Ukuqhathanisa Ingozi Yezobuchwepheshe Neengozi Ezibhalwe
I-HIV yenze ukwesaba okunjalo okukhulu kokutheleleka kwabanye ukuthi iqhubeka ngaphezu kokusatshalaliswa kocansi . Eqinisweni, abanye abantu bahlale beqiniseka ukuthi ungathola i-HIV ngokuxhumana nento noma indawo lapho kungase kube negazi noma igciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
Phela, kungabonakala kunengqondo ukuphakamisa ukuthi igazi elingaphezulu noma umuthi ukhona, isikhathi eside igciwane lingasinda ngaphandle komzimba.
Futhi-ke, uma igciwane likwazi ukusinda, ngokuqinisekile liyakwazi ukutheleleka, akunjalo?
Ukuhlola Ingozi
Njengoba kunikezwe lezi ziminganiso, kungaba kuhle ukusho ukuthi, yebo, kukhona ithuba lokusinda, noma ngabe lilinganiselwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-HIV ingasinda ngaphandle komzimba amahora noma ngisho nezinsuku uma izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukuvezwa kwe-UV nokulinganisela kwe-pH konke kulungile. Isimo sezimiso ezingavamile kakhulu kodwa okuyiqiniso, kungenzeka.
Kodwa, ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu othintekayo noma owenza ngokungahambisani naye ngegazi elingenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi emzimbeni ubeka ingozi yokutheleleka?
Impendulo yalowo mbuzo cishe "ayikho" yonke. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kungukuthi, kuzodingeka uhlukanise phakathi kwengozi ebhekwayo kanye nenengozi ebhalwe phansi.
Kuqaphele futhi kuqoshiwe Ingozi ye-HIV
Ingozi eyaziwayo (noma eqondiswayo) iyodwa esekelwe enkolelweni kunokuba iqiniswe futhi iphikelela naphezu kokungabonakali komcimbi okwenzeke.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingozi eqoshiwe (noma yangempela) isekelwe ebufakazini bokufakazela okuthile okwenzekayo ngempela. Lapho ingozi ebhekwayo iphathelene nenkolelo, ingozi ebhalwe phansi ingeqiniso.
Mayelana ne-HIV, ikhono lokutheleleka aliguquleli engozini yangempela ngaphandle kokuba ukuvezwa kugcwalise izimo ezine eziqondile:
- Kumele kube khona ukushisa komzimba lapho i-HIV ingaba khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umama, igazi, uketshezi lwesisindo, nobisi lwebele. I-HIV ayikwazi ukuphumelela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezine-acidity ephezulu (njenge isisu noma isisu).
- Kufanele kube nomzila lapho i-HIV ingangena khona emzimbeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulala ngokobulili, izinaliti ezabelwana , ukutholakala emsebenzini , noma ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya komntwana .
- Igciwane kumele lifinyelele amaseli asengozini ngaphakathi komzimba. Lokhu kudinga ukuphuka noma ukungena ngokujulile kwesikhumba kanye / noma ukumuncwa kwegciwane ngokusebenzisa izicubu ze-mucosal ze-vagina noma i-anus. Ama-scrapes, abrasions, kanye ne-skin prick ayinikeli ukungena okujulile okudingekayo ukuthi isifo sithatheke. I-HIV ayikwazi ukudlula isikhumba sangaphakathi.
- Kumelwe kube khona inani eliningi legciwane emzimbeni wegazi. I-saliva, isithukuthezi, futhi izinyembezi zonke ziqukethe ama-enzyme ezivimbela i-HIV noma zine-pH enenzondo ye-HIV.
Ngaphandle kokuba zonke lezi zimo zanelisekile, ukutheleleka nge-HIV kumane akunakwenzeka.
Izimo I-HIV Ingasinda
Uma i-HIV ingase iphile ngaphandle komzimba isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa, ingenza kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo:
- Amazinga okushisa ama-colder angaphansi kuka-39 degrees Fahrenheit abhekwa njengelungele ukuthi i-HIV ikhule. Ngokuphambene, i-HIV ayenzi kahle ekamelweni lokushisa kwamahhala (68 degrees Fahrenheit) futhi iyaqhubeka nokuncipha njengoba ifinyelela futhi idlula ukushisa komzimba (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
- Izinga eliphezulu le-pH le-HIV liphakathi kuka-7.0 no-8.0, ne-pH enhle ye-7.1. Noma yini engaphezulu noma ngezansi kula mazinga ibhekwa engafanelekile ekusindeni.
- I-HIV ingasinda egazini legazi ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha, yize ukugxila kwegciwane egazini elomile kuyohlale kungenasisekelo.
- I-HIV isinda isikhathi eside uma ingabonakali emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV). Ukukhanya kwe-UV ngokushesha kuhlambalaza i-DNA yegciwane kanye ne-lipids eyenza igobolondo legciwane, okwenza likwazi ukuhlanganisa nokuthelela amanye amaseli.
Ngisho noma unikezwe le mingcele, kusadingeka kube necala elibhaliwe lokutheleleka nge-syringe elahliwe endaweni yomphakathi.
Ngonyaka we-2008, ukutadisha okubaluleke kakhulu kwezingane ezingu-274 zaseCanada akubonanga ucwaningo olulodwa lwe-HIV ngemuva kokulimala ngenaliti elahliwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2015, ama-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention kuphela angaqinisekisa ukutheleleka okulodwa ngokulimala kwesidingo kusukela ngo-1999, futhi icala lithinta umcwaningi webhu owayesebenza ngesimo se-HIV esibukhoma.
Ngokufanayo, akukaze kube khona icala elibhalwe yilabo abake banesandulela ngculaza noma ngokuthola imfucuza emzimbeni emehlweni omuntu one-HIV.
Uma Uye Waboniswa I-HIV
Ngokusobala, ayikho indlela echaza ukuthi umzimba omningi uketshezi noma ukuthi isilonda esikhulu siyadingeka kanjani ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeke. Uma ungangabazi, ngaso sonke isikhathi uphambuke eceleni kokuqapha futhi uye ekamelweni eliseduzane lokuphuthumayo noma uhambe-emtholampilo.
Ungakwazi ukubekwa inkambo yezinsuku ezingama-28 zemithi yomlomo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) , engayigwema ukutheleleka uma ukwelashwa kwaqala phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 okuvezwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma uqhubeka nokwesaba okungenangqondo nge-HIV , cabangela ukuhlangana nomchwepheshe we-HIV, isazi sezengqondo, noma umeluleki oqeqeshiwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu uma ukwesaba kuphazamisa ubudlelwane bakho noma ikhwalithi yokuphila. Kunezindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo ukusiza ukulawula lezi zinkathazo futhi uthuthukise umqondo wakho wokuphila kahle.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Amanothi avela eNsimu: Ukutholakala Ngokwemisebenzi Yokwelashwa Etholakala Ngomsebenzi Emisebenzini Yezempilo E-United States, ngo-1985-2013." I-MMWR. 2015; 63 (53): 1245-46.
> IPapenburg, J; Blais, D .; Moore, D .; et al. Ukulimala Kwezilwane Ezivela Ezinalweni Ezilahliwe Emphakathini: I-Epidemiology Neengozi YeSeroconversion. " Izingane zokwelapha. 2008; 122: e487-e492. I-DOI: 10.1542 / imigqa.2008-0290.