Izifo ziyaqhubeka zikhuphuka njengoba imithi yokulwa namagciwane ikhula
I-gonorrhea, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-clap," yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STD) esibangelwa amagciwane e- Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Nakuba i-gonorrhea ingabangela izibonakaliso nezimpawu, kufaka phakathi ukukhulelwa kwamaginini noma amapeni kanye nokubuhlungu uma ugijima noma ngesikhathi socansi, kuvame ukuza ngaphandle kwamazwi anjalo nhlobo. Kule minyaka, lawa ma-bacterium abe amelana kakhulu namagciwane amaningi.
Nakuba isilinganiso esisodwa se-azithromycin ne-ceftriaxone singasula izifo eziningi, ukuphindaphinda kuvamile. Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, i-gonorrhea ingabangela izinkinga ezinzima ezihlanganisa ukukhulelwa kwesisu, ukungabi namntwana, isifo se-arthritis septic, ngisho nokumpumputhe.
I-gonorrhea ithinta kokubili amadoda nabesifazane futhi ingadluliselwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Amacala angaphezu kuka-800 000 abikwa e-United States unyaka ngamunye-futhi izinga liyakhula.
Izimpawu
Ngokusho kombiko ovela kwi-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), abesifazane abangamaphesenti angama-90 namaphesenti angu-40 abantu abanegonorrhea ngeke babone izimpawu . Uma izimpawu zivela, zivame ukuba mnene futhi zingabaluleki futhi ziphuthele kalula ezinye izifo, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, imfucuza, imfucuza yesilonda noma ama-hemorrhoids.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile kwabesifazane zifaka:
- Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane
- Ubuhlungu lapho uchama
- Ukuhlwitha phakathi kwezinkathi
- Isibeletho esingezansi noma ubuhlungu be-pelvic
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile kumadoda zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhishwa okwesibhakabhaka-okwesibhakabhaka kusuka epeni
- Ubuhlungu lapho uchama
- Ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala ku-scrotum noma kumathambo
I-Pharyngeal (emphinjeni) i-gonorrhea ingabangela ubuhlungu obuhlungu bomlomo, kuyilapho i-gonorrhea emaceleni ngokuvamile ibonisa izimpawu zokuhlambalaza, ukungahambi kahle nobuhlungu phakathi nokunyakaza kwamathumba.
Ukutheleleka kweso nakho kunokwenzeka, okuholela ekuboniseni izimpawu ze- conjunctivitis (iso elincane).
Uma ishiywe ingalashwa, i-gonorrhea ingabangela izifo ezivuthayo ezivuthayo (PID) kwabesifazane kanye ne- epididymitis emadodeni, kokubili okungabangela ukungasebenzi. Ngokuvamile, ukusakazwa kwe-gonococcal (DGI) , i- meningitis , nezinye izinto ezingathí sina zingase zenzeke.
I-gonorrhea ingakwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-HIV njengoba izicubu zomzimba ezivuthayo zenza ukuthi igciwane lifinyelele kalula emzimbeni.
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zitholakale futhi zinegciwane ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngezinye izikhathi zingathuthukisa ukutheleleka kweso okubizwa ngokuthi i- ophthalmia neonatorum , okuyinto, uma ishiywe ingalashwa, ingabangela ukuphuphuthekisa nezinye izinkinga.
Izimbangela
I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae ibhethri idluliselwa kakhulu ngesikhathi somlomo, ubulili, noma ubulili bomzimba. Ukudluliselwa komama kuya kumntwana akuvamile okwenzeka ngesikhathi umntwana esesiswini. Esikhundleni salokho, kwenzeka lapho ingane idlula emgodini wokuzalwa.
Imisindo, ukuvinjelwa kwamasipha, ukuvinjelwa kwama-rectal, futhi, ngokwezinga elincane, amathe angaba nomthwalo wokudlulisela. I-gonorrhea ayikwazi ukudluliselwa ngegazi noma ubisi lwebele.
Izingozi ze-gonorrhea zihlanganisa:
- Intsha encane (abantu abanocansi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 basengozini enkulu)
- Abalingani abaningi bobulili
- Ukusebenzisa ikhondomu engavumelani
- Ukuba ne-gonorrheal yokutheleleka esidlule
- Ukuba namanye ama-STD esikhathini esidlule
Ukuphindaphinda kufinyelele kubantu abaye baphathwa ngaphambilini nge-gonorrhea. Ucwaningo lweminyaka eyisikhombisa oluqhutshwa yi-US Army luthi, phakathi kwabasebenzi abangu-17,602, amaphesenti angu-13,4 namaphesenti angu-14,4 abesifazane abhekana nakho okungenani okuyisinye isimo sokugonywa kwamagciwane. Ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukuphathwa kwe-gonorrhea akukuvikeli ukuvikelwa komzimba.
Ukuxilongwa
Kunezivivinyo ezintathu ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-gonorrhea , ngayinye yayo enokusetshenziswa kwayo nokulinganiselwa okufanele:
- Isivivinyo sokukhulisa i-Nucleic acid (NAAT) ukuhlolwa kofuzo okukhulunywe ngakho ekutholeni ukuxilongwa kwe-gonorrhea engavumelani yomlomo wesibeletho / isisu noma ipeni. Ngenkathi i-NAAT ishesha kakhulu futhi inembile, ayivunyelwe ukuxilongwa nge-gonorrhea emaceleni noma e-pharyngeal.
- Amasiko angama-bacterium angasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-gonorrhea yezocansi, i-rectum, umphimbo, namehlo. Ngenkathi iwusizo, isiko luhlolo olukhethekile, olungavumelekile olungahle luphazamiseke ngephutha lebhu kanye nokuqoqwa kwesampula okungalungile.
- Ukugaya igrafu kuyindlela yendabuko yokuxilongwa lapho ama-dyes asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amabhaktheriya ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngenkathi inqubo inganikeza umphumela oqondile kumadoda, ayikwazi ukwenza kanjalo kubantu besifazane.
Ngesikhathi izivivinyo zasekhaya zikhona futhi, ukunemba kwabo kuguquke kakhulu; iphutha lomsebenzisi livamile.
Ukwelapha
Phakathi neminyaka engama-35 eyedlule, izinhlanzi ze-gonorrhea ezijikeleza emphakathini ziye zaqina ngokumelene nemithi elwa namagciwane okusetshenziselwa ukuphatha. Kusukela kuma-1980 lapho i-penicillin ingasasebenzi kuze kube ngo-2012 lapho i-tetracyclines ingabhekwa njengempumelelo, ukulwa kwezinto zokwelashwa kuye kwahlukunyezwa kuphela ngama-antibiotic angakwazi ukukhipha lokhu okutheleleka okungeyona inkinga.
Kuze kube sekupheleni, ngo-2015, i-CDC yanconywa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngomlomo ku-monotherapy ukuphatha i-gonorrhea. Lokho abaqaphela ukuthi abantu babengaphelelanga ukwelashwa njengoba kunqunyiwe futhi, kunokuba babulale i-bacterium, beyivumela ukuba iguqule futhi iqhubeke imelana kakhulu-ukuphikiswa ababeyoyidlulisela kwabanye.
I-CDC manje ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwelashwa emibili yokwelapha i- gonorrhea engahlosiwe yomlomo wesibeletho, urethra, rectum, noma umphimbo kubantu abadala: inhlanganisela yomjovo wesibeletho we- ceftriaxone nomthamo womlomo we- azithromycin . Ngokuqeda ukutheleleka ngomthamo owodwa, kuneziningana, i-CDC ithemba ukusheshisa ijubane lokumelana okuqhubekayo .
Amanye ama-antibiotic atholakalayo kulabo abaphikisana nezidakamizwa eziphakanyisiwe. Izindleko eziphakeme noma ukwelashwa okubanzi kuzodingeka ezimweni ezifana ne-DGI nokutheleleka kwe-gonococcal iso. Iningi lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingaphathwa ngokunomthamo owodwa, nakuba izifo ezingasakazwa zingadinga ukufika ezinsukwini ezingu-14 zemithi elwa namagciwane.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi umcabango wokuthola i-gonorrhea kungase kuphazamise, akufanele kukuvimbele ukuba uthathe isinyathelo uma ucabanga ukuthi usulelekile. Ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngokuyimfihlo futhi imiphumela ingabuyiselwa ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kwezintathu.
Ngaphambilini uthola ukuthi ulungile uma ukhona, ekuqaleni ungaqala ukwelashwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga kepha ukukhubazeka kwakho kwi-HIV . Uma imiphumela ingalungile, ingasiza ukuqinisa imikhuba yobulili ephephile, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamakhondomu nokunciphisa inani labalingani bobulili.
Ukuze uthole indawo yokuhlola eduze kwakho, vakashela indawo ye-locator ye-CDC. Imitholampilo eminingi ebalulwe inikeza ukuhlolwa okungabizi noma okungabizi izindleko kubahlali abaqeqeshiwe.
> Imithombo:
> Bautista, C .; I-Wurapa, E .; Sateren, W. et al. Phinda ukutheleleka nge-Neisseria gonorrhoeae phakathi kwabasebenzi basebenzi base-US Army: isifundo-uchungechunge lwamacala omphakathi. I-Int J STD AIDS. 2017; 28 (10): 962-68. I-DOI: 10.1177 / 0956462416681940.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). 2015 Izifo Zesifo Sokuziphatha Ngocansi: Izifo Zokwelashwa: Izifo ZamaGonococcal. I-Atlanta, Georgia; ikhishwe ngoJune 4, 2015; ibuyekeziwe ngoJanuwari 4, 2018.
> CDC. I-CDC Fact Sheets: Ama-STD abikiwe e-United States, ngo-2016 - Ukunyatheliswa okuphezulu kwe-STD Okusongela Izigidi Zamamerika. Ikhishwe ngo-September 2017.
> CDC. "Idatha yakamuva kwi-Gonorrhea yama-Antibiotic-Resistant." NgoJuni 14, 2016.
> Lee, K .; Ngo-Metzger, Q .; U-Wolff, u-T. et al. Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi: Izincomo ezivela e-US Preventive Services Task Force. Am Fam Physician. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.