Ukukhipha isisu
Uma wenza isinqumo mayelana nokukhulelwa kwakho, kubalulekile ukuthi ube namaqiniso athembekile okukhipha isisu. Ukukhipha isisu kuyinkqubo lapho owesifazane ekhetha ukuqeda ukukhulelwa kwakhe. Ukukhulelwa okungalindelekile kuyinkinga enkulu echaphazela izinkulungwane zabantu ngonyaka ngamunye. Ngaphezulu kwengxenye yezigidi eziyi-6 zokukhulelwa ezenzeka ngonyaka e-United States azihlelwe.
Ngokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe ku- Perspectives on Health and Sexual Reproductive , cishe amaphesenti angu-50 abesifazane abhekana nalokhu ukukhulelwa okungahleliwe empeleni basebenzisa ukukhulelwa kwenyanga phakathi nenyanga abayitholile. Ukukhipha isisu kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa e-United States njengoba kukhishwa izisu ezingaba ngu-1.3 million ngonyaka. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-40% kubo bonke abesifazane bazoqeda ukukhulelwa ngokukhipha isisu ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuphileni kwabo kokuzala.
Ingemuva emfushane
Ngo-1973, icala leNkantolo eNkulu uRoe v. Wade lathi abesifazane banelungelo lokukhipha isisu phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala (2 trimesters) zokukhulelwa, ngaleyo ndlela babhalisa ukukhipha isisu. Inkantolo yathi ukukhipha isisu kuyilungelo eliyisisekelo ngaphansi komthethosisekelo wase-United States nokuvimbela ukukhipha isisu kuzophula umthetho weNqubo yokuThuthukiswa kwesigatshana sesi-14 (okuvikela emisebenzini kahulumeni ukuphika ilungelo lokungasese, kubandakanya owesifazane ofanelekile ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa kwakhe).
Inkantolo inqume ukuthi i-fetus engenakulinganiswa (engakwazi ukusinda ngaphandle kwesibeletho) akuyona umuntu ngokwemigomo ebekiwe esigabeni esisodwa sokuchitshiyelwa kwe-Fourteen, amalungelo enqubo efanele ngenxa yalokhu ayisebenzisi engakazalwa. Kusukela lesi sinqumo esinqumayo senkantolo, imithetho eminingi yesifundazwe neyezwe iye yahlongozwa noma idluliselwa.
Ukukhipha isisu kungenye yezindawo eziphikisana kakhulu nezingokomthetho emkhakheni wezokwelapha.
Ngo-2003, uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush wasayina ukuvinjelwa komthetho wokuqala kokukhipha isisu, okuvimbela inqubo ye-Intact Dilation and Extraction (D & X) isisu. Nakuba lokhu kuvinjelwe kuthiwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "uMthetho Wokuvimbela Ukukhipha Isisu Sokuzalwa Kwangaphandle ka-2003," kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi inqubo ivunyelwe ngokunembile emphakathini wezokwelapha njenge-Intact D & X; "Ukukhipha isisu okuyingxenye" kuyigama lezombusazwe, hhayi elikwelapha.
Lapho Abesifazane Bengafuni Ukukhipha Isisu
Cishe amaphesenti angu-88 okukhipha isisu ayenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-trimester yokuqala (izinyanga ezintathu) zokukhulelwa. Cishe ngo-59% kwenzeka emasontweni ayisishiyagalombili okukhulelwa, 19% emasontweni 9 kuya ku-10, kanye no-10% emavikini angu-11 kuya ku-12.
Cishe u-10% wokukhipha izisu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sesibili sesibili (6% emavikini 13-15 no 4% ngesonto 20). Ngemuva kwamasonto angu-24 okukhulelwa, ukukhipha isisu kuhlinzekwa kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zempilo ezimbi (futhi i-akhawunti engaphansi kuka-1% kokukhipha isisu). Ukukhipha isisu ngaphambili kunzima, kuphephile, futhi kuvame ukuba kubiza kakhulu kunokukhipha izisu esikhathini esizayo ekukhulelwe.
Amaqiniso nama-Demographics
- Abesifazane base-US, abaneminyaka engu-24 ubudala nabancane, balinganiselwa cishe ku-52% kulabo abathola ukukhipha isisu. Le nombolo iphinde ihlelwe phansi: I-19% yalezi zikhwama zitholwa ngabasha, kanti abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-24 balinganiselwa ku-33% yalezi zisu.
- Cishe amaphesenti angama-60 okukhipha isisu atholakala ngabesifazane abaye okungenani babe nengane eyodwa.
- Okubili kwezintathu kuzo zonke izisu zenzeka kubesifazane abangakaze bashade.
- Abesifazane bazo zonke izigaba zomphakathi kanye nomhlanga okhethwe ukukhipha isisu: 78% yabesifazane abaye baba nombiko wokukhipha isisu abanamalungu enkolo, amaphesenti angu-88 abesifazane abathola ukukhipha isisu bahlala ezindaweni ezidolobheni, kanti abesifazane abangama-57 abafuna ukukhipha isisu banomnotho abahluphekile (abahlala ngaphansi kwezinga lobuphofu).
- Kulabo besifazane abathola ukukhipha isisu, 54% basebenzisa indlela yokulawula ukubeletha ngenkathi bekhulelwe. Eziningi zalezi zikhulelwe zavela kumakhondomu aphula noma asetshenziswe ngokungalungile (49%) nangenxa yabesifazane abaphuthelwa ukuthatha amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa (76%).
- Ingxenye yabo bonke abesifazane abafuna ukukhipha isisu okokuqala bebengayisebenzisi uhlobo lokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi bekhulelwe (naphezu kokuvumelana nabalingani babo bocansi ngokungafuni ukukhulelwa).
Ukunquma Ukuthola Isisu
Kubalulekile ukuthi owesifazane enze isinqumo esinolwazi uma ecabangela ukuthola isisu. Ukuxoxa ngezinketho zomuntu nabangani noma umndeni othembekile nabasekelwayo, kanye nokwelulekwa kokukhulelwa kokuqala, kungaba usizo ekufinyeleleni isinqumo owesifazane ozwa ukuthi ulungile kakhulu. Abesifazane bangase babe nokuzikhethela phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zokukhipha isisu kuye ngokuthi zingaki amasonto abakhulelwe. Isikhathi esiphephile kakhulu sokukhipha isisu ngamaviki angu-5-10 emva kokuhamba kwesikhathi sokugcina esikhathini. Esikhathini esidlule, kwaba nokukhathazeka ukuthi ukukhipha isisu kungandisa ingozi yomfazi wesifo somdlavuza webele . Ucwaningo lwamuva futhi olwenziwe ngokucophelela, noma kunjalo, lubonisa ukuthi ayikho isixhumanisi phakathi kokukhipha isisu nokuba nomdlavuza webele kamuva ekuphileni.
Izizathu Zokuthi Abesifazane Banikhipha Isisu
Isinqumo sokukhipha isisu ngokuvamile sinqunywe yizizathu zombili ezihlukahlukene nezihlobene. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abesifazane abaningi abhekene nalesi sinqumo abenzi lutho kalula. Ngokuvame ukucwaninga komphefumulo, ukucabanga nokulinganisa zonke izimo ezenziwa lesi sinqumo. Kule minyaka, ucwaningo luye lwaveza njalo izizathu ezifanayo ezivela kubesifazane ngokuthi kungani bakhetha ukukhipha isisu.
Inqubo
Zombili izindlela zokukhipha izisu nezokuhlinzeka ziyatholakala, kodwa ziyahlukahluka esigabeni ngasinye sokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, uma ukukhulelwa kudlulile amaviki ayisikhombisa, izindlela zokukhipha isisu kuphela zingasetshenziswa. Ukukhipha isisu kwesibili-trimester kuvame ukuthwala izingozi eziphakeme kunezingxenye ezintathu zokuqala. Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-American Psychological Association ithole ukuthi abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isisu esisodwa singabangela izinkinga zempilo yengqondo.
> Imithombo:
> Finer, Lawrence B. noLori F. Frohwirth, uLindsay A. Dauphinee, uSusheela Singh no-Ann F. Moore. " Izizathu US US Abesifazane Ukukhipha Isisu: Izindlela Quantitative and Qualitative ." Izindlela ezithinta impilo yezocansi nokuzala . 2005, 37 (3): 110-118.
> Guttmacher Institute. (2007). Ngamafuphi: Amaqiniso okukhipha isisu e-United States .
> Jones, RK, Darroch, JE, & Henshaw SK (2002). "Ukusetshenziswa kokubeletha phakathi kwabesifazane base-US abakhipha izisu ngo-2000-2001." Iziphakamiso ezempilo yezocansi nokuzala, 34 (6) , 294-303.
> Paul, M. (1999). Umhlahlandlela womtholampilo wokukhipha isisu kwezokwelapha nokuhlinzwa . ENew York: uChurchill Livingstone.
> Pichler, S. (2007). Indlela Ukukhipha Isisu Okunikezwa Ngayo . Umzali Ohleliwe.