Izizathu Zokuthi I-Cancer Ibuyele Ngemuva Ngeminyaka Yokukhululwa
Naphezu kokwelashwa njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali , kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe , kaningi umdlavuza ubuya. Futhi ngenkathi eziningi ze-kansa zibuyela emuva eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala, abaningi bethu bayazi ngomuntu owahlala engumdlavuza iminyaka eminingi ngisho nangamashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza wabo ubuyele. Kungani ezinye ze-khansa zibuya, futhi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani?
Kubaluleka kokwazi ukuthi kungani i-Cancers ibuyele
Ekubuzeni ukuthi kungani i-cancer ephinda ibuyele, sibuza enye yemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ku-oncology namuhla.
Izikhathi eziphindaphindiwe ukuphindaphinda, ezifana nomdlavuza wesifuba, kunemetastatic. Umdlavuza wokuqala owawuyisiteji 1 noma isigaba sesi-2 manje isigaba 4 noma semetastatic. Njengoba amaphesenti angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 okubulawa komdlavuza avela ngenxa ye-metastases, lo mbuzo obalulekile.
Ukwelashwa okuningi esiwasebenzisa ngomdlavuza ukuvimbela umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ekuphikeleni futhi "ukuthola ithuba lokufihla." Lesi sizathu esilandelayo "i-adjuvant chemotherapy" esinikezwe isandulela ngculaza nesifuba samathambo, ngoba i-chemotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha eyenzelwe ukuhlasela la maseli ahlukumezayo. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana asele ngemuva. Ngisho nalapho behlala, noma kunjalo, bahlala kuphi? Kungani amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza ebonakala engenzi lutho iminyaka engu-20 bese ekhula futhi? Ake sibheke enye yale mibuzo, kodwa okokuqala kusiza ukuchaza igama elizosetshenziswa.
Ukubukeza Okufishane Kwemigomo Yomdlavuza
Uma ukhuluma ngomdlavuza ubuya kusiza ukuchaza ngokuqondile lokho okuphindaphindiwe, kanye neminye imibandela embalwa.
- Ukuphindaphindiwe . Ukuphindaphinda komdlavuza kubhekisela emdlalweni obuyelayo (ubuyela emuva, ubuyela emuva, noma ubuyekeze) ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lapho umdlavuza usuxolelwe khona (ngokuvamile okusho ukuthi abukho ubufakazi besifo (NED) kanti umdlavuza awutholakali ucwaningo.) Nakuba kungekho incazelo eqondile yesikhathi okumelwe idlule lapho umuntu engumdlavuza mahhala futhi uma umdlavuza uthathwa njengokuphindaphindiwe, abaningi oncologists bakholelwa ukuthi amancansi aphinde abuyele ezinyangeni ezingu-3 aqhubeka kunokuphindaphinda.
- Ukuqhubeka (Izifo Eziqhubekayo - PD) . Ukuqhubeka komdlavuza kubhekisela kumdlavuza owohloka futhi uye wanda okungenani amaphesenti angu-20 ngosayizi noma usakazeka ngemuva kokwelashwa.
- Ukuphendula okuyingxenye - Ukusabela okuyingxenye yokwelashwa kusho ukuthi isisu sinciphisa okungenani amaphesenti angu-30 ngosayizi, kodwa asihambanga ngokuphelele njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo noma ngezingcingo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa okuyingxenye.
- Izifo eziqinile . Isifo esiqinile, esibizwa nangokuthi isifo se-static, sisho ukuthi isisu asikhuli noma siyanciphisa kakhulu. Kusho nokuthi akukho zicubu ezintsha futhi ukuthi isisu asizange sisakaze kunoma yiziphi izifunda ezintsha zomzimba. Lesi sifo asizange sikhule ngokwanele ukuthi sibizwa ngokuthi isifo esiphuthumayo (ukwanda kwamaphesenti angu-20 noma ngaphezulu) noma kwehle ngokwanele ukuthi kuthiwa impendulo eyingxenye (okungenani amaphesenti angu-30 ayancipha.)
- Qedela ukuphendula . Ukuphendula okuphelele noma ukuguqulwa okuphelele kusho into efanayo nokukhululwa okuphelele noma i-NED (akukho bufakazi besifo.) Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho isisu esasalayo esingatholakala ekuhlolweni ngokomzimba, ngesilinganiso noma ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, kodwa akusho ukuthi umdlavuza waphulukiswa.
- Ukulahlwa . Ukukhululwa akusho ukuthi umdlavuza uphulukiswa, kodwa kubhekisela ekungabikho kwesifo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokukhululwa. Ekuxoxweni okuphelele , umdlavuza awukwazi ukutholakala ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma ngezifundo ze-radiological. Ekukhipheni okuyingxenye , umdlavuza usabonakala kodwa usancishisiwe ngosayizi.
- Akukho Ubufakazi Besifo (NED) . I-NED ichazwa ngendlela efanayo nokuxolelwa okuphelele - umdlavuza awunakutholwa nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa.
- Ukuphindaphinda - Igama eliphindaphindiwe livame ukusetshenziswa ngokungafaniyo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Kungani Abanye Khansela Bebuya?
Njengoba ukuphindaphinda kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokugula (ukugula) nokufa (umdlalo wokufa) emdlalweni, ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umdlavuza ubuya ubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokusinda iziguli zomdlavuza. Kuthemba ukuthi, njengoba ulwazi luthuthukisa kule ndawo, izinga lokusinda kwamanqamu amaningi lizokhula.
Kubalulekile ukuqala ngokusho ukuthi kuthatha ambalwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemuva kokwelashwa ukuthi lowo mdlavuza ubuyele.
Kuthatha izigidi eziningi zamangqamuzana omdlavuza ndawonye ukudala isisu esizitholakalayo ngisho namasu okucabangela okuphambili kakhulu.
Kuthiwani Ngokuhlinzwa Kokuhlinzeka Ngamayeza Omzimba Okubonakala Kuphumelela?
Uma uhlinzwa ngezimpawu ezicacile embikweni wakho we- pathology , futhi uma ukuskena kungabonakali ubufakazi bomdlavuza, kungaba nzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani umdlavuza uzobuya. Kodwa ngisho noma kungekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza abonakala emaphethelweni we-tumor, amanye amangqamuzana anomdlavuza kungenzeka asevele asakazwa nge-lymphatic system, endaweni yangakini kuma-tissue aseduze, noma ngegazi ukuya kwezinye izifunda zomzimba. La maseli omdlavuza angabonakali abizwa ngokuthi ama- micrometastases .
Kokubili ukwelashwa kanye nokwelapha imisebe kubhekwa "ukwelashwa kwendawo." Ngakho-ke aziphatheli amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahambe ngaphesheya kwesifunda sokwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa kwemisebe kungase kungabulali wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-radiation isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA kumabili amangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli avamile. Njengoba nje amangqamuzana avamile angase alulame imilayezo elandelayo, amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase "alulame" nawo. I-micrometastases kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bathola i-adjuvant chemotherapy ----------------------- amakhemikhali anikezwa ngemuva kokuphelelwa ukwelashwa kwendawo ngokuhlinzwa noma i-radiotherapy ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-micrometastases iqedwa.
Kungani I-Chemotherapy Ingabulala Wonke Amaseli E-Cancer?
I-Chemotherapy, ngokungafani nokuhlinzwa kwe-radiation, ibizwa ngokuthi i-systemic therapy, eklanyelwe ukwelapha hhayi amangqamuzana omdlavuza eduze kwesisu kepha ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakaze ngaphezu kwendawo yomzimba ephathwa ngokuhlinzwa kanye nemisebe. Ngakho kungani imithi yokwelashwa ingawubulali wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni? Ukuze uqonde impendulo yalo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuqonda kancane mayelana nokuthi i-chemotherapy isebenza kanjani. Iningi lemithi yokwelapha i-chemotherapy isebenza ngesikhathi esithile kwinqubo yokuhlukaniswa kweseli. Akuwona wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukanisa ngaso sonke isikhathi, namaseli angahlukanisi, noma asezingeni elihlukile ekuhlukaneni kweseli ukuthi amakheli athile e-chemotherapy adresse, angasinda. Lesi yisinye sezizathu abantu abavame ukuphathwa ngazo ngaphezulu enye imithi yokwelapha i-chemotherapy (izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zisebenza ngamaphuzu ahlukene ohlelweni lokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli) nokuthi kungani i-chemotherapy ivame ukunikezwa ngezikhathi eziningana ezahlukaniswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Amaseli Asemdlavuza Angayifihla Kanjani Iminyaka Noma Iminyaka Eminyaka?
Kunemibono embalwa ehlongozwayo ukuba ilandise lokho okubonakala kubonakala njengamakhono esifo somdlavuza "ukufihla" isikhathi esithile. Isibonelo, amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-45 we-estrogen-receptor emihle kanomdlavuza webele webele isenzeka eminyakeni noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka emva kokuba umdlavuza uphethwe ngempumelelo.
Enye yilawa umqondo wesifo somdlavuza we- cancer , i-subset yamaseli omdlavuza . Ngokulula , ungase ucabange ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza njengabaphathi. Kulesi simo, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angaba "ovamile" futhi anamandla kunamanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza (okungaphezu kokumelana nokwelashwa okunjenge-chemotherapy, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi bahlukanisa kancane kancane kunomdlavuza wansuku zonke.) Nakuba izifo zomdlavuza zingabulala amasosha amaningi , lawa maseli asezingeni eliphezulu ahlale ephila, alungele ukukhula futhi.
Omunye umqondo wukuthi i- dormancy . Ngesizathu esithile, iseli lomdlavuza (amangqamuzana anomzimba angase abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza) angakwazi ukulala (njengesitshalo phakathi nobusika, noma i-spore fungal) futhi, uma unikeza izimo ezifanele, uqala ukukhula futhi. Lezi zingqamuzana zomdlavuza zingase "zilale" isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba "zivuke" futhi zifake isigaba sokukhula esisheshayo. Bangase "balale" ngenxa yesimiso esihle sokuzivikela omzimba, noma ukuntuleka kwe- angiogenesis (ikhono lomdlavuza ukwenza imithwalo yegazi londle bese livumela ukuba likhule) bese "vuka" uma isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba singekho ukusebenza kahle ( ukuzivikela komzimba ) uma i-angiogenesis yenzeka.
Yiziphi I-Cancers Ezingabuyeli (Recur) Futhi Kungacatshangwa Kuphulukiswe?
Ngokuvamile odokotela basebenzisa igama elithi "elaphekile" ngoba amaningi amaningi anekhono lokubuya. Ukungafani kuhlanganisa ezinye zegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ezinesifo esincane kakhulu sokubuya (isibonelo, umdlavuza we-thyroid ekuqaleni).
Ingabe I-Cancer Eyadlula Ngaphezu Kakhulu?
Ezinye ze-khansa zingase zibe nobudlova kakhulu ukuphatha lapho zibuyela emuva, futhi ngenxa yezidumbu eziningi kudingeka sicabange ukuthi ukwelashwa kokuqala okusetshenziselwa ukuvame ukubhekwa ukuthi kuphumelela kakhulu. Kodwa lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingase ziqhubeke zingaphulukiswa ngisho nangemva kokuba zibuyele, isibonelo, umdlavuza we-testicular .
> Imithombo:
> I-Almog, N. Izindlela ze-molecular ezenza i-dormancy ye-tumor. Izincwadi Zomdlavuza . 2010. 294 (2): 139-46.
> Kleffel, S., noT. Schatton. I-dormancy ne-cancer yomsindo we-cancer: izinhlangothi ezimbili zemali efanayo? . Ukuthuthukiswa KweMithi Yezobuchwepheshe Nokuzivocavoca . 2013. 734: 145-79.
> Li, S., et al. Isibonelo se-Tumor Dormancy / Ukuphindaphinda ngemva kweKhemotherapy Yesikhashana esifushane. PLOS One . Kushicilelwe uMeyi 20, 2014.
> National Cancer Institute. Lapho I-Cancer Buyisela.
> Wang, Sih-han, noShiaw-Yih Lin. I-dormancy ye-tumor: i-target yokwelashwa engaba khona ekukhunjweni kwe-tumor nokuvimbela i-metastasis. I-Hematology yokuhlola kanye ne-Oncology . 2013. 2:29.