I-protozoa iyisimo esisodwa esisodwa esisodwa se-eukaryote (okuyizinto eziphilayo ezinama-cell ezinama-organelles nuclei eziboshwe nge-membrane). Ezinye i-eukaryotes zihlanganisa nathi, ezinye izilwane, nezitshalo. I-Eukaryotes iphinde ihlanganise nezinye izinambuzane: i-algae, i-helminths, ne-fungi.
I-protozoa itholakala yonke indawo. Bangahlala bodwa njengezinto eziphilayo mahhala emvelweni, ngokuvamile emhlabathini, amanzi, noma emanzini.
Bangabuye baphumule ama-cysts, okuvumela ukuba basinde ngezikhathi ezinomile. Amanye ama-parasites. Abanye baphila ngokubambisana nezinye izinto eziphilayo; ngasinye sincike kwesinye ukuze sisinde.
Ziye zahlukana zibe yizigaba ezahlukene: i-sporozoa (ama-parasites e-intracellular), i-flagellates (enezinhlaka ezinjengezinsila ezizungeze ukunyakaza), i-amoeba (okuhamba ngokusebenzisa ukubonakala komzimba kwamaselula okwesikhashana okuthiwa ama-pseudopods), namakholi (okuhamba ngokushaya okuningi izinhlaka ezinjengezinwele ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cilia).
Izifo ezibangelwa i-protozoa zingasakazeka ngokufaka ama-cysts (ukuhlala isikhathi eside), ukudluliselwa ngokocansi, noma ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zezinambuzane. Kunezinto eziningi ezivamile - futhi ezingavamile kakhulu - izifo ezibangelwa yi-protozoa. Ezinye zalezi zifo zibangelwa ukugula kwezigidi zabantu ngonyaka ngamunye; ezinye izifo zingavamile futhi ngethemba lokuthi ziyophela.
Iyini imbangela?
Izifo ezivamile ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ama-protozoans zihlanganisa i- malaria , i- giardia , ne- toxoplasmosis .
Lezi zifo zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene kakhulu zomzimba - ukutheleleka kwe-malaria kuqala egazini, i-giardia iqala emathunjini, futhi i-toxoplasmosis ingatholakala kuma-lymph nodes, iso, kanye nobuhlungu ebuchosheni.
Ngokufanayo, ukugula okubangelwa ukugula kubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-protozoan, njengo-Entamoeba histolytica.
I-trypanosomiasis yabantu base-Afrika Trypanosoma brucei gambiense no-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Izinto zangaphambili zibangelwa amacala amaningi (cishe ngo-98%) kodwa zombili zisakazwa yi-tsetse fly bite.
I-Entamoeba histolytica ingabangela ukuhuda nesisu se-GI. Kungenzeka, empeleni, kubangele amathumba e-amoebic ezimweni ezimbi, kanye namacala angabonakali kwabanye. Kungase futhi ibheke ngaphakathi kwezindonga zamathumbu bese iya egazini kanye nakwezinye izitho, njengebindi, lapho kungadala khona ama-abscesses ebindi.
Ingabe Izifo Zase-Protozoa Zingenziwa?
Yebo, nakanjani. Izinketho zokwelashwa zixhomeke kulokho okushiwo yi-protozoa. Ezinye ziphumelela kakhulu kunabanye. I-Malaria yisifo esivamile emhlabeni wonke esinokuphathwa ngokuqondile, nakuba ukwelashwa kuxhomeke kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-malaria (i-Plasmodium falciparum, i-Plasmodium knowlesi, i-Plasmodium malariae, i-Plasmodium ovale, ne- Plasmodium vivax .) Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni kukhona ukumelana (P falciparum ikakhulukazi uye waba namandla ukumelana neminyaka embalwa edlule eminye imithi ebalulekile).
Ukuthola Izifo
Ngokungafani nezinye izifo, ama-sampuli ane-protozoa awakwazi ukutholakala nje ngokweziko. Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyikhula, ngokuvamile.
Ngezinye izikhathi ngaphansi kwe-microscope, zingabonakala.
I-Malaria ingabonakala ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu. Kukhona nokuhlolwa kwegazi okusheshayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-PCR.
I-Toxoplasmosis ingabonakala ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi kuphi okubangelwa ukutheleleka. Kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lomuntu. Kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR. Ingatholakala futhi ngamathambo akhethekile wezicubu futhi ngokuhlukaniswa ngokuqondile kwe-pathogen.
I-Giardia ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa uhlolo lwe-antigen lwesitokisi futhi ngokubheke esitokisini ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Kungathatha amasampuli amaningi we-stool (mhlawumbe 3) ukuxilonga lokhu.
I-Entamoeba histolytica ingabuye ibonakale kusuka kuma-sampuli esitokisini njengoGiardia.
Kungabonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR, ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen, noma ngokuhlolwa kwe-antibody kwegazi.
I-trypanosomiasis yabantu base-Afrika ingatholakala ngesifo sokuhlolwa kwegazi noma kusuka ehlathini noma e-biopsy evela ku-lymph node (noma isilonda se-chancre). T. b. ama-rhodesiense ama-parasites angatholakala egazini labantu abanegciwane. T. b. i-gambiense inomthwalo ophansi we-protozoa egazini ukuze i-micorscopy yegazi ngokuvamile ingakwazi ukuyibona, kepha ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-lymph node biopsy (i-posterior lymph node) ikwazi ukuthola ukutheleleka.
Iphi I-Protozoa Yezwi Evela Kuyo?
Leli gama livela egameni elithi protos eliyiGreki elithi "kuqala" ne-zoia elisho "isilwane". Iqale iqalwe ngama-1800. Ngaphambi kwalokho, i-protozoa encane, echazwe yi-organelles yayo, ayikwazanga ukuqonda ngokugcwele.
Ingabe Ukugula Kwangempela Kungalahlekelwa?
Yebo, uhlela ukwenza lesi sifo kanye nomlando we-protozoa. Amacala amaningi atholakala eDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Kunezinhlelo zokunciphisa kakhulu ukusabalalisa kwesifo (njengamanje izimpukane ezisakaze lesi sifo ziyatholakala emazweni angama-36) futhi zinciphise kakhulu umthwalo wokugula. Lesi sifo singabangela imiphumela ejulile ye-neurologic futhi ukwelashwa kunzima. Njengoba ihlaselwa ezindaweni ezilinganiselwe nezinsiza, kungaba nzima ukubona nokuphatha. Kungaba kuhle ngempela ukuba le protozoa iphele.
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