Incazelo kanye nokubaluleka kwama-metastases ne-cancer
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi metastasis? Ama-cancers asakazeka kanjani kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, kungani asakazeka (ngokuphambene nezicubu ezinobuthi,) futhi yiziphi izingosi ezivame kakhulu ze-metastases?
Incazelo yeMetastasis
I-metastasis ichazwa ngokuthi ukusakazeka kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kusuka endaweni yabo eyinhloko (isitho lapho umdlavuza waqala khona) kwesinye isifunda somzimba.
I-cancer eye yasakazwa ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic.
Umdlavuza we-Metastatic ubizwa ngokuthi usekelwe kusayithi lapho umdlavuza waqala khona. Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza wamaphaphu usakazeka emathanjeni, ngeke ubizwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza wesifuba" kodwa kunalokho "umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamaphaphu emathanjeni." Kulesi simo, lapho amangqamuzana e-metastatic ebukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope babeyoba amaphaphu omdlavuza amangqamuzana, hhayi amangqamuzana amathambo.
Ezinye ze-khansa zinemetastatic ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, kanti ezinye ziba nemetastatic ngemuva kokuba umdlavuza usuqhubeke, noma uqhubeka. Uma umdlavuza ususile (noma okungenani awukwazi ukutholakala ngesikhangiso) bese kamuva uphindela esiteshini kude nomdlavuza wokuqala, kuthiwa "ukuphindaphinda okude." Emdlalweni wesifo somdlavuza, isisu esiye sabhekwa kabusha sivame ukubhekwa njengesigaba 4.
Ukubaluleka kwamaMetastases
Ikhono lokunciphisa umzimba yisici esisodwa esikhulu esihlukanisa izicubu ezinonya (umdlavuza) ezivela emathunjini angenalo umdlavuza.
Ezinye izicubu ezinobunzima zingakhula zibe zikhulu kakhulu, futhi zidale izinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulu uma zikhona esikhaleni esivinjelwe njengobuchopho. Kodwa lezi zicubu azifaki kwezinye izifunda zomzimba.
Ama-metastases anesibopho samaphesenti angama-90 okufa komdlavuza, ngakho-ke ucwaningo olubalulekile luqhubeka lubuka izindlela zombili zokwelapha izidakamizwa nezindlela zokuvimbela lokhu kusakaza ukuthi kwenzeke endaweni yokuqala.
I-Cancers i-Metastasize kanjani (Spread)?
Amaseli e-Cancer ahluke kumaseli ajwayelekile ngezindlela eziningana , enye yazo ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akwazi ukuwasebenzisa kusuka kumaseli aseduzane ukuze ahlasele futhi asakaze kwezinye izicubu. Amangqamuzana avamile enza ama-molecule wokunamathela asebenza njengeglue, aphethe amangqamuzana afanayo ndawonye. Amaseli e-Cancer alamandla amamolekli okunamathela ekuvumela ukuba aphule futhi ahambe. Omunye umehluko wukuthi amaseli avamile axhumana namanye amaseli aseduzane-ngokuyinhloko, akhunjuzwa ngemingcele yawo. Amaseli e-Cancer ahlele izindlela zokungazinaki lezi zimpawu zokuxhumana. Uma isifo somdlavuza "sikhululekile" futhi siselula, sikwazi ukuhamba. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeka khona :
- Endaweni (esifundeni): Uma izicubu ezinobuthi zikhula zenza kanjalo njengesisindo esiqinile, njengokungathi kunomngcele ocacile onabo. Ngokuphambene, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlasela izicubu ezizungezile ngendlela engavamile engabonakala njengezintambo. Kuyinto eqinisweni, ukwandiswa kwesifo somdlavuza kufana nezinye izicubu ezivela kulo igama; umdlavuza uvela egameni lesiGreki elithi claw.
- Ngegazi: Amaseli e-Cancer angangena egazini futhi ahambe aye kwezinye izifunda zomzimba.
- Ngesimiso se-lymphatic: I-lymphatic system enye enye inethiwekhi lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza angahamba khona.
Nge-airways (umdlavuza wamaphaphu): Ngaphandle kwezindlela zemetriasis ngenhla, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu, cishe usakazeka emoyeni wamapayipi (i-metastasis engaqondakali), futhi lokhu kungase kubaluleke nakakhulu kune-bloodstream metastasis abantu abane- lungen adenocarcinoma .
Lapho umdlavuza usakazeke, kudingekile izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angaqhubeka ekhula. Esinye isidingo ukubunjwa kwemithambo yegazi entsha yokudla isisu esisha, inqubo ebizwa nge- angiogenesis .
Imithi ebizwa nge-angiogenesis inhibitors isebenza ukuphazamisa le nqubo, okwenze kube nzima ukuba izicubu zizenzele ezindaweni ezintsha.
I-Cancers Isakazekaphi?
Iningi lamdlavuza likwazi ukusabalalisa kunoma yisiphi isifunda somzimba, kodwa ezinye izingosi ze-metastases zivame kakhulu kunezinye.
Amasayithi we-metastasis jikelele kanye nezinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu ze-khansela zihlanganisa:
- Izingosi ezivame kakhulu zemetastasis zihlanganisa amathambo, isibindi namaphaphu.
- Izingosi ezivame kakhulu zesifo somdlavuza webele wezinyosi , amathambo, ubuchopho, isibindi namaphaphu.
- Izingosi ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukusabalala yizigulane eziyingozi, amathambo, ubuchopho, isibindi, nakwezinye izindawo emaphashini.
- Izingosi ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wekolon ukuze kutholakale imishanguzo yi-isibindi, amaphaphu, ne-peritoneum.
- Izingosi ezivame kakhulu lapho umdlavuza wesifo sofuba usakazeka khona yizinhlayiya ze-adrenal, ithambo, isibindi namaphaphu.
Izimpawu zeMetastases
Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-metastatic zingabandakanya lezo ezihlobene nokuba khona kwe-tumor endaweni ethile yomzimba lapho umdlavuza usakaze khona, kanye nezimpawu ezingezona ezithize ezifana nokulahlekelwa isisindo esingenasisekelo nokukhathala. Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Ama-metastases angamafutha angabangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula, noma ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Imizwa ye-Brain ingabangela ukukhanda ikhanda, ukulahleka kombono, ukugunjwa, ukungabi namandla noma ubuthakathaka bezingalo noma imilenze, nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi.
- I-metastases ye-Bone ingabangela ubuhlungu esifundeni lapho ithambo elithintekile likhona, kanye nezinga eliphakeme le-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia of malignancy.) Uma umdlavuza ukhona emathangeni kungase kube lula ukuphuka, nesibonakaliso sokuqala I-metastasis yamathambo ingase ibe ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-pathologic (ukuphuka ngethambo elilimazwe yisisu.) Uma umdlavuza usakazeka emgodleni, kungabangela ukucindezela kwentambo yomgogodla ngenxa yobuthakathaka obumphumela wemilenze kanye nokukhubazeka kwesibindi noma kwesinye.
- Izidakamizwa zesibindi zingabangela i-jaundice (ukuguqulwa okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba,) ukubhubhisa, ubuhlungu besisu, nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo.
- Ama-metastases kuya kwi-grenal adrenal ngokuvamile ayifuni kodwa ayibalulekile ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa.
Ukwelapha I-Cancer Metastatic
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-metastatic kuzoxhomeka endaweni yesikhumba esikhulu. Umdlavuza we-Metastatic awukwazi ukuphulukiswa ngokuvamile, kodwa uyaphathwa. Imithi emisha efana nemithi ehlosiwe kanye ne- immunotherapy ithuthukisa amanani okuphila kwabanye abantu abanomdlavuza we-metastatic, kanti imithi eminingi ihlolisiswa ekuvivinyweni kokwelashwa okuletha ithemba lokuthi ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo emitholampilo yomdlavuza we-metastatic kuseduze.
Ezinye izindawo ze-metastases, kunzima kakhulu ukwelapha kunabanye. Ngenxa yenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamangqamuzana aqinile ahlotshaniswa okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa kwegazi, isikhawulo esenzelwe ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-toxins ekufinyeleleni kwesistimu ye-central central, izidakamizwa eziningi zamakhemikhali, nezinye izikhungo ezibhekiswe kuzo azikwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokucubungula emqondweni . Izifundo ziyaqhubeka zibheke imithi engcono kakhulu yokungena ebuchosheni, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha lezi zindlela zokuguqula umzimba.
Kubantu abathile abanamasayithi ayisithupha noma ambalwa kuphela we-metastases (i-oligometastase,) ukususa i-metastasis ngokuhlinzwa noma ukushiswa kwemisebe kungase kuthuthukise ukusinda. Igama elithi metastasectomy lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukususwa kwe-metastases futhi kungacatshangwa ngezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezinezinsalela ezimbalwa kuphela ebuchosheni, esibindi, noma emaphashini.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Kuyini iMetastasis? Kubuyekezwe ngo-12/15/16. http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/bonemetastasis/bone-metastasis-what-is-bone-mets
> Gaikwad, C. et al. I-Metastases engaqondakali: I-Possible Game Changer Ekuxilongweni Nokuphathwa Kwe-Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma. I-American Journal ye-Roentgenology . 2014. 203 (6): 570-82.
> National Cancer Institute. I-Canast Metastatic. Kubuyekezwe 02/06/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer