IsiShayamthetho saseTexas senza i-Education Abstinence emuva ku-Spotlight
Ngo-Mashi 31, 2015, abameli beTexas bavotela kakhulu ukuguqula imali eyizigidi ezingu-3 zamaRandi ngemali evela ohlelweni lwayo lokuhlola i-HIV ukuya emfundweni esekelwe ekuziphenduleleni. Isilinganiso, ikakhulukazi sahlukaniswa emigqeni yeqembu kwiNdlu elawulwa yiRiphabhuliki, yathinteka kakhulu-futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezenziwa ngabanye abavela kumaDemokhrasi aphikisayo.
Naphezu kokuvuma ukuthi iTexas inezinga lesithathu eliphezulu lokutheleleka kwe-HIV kuleli zwe, kanye nesilinganiso sesihlanu sokukhulelwa kwentsha, i-Representative State Representative uStuart Spitzer yavikela lesi silinganiso ngokusho ukuthi "umgomo wukuthi wonke umuntu angaziqedi aze ashada . "
UDemocrat uHarold Dutton wabhekana nokubuza imibuzo ngoSpitzer ngokuzithiba kwakhe, okwakushiwo yiSpitzer ukuthi "uyintombi lapho eseshadile eneminyaka engu-29."
Ukushintshaniswa okukhulu kwezindleko eTexas House kugcizelele isimo somqondo sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi, okuvame ukugxila kwisayensi ngokuqondene nezinkolelo zomuntu siqu noma / noma zokuziphatha.
Isimo esiye sadlalwa izikhathi eziningi phakathi nomlando we- HIV , kokubili lapha nakwamanye amazwe, futhi okunye okuvame ukuphela kunalokho kungapheli kancane, uma kukhona, kuthinteka ekuziphatheni ngokobulili noma ukugwema i-HIV. Okubi nakakhulu, le ndlela ivame ukufeza okuphambene nalokho.
Umlando Omfushane Wokufundiswa Ngokuziqeda Kule-HIV / AIDS
Ukugxila okugxile ekufundiseni ukuzithiba ekuqaleni kweminyaka ka-2000, kanti amazwe amaningi athola okuthiwa "ABC" (noma ukuvimbela / ukwethembeka / ukugwedla) indlela yokuvimbela i-HIV. Isilinganiso samukelwa ngesikhathi ama- antiretroviral kazwelonke asesemncane ezweni elithuthukayo, kanti kuphela izimboni ezimbalwa zeziguli ezingaphansi kwezigidi ezingu-3 ngo-2005-zazinakekelwa.
Kwamanye amazwe afana neSouth Africa, ephikisana nokuphendula kwezwe ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuphika kukaMongameli uThabo Mbeki , i-ABC ivame ukubonwa ukuthi iyona kuphela inqubo kahulumeni-ngisho nokuthi izinga lokutheleleka liye lafika endaweni lapho omunye Abantu abayisihlanu baseNingizimu Afrika babenegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Kwakuyi-sikhathi lapho i-United States, ngaphansi kohlelo lukaMongameli we-Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , lisekela izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukuzibulala, ngesikhathi esisodwa eqondisa ingxenye yesithathu yazo yonke imali yokuvimbela ukuvimbela-kuze-emshadweni.
I-Uganda ingenye yezizwe zase-Afrika ukuze zikwazi ngokugcwele imbangela. Naphezu kokuphumelela okukhulu, impumelelo yokuqala ekuphenduleni inkinga ye-AIDS ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980 / ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, izwe, ngaphansi kukaMengameli uJowen Museveni, laqala ukudiliza ama-ABC ngokususa amakhondomu kusukela enkulumweni.
U-Museveni ngokwakhe ulahla amakhondomu ngokuthi "angalungile" kwabase-Uganda, kuyilapho i-Human Rights Watch yase-United States ibika ukususwa okubanzi kolwazi lwe- HIV / AIDS kusukela ezikoleni zasesikoleni samabanga aphansi, kanye nezixhobo zasesikoleni samabanga aphansi esichaza ubulili ngaphambi kokushada ngokuthi "ukwehlukana" futhi waphakamisa ukuthi i-HIV yayingene kalula ukungena emakhondomu e-latex.
Imali yase-US yokuzilahla- nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ukwethembeka e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara zafika ngonyaka ka-2008, zibiza ngaphezu kuka-R3,3 billion.
Umthelela Wokuziqeda Nezinhlelo Zokuthembeka
Ngonyaka wezi-2015, abacwaningi baseStanford University baqhube ukuhlaziywa ukuze banqume ukujwayela kokuziphatha ngokocansi ngaphambi nangemva kokuba iziqondiso zokuvimbela i-PEPFAR zenzeke ngo-2004.
Igxile kumazwe angu-14 aphezulu kakhulu e-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara lapho ama-congressal markmarks adinga ukuthi imali engu-33% ye-PEPFAR yokuvimbela imali isetshenziswe ku-ABC. Lezi zindlela zaziqhathaniswa nezizwe eziyisishiyagalombili zase-Afrika lapho izimali ze-PEPFAR zingenalo imingcele noma iziqondiso zokuvimbela.
Ukuhlaziywa kwakwazi ukubona izinguquko zonyaka ngonyaka ekuziphatheni ngokocansi njengoba kuchazwe
- Inombolo yabalingani bocansi ngonyaka odlule wabesilisa nabesifazane
- Iminyaka yobudala bokuqala besilisa nabesifazane
- Ukukhulelwa kwentsha
Akukho mthelela owatholakali, okuholele abacwaningi ukuphakamisa "ukubaluleka kokuhlola ezinye izinto ezibalulekile zokuxhasa imali nge-PEPFAR ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvimbela i-HIV emazweni angaphansi kwe-Sahara."
Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2006 kwezinqubomgomo zase-US yiSikoleni samaMeyili esiSebenzi sikaMphakathi e-Columbia University saphetha ngokuthi izinhlelo zokufundisa zokuzidela, njengoba zichazwe izidingo zezimali zomhlaba, "zazinenkinga yokuziphatha, ngokugodla ulwazi nokugqugquzela imibono engabazekayo futhi engalungile ... (futhi esongela) amalungelo ayisisekelo emphakathini, ulwazi, nokuphila. "
Impikiswano YokuQeda Ukuziqeda Ezikoleni
Kwabikwa ngoMeyi 2015 ukuthi iSigane Independent School School e-East Texas (eningizimu ye-Odessa) sithole amacala angu-20 e- chlamydia , ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya ngokocansi, phakathi kwabafundi bawo. Ukuqhamuka, okushiwo yiCenter for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ngokuthi "isifo esiyingozi," futhi kwaveza ukuthi abafundi abangu-6% esikoleni esiphakeme esifundeni-cishe eyodwa kwayishumi nanhlanu-babephathwa ngokutheleleka kwe-chlamydia.
Isikhulu sesifunda sesikole uJim Rumage sabeka icala ngokuziqhenya kuphela , ngokusho ukuthi "kusobala ukuthi akusebenzi" ngenkathi enezela ukuthi "ngumthwalo wemfanelo wabazali ukufundisa izingane zabo ngemfundo yezocansi."
Ngemva kwalokho, ibhodi yesikole livote ukufaka imfundo yezocansi esikoleni sokufunda esikoleni esiphakeme.
Lokho okwakuboniswa eSifundazweni saseCreane Independent School kwakungeyona into engavamile. Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2011 kwezemfundo kuphela ephuma eNyuvesi yaseGeorgia kwaphetha ngokuthi "ukugxila ngokujulile kugcizelelwe emthethweni wesifundazwe, ukukhulelwa kwentsha kanye nokuzalwa kwentengo."
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ucansi olunzulu nolwazi lwe- HIV / STD -okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ezibandakanya ukuziyeka njengendlela yokuziphatha-ehambisana nezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokukhulelwa kwentsha nokukhipha isisu kuwo wonke amazwe, kusho abacwaningi.
Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukuziyeka njengengxenye yenkulumo-mpikiswano akuyona into engalungile kodwa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuzithiba kuphela zivame ukuba, "ngamazwi abalobi," ukukhuthaza ukuzilahla ngezimzwelo, njengemibono yothando lomshado, ukuziphatha kahle, ukwesaba ama-STD, futhi ukusakaza ulwazi lwesayensi olungalungile. "
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukumela kukaSpitzer ukuthi ukuziqeda kuze kube ngumshado kuwumhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuvimbela i-HIV / STD kuyinto engathandabuzeki kakhulu. Izinkhulumomphendvulwano zesabelomali kaHulumeni weNarha zizokwenza isinqumo ngesiphetho sesilinganiso, nakuba abanye besaba ukuthi iSenate elawulwa yiRephabhulikhi cishe izoxhasa ezinye iziphakamiso zeNdlu, uma kungenjalo.
Imizamo eNgqungqutheleni ye-84 yaseState Legislative Session ukuze inqwaba yezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezithintekayo zokuqeda izithandani zahlanganiswa ngokunqotshwa, kufaka phakathi:
- Umthethosivivinywa weNdlu 467 , owawuzosusa ulimi olubonisa ukuthi izenzo zocansi ngaphambi komshado zibangela ukulimala kwengqondo nokulimala (FAILED).
- Umthethosivivinywa weNdlu 78 , ozobe uqinisekise ukuthi imfundo yezocansi ibe yinkambiso yobufakazi futhi inembile ngokunempilo futhi ifaka ulwazi olufanele eminyakeni yokukhulelwa kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezamukelwa yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FAILED).
- I-Senate Bill 88 , eyayizodinga imfundo yezempilo yasesikoleni somphakathi ukuba ifake ulwazi ngezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kanye nokuvimbela ama-STD ngaphezu kokugqugquzela ukuziyeka (FAILED).
- I-Senate Bill 300 , eyayizodinga izifunda zesikole ukuba zizise abazali uma isifunda sifundisa ukuyeka ukuzifundela kuphela noma kufaka phakathi ulwazi mayelana nokukhulelwa kwekharikhulamu yokufundisa ngezocansi (FAILED).
Imithombo:
Izindaba ze-ABC Eyewitness. "I-Texas Ukulinganisa Ukwehliswa Izikhwama ze-HIV Kukhuthaza Imfundo Yokuziqeda." Kushicilelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2015.
I-Daily Times Express. "Ayikho i-Sex-Ed e-Texas School eyenza i-Chlamydia Isbreak?" Kushicilelwe uMeyi 6, 2015.
Bheka, N .; Lowe, A .; ne-Bendavid. E. "Umthelela we-PEPFAR Ukuziqeda Nokuthembeka Ukuxhasa Ngezindleko Zengculazi E-Afrika Engaphansi kweSahara." Ingqungquthela yama-Retroviruses kanye nezifo ezithinta amathuba (CROI); Ngo-February 23-26, 2015; Seattle, Washington; abstract 160.
I-Santelli, J .; Ott, M .; Lyon, M .; et al. "Ukuzilahla nokuziyeka-imfundo kuphela: Ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ze-US." I-Journal ye-Health Adolescent. Januwari 2006; 38 (1): 72-81.
Umkhankaso waseTexas wokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwentsha. "I-84 yeTexas Session Legislative." Ifinyelele ngo-Juni 27, 2016.