Asitholanga umgomo wokuvimbela i-HIV. Lapho ososayensi benza, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke kusebenze ngokugcwele ngokushesha, futhi kuyilapho lokho kungase kuzwakale kulukhuni, kunezinye izindlela eziyaziwayo zokuvimbela i-HIV, kufaka phakathi umjovo ongase ube khona.
Izindlela Okwamanje Eyaziwayo Zokuvimbela I-HIV
1. Hlanganisa ubulili obuvikelekile. Uma unesondo , sebenzisa ukuvikelwa nokusebenzisa amakhondomu . Hlola i-HIV.
Hlola i-ozakwethu (ama). Zihlolisise ama-STD bese unakekelwa lezi STD.
2. Gwema ukusebenzisa kabusha izilingo . Noma ubani osebenzisa izinaliti kufanele asebenzise kuphela izinaliti ezihlanzekile , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usezibhedlela noma uma uzifaka ngaphakathi.
3. Phendulelwa Ukuvimbela. Othile we-HIV + ophethwe ngokugcwele nge-HIV futhi une-virus ephansi noma engekho engatholakali (inani legciwane egazini lakhe) akunakwenzeka ukuthelela omunye umuntu. Nge-HIV, ukuzitholela ngokwakho kusho ukuthi akusizi nje ukuzisiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane kumlingani wakho.
Kukhona futhi ngaphambi kokuvezwa kwe-prophylaxis nokuthunyelwa kwe-post-exposure prophylaxis. Njengokwelapha i-HIV nemithi kusiza ukuvimbela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ekusakazeni, ukunikeza imithi kulabo abangase baveze kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV.
4. I-Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (i-PrEP) ivumela labo abangenayo i-HIV, kodwa engozini ye-HIV, bathathe iphilisi nsuku zonke ukuze banciphise amathuba okuba ne-HIV .
Ngokuvamile bathatha iphilisi elilodwa kanye nosuku njengoTruvada elinemithi emibili ye-HIV, i-tenofovir ne-emtricitabine. Lokhu akuyona imithi eminingi njengemigomo egcwele, equkethe okungenani imithi emithathu. Ukuthatha le pilisi njalo nsuku zonke kunganciphisa ithuba lokuthola i-HIV ngamaphesenti angu-92.
Akuphumelelanga kangako uma kungathathwa nsuku zonke futhi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukukhohlwa.
Kunzima ukukhumbula ukuthatha iphilisi nsuku zonke. Ayifaki esikhundleni sesidingo socansi oluphephile (noma izinaliti eziphephile), kodwa kunciphisa ingozi kulabo abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV. Lokhu kusho ukuthatha iphilisi nsuku zonke isikhathi eside kodwa iphilisi ekhethiwe ngenhlanhla ayinayo imiphumela emibi kubantu abaningi.
Labo abathatha i-PrEP bayazi ukuthi basengozini ye-HIV. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuba ngumlingani ovamile womuntu one-HIV. Lokhu kungabandakanya amadoda angama-gay abaqaphela ukuthi angase abe engozini kumlingani omusha futhi afune ukunciphisa le ngozi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole i-HIV uma uthatha i-PrEP ngisho nalapho uthatha iphilisi nsuku zonke, kodwa ingozi iphansi kakhulu.
Uzodinga ukuhlola nodokotela njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu uma uthatha i-PrEP.
5. I-post-Exposure Prophylaxis (i-PEP) ivikela labo asebevele bavelele kwi-HIV banciphise ithuba lokuthola i-HIV. Kulesi simo, umuntu oye wadalulwa ufuna ukunakekelwa ngokushesha, ngethemba lokuthi okungenani emahoreni angu-24 (nangaphezulu kwamahora angu-72).
Ungathola i-PEP ehhovisi likadokotela wakho, umnyango ophuthumayo, umtholampilo wokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, noma umtholampilo we-HIV. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo ngokushesha uma uvezwe. Uma umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo enemibuzo, angabiza: Isikhungo sokubonisana se-Clinical esisekelwa yi-CDC (888) 448-4911.
Ukuvezwa kwe-HIV kungavela ku:
- inaliti yengozi yengozi ngumsebenzi wezempilo osiza isiguli se-HIV +
- ukudlwengula, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi
- ubulili obungavimbelwe futhi obunqunu nomlingani we-HIV +
- Ukuba negciwane lesandulela ngculaza (noma ezinye izifo zomzimba) kuqhuma emehlweni akho noma emlonyeni
- ukuba nesilonda esivulekile noma isisindo sishaye ngegazi le-HIV (noma ezinye izifo zomzimba)
- ukwabelana ngezinaliti (noma okungenakutshalaliswa kanye nemithi yokwelapha engavamile) nomuntu onesandulela ngculazi
- okungaqabukeli kakhulu: ukumpontshelwa kwegazi okungaziwa ngegazi le-HIV
Ukuvezwa akubandakanyi ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile. Akubandakanyi ukumanga noma ukukhahlela.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-PEP ihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezimbili, kodwa kuye ngokuthi ingozi kanye nokutholakala kwezidakamizwa, i-PEP ingafaka izidakamizwa ezintathu, umuthi ophelele wezokwelapha we-HIV.
Lokhu ukwelashwa ngemithi ye-HIV iyaqhubeka inyanga eyodwa.
Nakuba labo abathatha i-PEP sebevele bevezwe, ukuvezwa okuningi okungaba khona akuholele ekutheleleni. Ingozi ingaphansi kwe-1 ku-100 ngezinhlobo eziningi zokuchayeka. Ngisho nangaphambi kwe-PEP, iningi lamasokisi nokuhlangana kocansi, ngisho nalapho umuntu eyaziwa ukuthi une-HIV, akuzange kuholele ekudlulisweni kwe-HIV. Ingozi incike ekutheni umthamo wegciwane (ingakanani igciwane egazini). Kodwa-ke, izinaliti zezinyosi ziholele ekutheni zibangelwa izifo ezingaba ngu-2.3 kokungu-1 000. Ingozi ebuhlotsheni ixhomeke kunhlobo luni, ngezocansi ezitholayo ezithandwayo (13.8 per 1,000), kanti ezinye izinhlobo zobulili zithatha ingozi yezingxoxo ezingaba ngu-4-11 ngezigidi ezingu-10 000.
I-PEP ayiyona iphumelelo ngamaphesenti angu-100, ngakho-ke umuntu othatha i-PEP ngemuva kokuchayeka kufanele asebenzise ukuvikelwa (amakhondomu) nomlingani ukuze agweme noma iyiphi ingozi.
Izindleko zemithi ye-PEP ye-HIV ingase ibe yinkinga. Uma ungumuntu ohlukumezekile ngokocansi noma ukuvezwa kwakho kungumphumela wesinye ubugebengu futhi udinga usizo e-US ukukhokhela le mithi, sicela uxhumane nezinsizakalo zokusekela izisulu esifundazweni sakho. Kwabanye, kunezinye izindlela zokuthola usizo ngokushesha uma ungenayo umshwalense. Izindleko akumele zilibale ukunakekelwa njengoba kubalulekile ukuthi le mithi ithathwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvezwa.
Kukhona Kungaba Yindlela Entsha Yokuvimbela I-HIV
6. Imithi ejovayo, i-Long-Acting yokwelapha i-HIV ingaba enye indlela yokuvimbela nokwelapha i-HIV. Lokhu akuwona umgomo. Kunalokho, kufana namaphilisi athathwe ukwelashwa, i-PEP, noma i-PrEP, kepha ajowe. Kusemkhawulweni; akusilapha, kodwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-HIV ingaphathwa kanjani futhi ivinjelwe.
Abacwaningi baye bazama ukuthola indlela yokwelapha nokuvimbela ukuba yenziwe isikhathi eside. Akusekho isidakamizwa eside eside esamukelekile, kepha kukhona emisebenzini engase ibe khona kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. Ukuthatha iphilisi nsuku zonke kunzima. Noma ubani angakhohlwa. Uma sikhohlwa amaphilisi, amazinga ethu ezidakamizwa awehla futhi angamelana nawo angathuthuka. Uma ukumelana kuqhubeka ne-HIV, izidakamizwa zizoyeka ukusebenza kahle. Izidakamizwa ezintsha kuzodingeka ziqalwe, kepha ukumelana kungasula besebenzisa amaqembu aphelele wemithi futhi kukhona amakilasi amaningi, noma amaqembu amaningi, omuthi we-HIV. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukumelana nokuphikiswa.
Uma izidakamizwa zihlala amasonto noma izinyanga, bekungeke kube nzima ukuqiniseka ukuthi ukwelashwa kuthathwe. Imitholampilo ingakwazi ngisho nokuphatha ukwelashwa kulabo ababenenkinga yokuthatha imithi yabo. Ngaleyo ndlela, isidakamizwa esisebenza isikhathi eside singasiza ukugcina abantu bephilile, ngemithi yabo, futhi mhlawumbe bagweme ukumelana.
Imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza ingase ihlale amasonto amane kuya kwangu-8 noma ngaphezulu. Babethemba ukuthi bazohlala amasonto angu-12, kodwa kubonakala sengathi baphuthuma ngokushesha.
Imithi esetshenzisiwe yayiyizinhlobo ezifanayo zezidakamizwa esisebenzisayo kumaphilisi, njenge-integrase inhibitors nama-NNRTIs (okungewona i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor). Umehluko wukuthi lezi zidakamizwa zahlelwa ukuba zijowe. Le mithi ejojowe yakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokugqoka ngemuva kosuku noma ngaphezulu, izidakamizwa zingahlala ezingeni eliphakeme ngokwanele inyanga noma ezimbili.
Kuzothatha isikhathi ukubona indlela le ndlela isebenza ngayo. Sizobona ukuthi isebenza kanjani kubantu abahlukene-iminyaka ehlukene, abafanyana, ngemithi ehlukene, nangemininingwane ehlukene yezokwelapha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amazinga omuthi ahlale ephakeme egazini nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma amazinga ezidakamizwa egazini (nezinye izingxenye zomzimba) wehla kakhulu, igciwane lingakwazi ukuphakamisa ukubuya. Lokhu kungabhekana nokumelana nokubeka ingozi njengoba izifo ezinamandla zingakhethwa. Ngakho-ke njengokuthi kubalulekile ukuthi amaphilisi athathwe nsuku zonke, kubalulekile ukuthi izidakamizwa ezijova azidala inkinga efanayo futhi ziguqe ngokushesha kakhulu kwabanye abantu. Lokhu kuyodingeka ukuthi i-akhawunti ngezikhathi lapho othile ekhetha ukuyeka isidakamizwa-njengemiphumela emibi-futhi amazinga ezidakamizwa angancipha kancane kancane ngemva kokuba umuthi umisiwe.
Sizophinde sibone ukuthi kunemiphumela emibi yini kumishanguzo enenkinga. Izijovo zinikezwe ku-glutes, kunokuba kungesandleni, njengoba kuneziningi zokujova kunomuthi wokugoma ojwayelekile. Lezi zijovo nazo zazibuhlungu kwabanye abantu.
Zonke izidakamizwa zithatha ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyasebenza njengoba silindele. Ngisho noma izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa zijwayele, ukubunjwa okusha kuzovivinywa kakhulu. Izifundo ezikude manje zibonise le ndlela ukuthi ibe njengepilisi-futhi akukho ukumelana okutholiwe. Abantu abaningi baye babika ukuthi bayayithanda le regimen.
Lezi zidakamizwa ezijova zingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha.
Ngesinye isikhathi, labo abasengozini enkulu ye-HIV bangathola isibhamu njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili ukuze bavikele. Lokhu ngeke kube umgomo, kodwa kunalokho, njenge-PrEP, kungaba yimithi ewanele ukugwema ukuvimbela i-HIV. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi akuphelele: kwizifundo okungenani abantu ababili babenwe igciwane, kodwa abanye abaningi bavikelwe.
Abanye bangakwazi ukukhathazeka ngokuthatha imithi nsuku zonke ukuze badinga nje ukuvakashela umtholampilo wabo ngokudubula njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezinyanga ezimbili. Lokhu kungaba indlela entsha yokuphatha i-HIV. Kungase kusize ngempela ezindaweni lapho izinsiza zingalinganiselwe-nezinhlekelele zivame kakhulu. Ngale ndlela uma abantu kudingeka bafune isiphephelo ngokuzumayo, beshiya amakhaya nemitholampilo yabo, bangaba nenyanga noma amabili ngaphandle kwamaphilisi abo. Kungase futhi kusize emitholampilo ezinenkinga yokubeka izidakamizwa eziningi futhi zizama ukunikeza ukwelulekwa kokunamathela. Ngale ndlela, kungase kube nezinketho ezintsha zokwelapha i-HIV ngempumelelo nangokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungavimbela ukudluliselwa nokuyeka i-HIV, ngokuphelele.
> Imithombo:
> Aids.gov. I-post-exposure prophylaxis (i-PEP).
> Aids.gov. I-pre-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP).
> CDC. Izithandani Zengozi ye-HIV.
> UMargolis DA, uBoffito M. Izinkampani zokuvikela i-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti-antibiotic. I-Curr Opin i-HIV AIDS. 2015; 10 (4): 246-52.