Izintshumayelo eziphezulu ze-Condom 10 ezikhishwe

Imidwebo yemidwebo kusukela eminyakeni engu-12 000 eyedlule kuthiwa ibonisa ubufakazi bokuqala bokusebenzisa ikhondomu. Ikhondomu enkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakale zibuyele emuva ngo-1642. Ngakho-ke, kuphephekile ukusho ukuthi amakhondom ahlala isikhathi eside. Ngeshwa, izinkondlo zekhondomu ziye zazungeze isikhathi eside. Izizathu zokungafaki amakhondomu nezinkolelo eziphathelene nokusebenzisa ikhondomu zimise abantu abaningi ekusebenziseni le ndlela yokulawula yokuzalwa ebalulekile.

Ngokusho kukaBill Smith, uMqondisi oPhethe weNational Coalition of STD Directors,

"Imfundo yokusebenzisa ikhondomu efanele, kanye nokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe, yizici ezibalulekile ekunciphiseni amaphutha ekondomu nokukhulisa ukusebenza kwazo. Kodwa sisenomsebenzi omkhulu ngaphambi kwethu. Ukuze siqinisekise isizwe esingcono kakhulu socansi, kudingeka sibophe abantu ngamaqiniso adinga ukwenza izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ukuzivikela wona nabalingani babo. "

Ngakho-ke, unolwazi olunjani ngamakhondomu? Nasi uhlu lwezinkolelo zamakhondomu ezivame ukukholelwa kanye neqiniso ngalokhu lokukhulelwa.

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Inkolelo-mpilo: Amakhondomu ngokuvamile anezikhonkwane noma ezinye izinto zokukhiqiza

IQINISO: Amakhondomu abhekwa njengamadivaysi e-Class II Medical. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamakhondomu kulawulwa ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke amakhondomu kumele ahlangabezane namazinga omkhakha we-FDA kanye no-FDA. Abakhiqizi bekhondomu baseMelika nabangeniswa ngama-computer bahlola wonke amakhondomu ngamabholo nezinye iziphambeko. Baphinde bahlolele ngokwengeziwe amakhondomu okungahleliwe avela ku-batch ngamunye (ngokuvamile okubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okuvuza ukuze kutholakale izimbobo nokuhlola ukuqhuma emoyeni ukuhlola amandla ikhondomu). I-FDA ihlola izindawo zokukhiqiza ikhondomu ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokwenza ukuhlola kwazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhondomu ikhwalithi.

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Inkolelo-mpilo: Amakhondomu Awuvikeli Izifo Zama-STIs NjengeClamydia neGonorrhea

IQINISO: Ama- STIs afana ne-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, ne-trichomoniasis isakazwa ngokufihla emzimbeni. Amakhondomu ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhle kulezi zifo ngoba enza njengesivimbela, avimbela ukuvimba okubangela lezi zifo ze-STIs. Ucwaningo oluqhutshwa ukuhlaziya izifundo mayelana nokusebenzisa ikhondomu lisekela lesi simangalo:

• Amakhondomu aboniswe ukuthi ayasebenza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, ne-trichomoniasis; uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangazange basebenzise ikhondomu, abesifazane abasebenzisa amakhondomu njalo babonisa ukunciphisa u-62% engozini yokuthola i-gonorrhea nokunciphisa okungu-26% engozini yokuthola i-chlamydia.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo nokulungile kwekhondomu ye- latex noma ikhondomu yabesifazane kuhlotshaniswa nokunciphisa okukhulu emzimbeni ohlangene we-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, ne-syphilis kwabesifazane ababhekwa njengengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zocansi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlolovo ezingu-45 zokuphenya ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kanye ne-gonorrhea kanye / noma i-chlamydia ukutheleleka kwembula ukuthi ukusebenzisa amakhondomu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lezi zifo kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwamakhondomu ukuvikela ngokumelene nalezi zifo zengculaza empeleni kunconywa ngenxa yokulinganiselwa ngendlela ucwaningo olwalesi sihloko lwenziwe ngayo.

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Inkolelo-mbumbulu: Ukusebenzisa amakondomu amabili kunikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono kunane

IQINISO: Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunengqondo, amakhondomu aphindaphindiwe angalingani nokuvikelwa okunye. Empeleni, lo mkhuba ungenza ukuthi ikhondomu ingasebenzi kahle. Uma amakhondomu amabili asetshenziswa ndawonye, ​​ukuqhuma okungaphezulu kungenzeka phakathi kwabo; lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi eyodwa noma zombili amakhondomu angabhidliza. Akufanele nje usebenzise ikhondomu eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kepha ikhondomu yesilisa nayo ingasetshenziselwa ikhondomu yabesifazane (ngezizathu ezifanayo).

• Ingabe Amakhondomu Amabili Ahle Kunomunye?

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Inkolelo-mpilo: Iikhampasi zeLatex Yizo kuphela Amakhondomu Asebenzayo Ngempela

IQINISO: Le nganekwane iyinkimbinkimbi njengoba kuncike ekuchazeni ukuthi usebenza kanjani. Kunezinhlobo ezine zamakhondomoduna wesilisa: i-latex, i- polyurethane , i- polyisoprene , nemvelo yemvelo / amawundlu . I-FDA ivumile i-latex, i-polyurethane, ne-polyisoprene ikhondomu ukuze iphumelele ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa kanye nokuvikela ukulwa nama-STIs. Ekuvivinyweni kwebhu, ama-condoms e-polyurethane aboniswe njengezingqinamba eziphumelelayo ngokumelene nesidoda nama-STIs njengekhondomu ye-latex. Kodwa, kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile, "okuyikho", ama-polyurethane amakhondomu angeke anikeze inani elifanayo lokusebenza njengekhondomu ye-latex. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ikhondomu ye-polyurethane ayikho njengokwesekwa futhi elula kakhulu kunama-condoms we-latex, ngakho-ke la makondomu angase aphule noma aphule ngesikhathi sokulala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nekhondomu ye-latex, ama-polyurethane amakhondomu angama-3-5 amathuba okuphumula ngesikhathi socansi.

Amakhondomu eWundskin aqukethe ama-pores amancane. Ama-pores amancane kakhulu ukuze isidoda siphume, ngakho-ke la makondomu asebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa; Kodwa-ke, amabhaktheriya / amagciwane adala ama-STIs angadlula kulezi zimbangela. Ngakho, amakhondomu ama-lambskin awahlinzeki ngokuvikela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi.

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Inganekwane yekhondomu: Ubukhulu bekhondomu abukwenzi

IQINISO: Uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni ikhondomu, usayizi wenza umehluko. Njengoba usayizi we-penis ungashintsha, ukusebenzisa ikhondomu elungile elungile kubalulekile. Ukuze kuphumelele kakhulu, ikhondomu kufanele ihambisane kahle. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwekhondomu kungenzeka uma usebenzisa ikhondomu elingafanele-amakhondomu amancane kakhulu / aqinile angase abe namathuba amaningi okuphuka kanti amakhondomu amakhulu kakhulu / angabonakali angase ahlehlise.

• Ingabe Ubukhulu beKondomu buyabalulekile ngempela?
• Indlela Yokulinganisa Usayizi WePenis
• Ishadi Lomthamo Wekhondomu

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Inkolelo-ngqangi yekhondomu: Amakhondomu anganikela ngeminye yokuvikelwa ngama-STIs, kodwa hhayi i-HIV

IQINISO: Ucwaningo lubonisa ngokucacile nokuthi ngokucacile ukuthi amakhondomu ahlinzeka ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni i-HIV, igciwane elidala i-AIDS. Ukusebenza kwekhondomu ye-latex ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kuye kwasungulwa ngokwesayensi ezikoleni zokuhlola i-laboratory kanye nasezifundweni zangempela zemibhangqwana esebenzayo ngokobulili. Kutholakale ukuthi phakathi kwamabhangqwana abesilisa nabesilisa abathandana nabo abesilisa abathandana nabo abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ukusetshenziswa komkhondomu okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kusuka kumadoda kuya kwabesifazane kanye nakwabesifazane kuya kubantu. Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningi lwekhondomu lokusebenza ngempumelelo kutholakale ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwekhondomu, ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu okuthembekile kunciphisa ingozi enkulu yokudluliswa kwe-HIV ngo-80-87%.

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Inkolelo-mpilo: Amakhondomu angabangela Ukulimaza Kakhulu Kunokuhle

IQINISO: Njenganoma isiphi isinqumo sokukhulelwa , kubalulekile ukukala izinzuzo zendlela yokulawulwa kokuzalwa ngokumelene nezingozi zayo. Ngokuvamile, ikhondomu akufanele ikulimaze noma ingathinteli impilo yakho. Le nkolelo ikhuluma kakhulu kubantu abangase babe nezinkinga ezithile zezempilo nezithako zamakhondomu noma ukugcoba kwekhondomu. Ikhondomu ye-Latex kungenzeka ukuthi ayiyona into engcono kakhulu uma unesifo somzimba se-latex. Ngomugqa ofanayo, ezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugcoba ikhondomu (njenge-parabens, i-glycerin, noma i- spermicide ) kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi kubangela izinkinga ezithile zempilo kwabanye abantu. Uma uzwela kulezi zithako, kungase kudingeke wenze olunye ucwaningo lwakho ukuze unqume ukuthi lisetshenziswe yini kumkhondomu wakho ozithandayo.

• Ukukhathazeka Ngabe Iziphi Amakhondomu Enziwe?

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Inkolelo-mpilo: Amakhondomu awawusizo ekuvimbeleni ukukhulelwa

IQINISO: Uma isetshenziswe kahle futhi njalo uma ucansi, amakhondomu angama-98% asebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abesifazane ababili kwabangu-100 abalingani babo abasebenzisa ngokuqondile amakhondomu bazokhulelwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokusetshenziswa kwekhondomu. Ngokusebenzisa ikhondomu ejwayelekile, amakhondomu angama-85% asebenzayo (ngakho-ke kwabesifazane abangu-15 abalingani babo abasebenzisa ngokuqondile amakhondomu bazokhulelwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala).

Lezi zinombolo zingakwenza ukholwe ukuthi amakhondomu awasebenzi kahle. Hlala ukhumbule ukuthi, ngaphandle kwekhondomu ephuka noma izinyembezi, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa amaphutha avamile omkhondomu. Lokhu kufaka:

• Ukungasebenzisi ikhondomu njalo uma ucansi.
• Akusikho kahle ukusebenzisa ikhondomu (ukuyibeka engalungile / ngaphakathi ngaphandle, hhayi ukugqoka ikhondomu sonke isikhathi - ukuyibeka isikhathi eside / uyisuse ngokushesha, ungagqoki ikhondomu efanele yesayizi).
• Ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ephelelwe yisikhathi.
• Ukuvula iphakheji lekhondomu ngenjongo ebukhali noma ukushaya ikhondomu ngeminwe noma ubucwebe.
• Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu awazange agcinwe kahle .
• Ukungasebenzisi i -lubricant esekelwe ngamanzi noma esekelwe .
• Ukusebenzisa amakondomu.

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Inkolelo-ngqangi yekhondomu: Amakhondomu anikeleli Isivikelo Ukulwa ne-Skin-to-Skin Ukuxhumana nge-STIs

IQINISO: Ama- STIs afana ne-herpes, i-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) kanye nama-warts womzimba asakazwa ngokuthintana isikhumba nesikhumba. Amakhondomu aboniswe ukuvikela ngalezi zifo uma ikhondomu ihlanganisa isikhumba esithathelelekile.

I-Herpes / HSV-2

• Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngemibhangqwana lapho umuntu oyedwa enesandulela ngculazi uhlobo lwe-2 (HSV-2), ukusebenzisa ikhondomu amadoda nabesifazane abavikelekile ngokumelene nezifo ezintsha ze-HSV-2.
• Ubufakazi obukhulayo bubonisa ukuthi amakhondomu anikezela ngokuvikelwa okulinganayo ngokumelene ne-HSV-2. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi kunyuke okungenani okungama-3.6% ezinkingeni zokuthola i-herpes (HSV-2) ngesenzo ngasinye esingavinjelwe socansi, ukukhuphuka okungu-2.7% ezinkingeni zokubamba i-herpes lapho kusetshenziswa amakhondomu, futhi akukho ukwanda kwengozi ye-herpes lapho amakhondomu ehlala njalo ngesikhathi sokulala.

I-HPV

• Ukuhlola kubonisa nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kuhlotshaniswa nokuphulukiswa okusheshayo kwezilonda eziphathelene ne-HPV kanye ne-penile ye-HPV kanye nobude obufushane bokutheleleka kwe-HPV kwabesifazane.
• Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi amathuba omfazi wokuthola i-HPV ayancipha kakhulu njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kuyanda. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abalingani babo abasebenzisa amakhondomu angaphansi kwama-5% okuhlangana kocansi, abesifazane abalingani babo abasebenzisa amakhondomu okungenani isigamu sesikhathi babe nengozi engaphansi kuka 50% ye-HPV ukutheleleka, nabesifazane abalingani babo abasebenzisa amakhondomu 100% ingozi engaphansi kuka-70%.

Amagciwane e-genital abangwa yi-HPV. Amakhondomu angasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zomdlavuza wesibeletho ezihlobene ne-HPV uma indawo enesifo igcwele ikhondomu. Amakhondomu awakwazi ukuvikela ngokugcwele ngokumelene ne-HPV noma i-HSV-2 ngoba kungase kube nokuxhumana nomzimba ngesikhumba esithintekile.

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Inkolelo-mpilo: Amakhondomu Angakhululekile Futhi Ayinzima Ukuwasebenzisa

IQINISO: Amakhondomu amaningi anezici ezengeziwe (njengokufudumala okukhethekile okufudumala / ukugcoba kanye namagundane) angenza ubulili bujabulise kakhulu kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Uma ikhondomu engakhululekile ngoba inzima kakhulu, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo zamakhondomu anganikela ngokulingana okungcono nangokwengeziwe. Njengokunye ukuziphatha okusha, ekuqaleni, kungadingeka usebenzise ukufaka ikhondomu ngendlela efanele .

Ngokujwayelekile, ingxenye engathandekiyo yayazi ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokweqa ikhondomu. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ungukuthi ikhondomu kufanele iqhubeke njengesikebhe (angathandi i-cap shower); kufanele ukwazi ukuwuqeda kalula - ngaphandle kokuba unamathele iminwe yakho ngaphakathi kuwo ukuze uvule. Kodwa-ke, ngomkhuba omncane, amakhondomu alula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, futhi imibhangqwana ingase ihlanganise izindlela zokubeka ikhondomu kumdlalo wabo wesondo. Kukhona ngisho namakhondomu aklanyelwe ukuqiniseka ukuthi uwabeka ngendlela efanele (njengezikhondomu ze- Sensis ).

• Indlela Yokubeka Amakhondomu Ngomlomo Wakho

> Imithombo:

> Holmes KK, Levine R, Weaver M. "Ukusebenza kwamakhondomu ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi." I-Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 454-461.

> "Amakhondomu we-Nonlatex ne-Latex: Isibuyekezo." Umbiko Wokubeletha (Ukwelashwa Kwangaphandle) 2003 September; 14 (2): 10-13.

> Sanchez J, Campos PE, Courtois B, Gutierrez L, Carrillo C, Alarcon J, Gotuzzo E, Hughes J, Watts D, Hillier SL, Buchanan K, Holmes KK. "Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) kwabasebenzi besifazane ocansini: Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kokukhuthazwa kwekhondomu kanye nezinsizakalo ze-STD eziqinisiwe." I-Sex Transm Dis 2003 ngo-Ephreli; 30 (4): 273-279. Kufinyelelwe ngokubhalisa kwangasese.

> Stanaway JD, Wald A, Martin ET, Gottlieb SL, Magaret AS. "Ukuhlaziywa kwamacala okukhishwa kwamakhondomu kanye ne-herpes simplex virus type 2 yokuthola." I-Sex Transm Dis 2012 May; 39 (5): 388-393.

> Warner L, Stone KM, Macaluso M, Buehler JW, Austin HD. "Ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kanye nengozi ye-gonorrhea ne-chlamydia: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokuklama nokulinganisa izici ezihlolwe ezifundweni ze-epidemiologic." Ukwedlulisa ngocansi ngo-2006; 33: 36-51. Kufinyelelwe ngokubhalisa kwangasese.

> I-Weller SC, uDavis-Beaty K. "Ukwelashwa kwekhondomu ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza." Database Cochrane Yokuhlolwa Okuhlelekile 2002, Issue 1. Art. Inombolo: CD003255.

> Winner RL, Hughes JP, Feng Q, O'Reilly S, Kiviat NB, Holmes KK, Koutsky LA. "Ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kanye nobungozi bokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kubantu besifazane abasha." I-New England Journal of Medicine, ka-2006, 354 (25): 2645-2654.