I-osteopenia ichazwa ngokuthi ithambo elincane le-bone elibangelwa ukulahlekelwa amathambo. I-osteopenia ivame ukuhamba phambili ekuguleni kwe- osteoporosis , isimo esivamile samathambo angamahloni angabangela ukuphuka. Amagama amabili wezokwelapha ngezinye izikhathi adidekile futhi kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko nokuthi ngamunye uhlobene kanjani ne-arthritis.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-osteopenia ne-osteoporosis wukuthi i-osteopenia ayibhekwa njengesifo ngenkathi i-osteoporosis ikhona.
Esikhundleni salokho, i-osteopenia ibhekwa njengomaka weengozi yezinsalela.
I-Osteopenia ichazwe
I-Osteopenia imiphumela uma ukwenziwa kwamathambo amasha kungenzeki ngesilinganiso esingaqeda ukulahlekelwa kwethambo elivamile. I-Bone mass scans yenza lokhu kube lula ukukala. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwesisindo somzimba , ama-radiologists asebenzisa igama elithi osteopenia ukuchaza amathambo ayebonakala engaphezu kokuvamile kune-x-ray, futhi igama elithi i-osteoporosis lichaza ukuthi kwenzeke yini ukuphuka kwama-vertebral.
I-bone mineral densitometry, noma isisindo samathambo sihlola, sashintsha lezo zincazelo. Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, i-osteoporosis ichazwa ngokuthi i-T score ye--2.5 noma ephansi ne-osteopenia ichazwa njenge-T score ephakeme kune--2.5 kepha ngaphansi kwe--1.0. I-score engaphezulu -1 ivamile. I-T isisindo sakho samathambo uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okujwayelekile kulindeleke kumuntu omdala osemusha wobulili bakho. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, izigidi ezingama-33.6 zaseMelika zine-osteopenia.
Ukubaluleka kwalesi sibalo kufana nokukhomba ukuthi ubani osukhuni ngokweqile noma labo abane-cholesterol emngceleni. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhomba iqembu elisengozini yokuthuthukisa isifo.
Ezinye izimbangela zeengozi ze-Fracture
I-Osteopenia yinkinga eyodwa kuphela engozini yokuphuka. Ezinye izici ezingozini zihlanganisa:
- ukuphulwa kwangaphambilini
- ubudala (ingozi yokuphuka iyakhula ngokukhula)
- ukubhema (buthaka amathambo)
- ukuphuza okungaphezu kuka-2 iziphuzo ezidakayo ngosuku (kwandisa ubungozi bokuphuluka kweqhwa )
- isisindo somzimba esincane (ukwandisa ingozi yokuphuluka kweqhwa)
- ubuhlanga nobulili (abesifazane abamhlophe banezinkinga ezimbili noma ezintathu uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda noma abesifazane abamnyama nabaseSpanishi)
- Ukuba nomzali owayenokuphuka kwe-hip
- indlela yokuphila yangasese
- ukungeneli kwe- calcium ne-vitamin D
- izimo ezandisa ingozi yokuwa njengombono ompofu, izicathulo ezimbi, izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ibhalansi, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokudambisa, noma umlando wokuwa
- ukuthatha imithi ethile, kuhlanganise ne- corticosteroids ingabangela ukuguqulwa kwesifo se-glucocorticoid
- Ukuba nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, njenge- rheumatoid arthritis noma ezinye izifo zesifo se-rheumatic kungabangela ukukhubazeka okuyisithupha
Ukukhubazeka kwesibili kwenzeka lapho isifo esiwumgogodla, ukuntuleka, noma izidakamizwa kubangelwa i-osteoporosis. Uma kungabikho imbangela eyinhloko engabonakala, isimo sibhekwa njenge-primary osteoporosis.
Izinguquko zokuphila zinganciphisa ukuqhuma kwethambo nokunciphisa ingozi yezinsalela. Izinguquko zokuphila ezingasiza ekuvimbeleni i-fractures zifaka:
- ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
- ukuhlanganyela ekuzivocavoca umzimba okuvamile, kuhlanganise nokuvivinya umzimba (ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, i-tennis yizibonelo zokuzivocavoca umzimba ngenkathi ukubhukuda kungewona isisindo)
- ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unevithamini D kanye ne-calcium eyanele ekudleni kwakho noma ngokuthatha izithako zokudla
- Akubhenywa
Ukuba nezivivinyo ezivamile zethambo kungasiza ukuqhubekela phambili kokulahlekelwa kwethambo nokunciphisa ingozi yezinsalela ngokuqapha izilinganiso zamathambo. I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ithola ubufakazi obuhle bokuthi izibalo zamathambo zibikezela ngokunembile ingozi yezinsalela esikhathini esifushane futhi zenze lezi zincomo zokuhlolwa kwe-osteoporosis.
Ukwelapha
Imithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-osteoporosis kodwa odokotela (ama-rheumatologists, gynecologists, odokotela bezokwelapha zangaphakathi, kanye nodokotela abathintekayo) abaphatha iziguli ezibonisa izimpawu zokulahlekelwa kwethambo zakudala azivumelani ngaso sonke isikhathi endleleni engcono kakhulu.
Ingabe iziguli ezine-osteopenia kufanele ziphathwe nemithi yokuvimbela ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-osteoporosis?
I-National Osteoporosis Foundation, i-American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists kanye neNorth American Menopause Society batusa ukuthi iziguli ezine-osteoporosis noma i-fracture kufanele zilashwe kodwa kukhona ukungahambisani nalokho okunconywa kubantu abane-osteopenia. Ingabe ukwelapha i-osteopenia kudingekile noma ngisho nokubiza kahle?
Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwelapha i-osteopenia ngemithi ngeke kusebenzise imali. Njengoba kunezici ezengeziwe zokufaka ingozi, njengokusetshenziswa kwe-corticosteroid noma isifo se-rheumatoid, ukuphathwa kwe-osteopenia kuba ngaphezulu kokucatshangelwa noma kunjalo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izikole ze-T kuphela azikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi iziphi iziguli ezine-osteopenia zizohlukana nokuthi iziphi iziguli ezingeke zikwazi. Ukuhlola zonke izici eziyingozi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunquma ukuthi ukwelashwa ngemithi yokwelapha i-osteoporosis kuboniswa yini. Iziguli ezinezibonakaliso zokulahlekelwa kwethambo lokuqala kufanele zigxile ekuguquleni indlela yokuphila futhi zixoxe ngezinzuzo kanye nezingozi zemithi ye- osteoporosis nodokotela wabo.
> Imithombo:
> Cummings MD, uSteven R. Owesifazane oneminyaka engu-55 ubudala Osteopenia. I-Journal ye-American Medical Association .
> Khosla MD, Sundeep. et al. I-Osteopenia. I-New England Journal of Medicine . May 31, 2007.
> Payne, uJanuwari W. Ingabe Ukulahlekelwa Kwamathambo Okuqala Kusho ukuthi Udinga Izidakamizwa? US News and World Report . NgoJanuwari 30, 2008.
> Torpy MD, uJanet M. Osteopenia nokuvimbela amaFractures. I-Journal ye-American Medical Association .