile abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi abantu asebekhulile abakwazi ukubekezelela ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Kodwa-ke izifundo zithola ukuthi abantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abanesimo esihle sokusebenza , okusho ukuthi bangaphila ngokuzimela, hhayi nje kuphela ukuba nesilinganiso esingcono sokusinda kodwa izinga eliphakeme lokuphila lapho belashwa ngomdlavuza wabo.
Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Unayo COPD
Uma une-COPD, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngengozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Thola ukuthi uma kufanele uhlolwe nini futhi nini, futhi ujwayelane nezibonakaliso nezifo zesifo. Unakekele impilo yakho, hhayi nje ukwehlisa noma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ongase ube nazo ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphilile ngangokunokwenzeka uma kufanele uthuthukise lesi sifo.
Ucwaningo lukaJanuwari wezi-2017 lwathola ukuthi i- corticosteroids ephakeme kakhulu ekhishwayo ingase ibe nomthelela wokuvikela ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubantu abane COPD. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nalokhu kutholakala kanye nanoma yikuphi ukucwaninga okusha ngale ndaba.
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza
Kucatshangwa ukuthi uma wonke umuntu ohlangabezana nemigomo yokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu, izinga lokufa (izinga lokufa) kusuka kumdlavuza wamaphaphu linganqunywa ngamaphesenti angu-20 e-United States. Okwamanje, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunconywa ukuthi:
- Abantu abaneminyaka engama-55 no-80 ubudala
- Abantu abanomlando waminyaka emithathu wepakethe yokubhema
- Abantu abaqhubeka bebhema noma beyeka eminyakeni engu-15 edlule
Ngisho noma i-COPD iyinhloko engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , azikho imikhombandlela echaza lapho umuntu kufanele ahlole khona. Khuluma nodokotela wakho njengoba lokhu kuzoshintsha esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Okubalulekile Kwalabo Abanomdlavuza we-COPD noma i-Lung Cancer
Uma wena noma othandekayo une COPD, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, zombili izimo, noma akukho isimo-ngamanye amagama, wonke umuntu- okunye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele agcine engqondweni:
Uma unomdlavuza we-COPD (kodwa awukona umdlavuza) -Umgomo ophansi wabantu abane-COPD kufanele uqaphele ingozi ekhulayo yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ukukhumbula ukuthi asinayo iziqondiso zendlela yokukhipha abantu abane-COPD ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukubukeza ngokucophelela izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu bese ubona udokotela wakho uma uhlakulela noma yikuphi kwalokhu (ungaxoshi izimpawu zakho ucabange ukuthi zibangelwa i-COPD yakho.) Zizinakekele, ubone ukuthi zikhona yini izinto eziyingozi umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongashintsha. Isibonelo, uma ungahlolisanga ikhaya lakho i-radon, yenza kanjalo ngaso leso sikhathi. Ukunakekela umzimba wakho kunganciphisa ingozi yakho kodwa kuzokubeka esimweni esihle uma uthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuphathwa kwe-COPD yakho, bese ubuza ukuthi ucabangani ngezifundo ezikhomba ukuthi i-corticosteroids engatholakali inganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu (kodwa hhayi i-COPD) - Uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu (kodwa ungakaze utholakale ukuthi une-COPD) kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iningi labantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banezinga elithile le-COPD (kodwa kungenzeka ihlolwe.) Lokhu kuyiqiniso noma ngabe usuke uphuze noma cha. Uma sibheka ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kuvamile ukuba konke okunye okumele kwenziwe kwi-burner yangemuva, kepha ukuze ube nempilo enhle uma ubhekene nemithi yokwelashwa kwakho, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-COPD yakho uma unayo.
Uma unomdlavuza we-COPD nomdlavuza - Uma unomdlavuza we- COPD nomdlavuza, kubalulekile ukuba ube ngummeli wakho. Ngokuvamile uma umuntu enemibandela emibili ehlukene, omunye ubeka phezu kwesibhakabhaka sangemuva. Kodwa zombili lezi zimo kudingeka zibhekiswe ngokulinganayo ukuze zikunikeze izinga eliphezulu lokuphila okunokwenzeka.
Uma ungenayo i-COPD noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu - Ngisho noma ungenayo i-COPD noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ulwazi olukulesi sihloko lubalulekile. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukutholakala kokuqala kwe-COPD kubalulekile ekubhekeni komdlavuza wamaphaphu-ukuqaphela izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-CT uma kufanelekile. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi ngabe usumile yini noma cha. Umdlavuza we-Lung ku-never smokers manje uyisithupha esiholela ekufeni kwabantu abahlobene nomdlavuza e-United States ne-COPD.
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