Uma igazi elikhulu kakhulu lilahlekile, ukumpompela kungadingeka
Kungase kube nezikhathi lapho abantu abanezifo zesifo sofuba (IBD) bezodinga ukuthola igazi kumnikeli, njengesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma uma igazi eliningi lilahleka ngokuphuma kwegazi emaphethelweni emathunjini . Kunezingozi ezihilelekile ekutholeni igazi, kodwa ngokuvamile, kuyinkqubo evunyelwe kahle futhi, njengoba sonke sazi, ingasindisa izimpilo.
I-Blood Donation
Ngokuvamile, igazi linikezwa izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezihlolwe futhi "zamukelwe" ukunikeza igazi. Inqubo yokuhlola ihlanganisa imibuzo mayelana nezempilo jikelele kanye nanoma yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokugula. Igazi lithathwe kuphela kubaxhasi abakhethwe njengenempilo ngokwanele yokwenza kanjalo. Igazi elinikeziwe lihlolwe ukucacisa uhlobo (A, B, AB, noma O) futhi luhlolwe ukuba khona kwe-virus ye- hepatitis (B no-C), i- HIV , i-HTLV (amagciwane e-T-lymphotropic), i-West Nile virus I-Treponema pallidum (amabhaktheriya abangela ukuphilisa).
Igazi lingathathwa futhi ligcinwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu esikhathini esizayo , noma lunikezwe isihlobo. Ngokuvamile, igazi lomuntu lidonsa futhi ligcinwe kusengaphambili kokuhlinzeka lapho kudingeke khona ukumpontshelwa igazi. Lokhu-ke, kungenziwa kuphela lapho kwenzeka khona isidingo. Izihlobo zingase zinikeze igazi ukuze zisebenzise ngokuqondile isiguli, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kungabhekwa njengokuphephile kunegazi kusuka kuvolontiya.
Inqubo
Uma isiguli sidinga igazi, umdlalo ofanelekayo utholakala phakathi kwegazi lomnikelo. Ukufanelana okuhambisane nomzimba kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba omuntu othola igazi ngeke awenqabe. Igazi kusuka kumnikeli lifaniswa nohlobo kanye neR Rh factor yomamukeli. Ukufanisa okufanayo kufakazelwa izikhathi eziningana, kufaka phakathi kombhede wesiguli, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo olufanele lwegazi lunikezwa.
Ukumpontshelwa ngegazi kwenziwe ngenye indlela, futhi ngokuvamile i-unit unit (500 ml) yegazi inikezwa ngaphezu kwamahora amane. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezifana ne- antihistamine noma i- acetaminophen nazo zinganikezwa ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusabela ekumpompheni.
Izenzakalo ezimbi ezingenzeka
Impendulo ye-Febrile Non-hemolytic Transfusion. Isenzakalo esivame kakhulu kunazo zonke ekumpompheni kwegazi yi-reaction febrile non-hemolytic. Lokhu kusabela kungabangela izimpawu ze-fever, ukubola, nokuphefumula, kodwa lokhu kuzinciphisa futhi akuholeli ekucindezeleni okungathí sina. Lo mcimbi kwenzeka cishe ku-1% wegazi.
Ukusabela Okumangalisayo Kwe-Transmusion Hemolytic. Ngomphumela omningi we-hemolytic reaction, ama-antibodies avela ohlelweni lomzimba wesiguli esithola igazi ukuhlasela ama-blood donor cells futhi abhubhise. I-hemoglobin ephuma egazini legazi inikezwa phakathi nokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana, okungabangela ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ingozi yalesi senzakalo ilinganiselwa ku-1 kuwo wonke ama-12,000 kuya ku-33,000 amayunithi wegazi.
Ukusabela kwe-Anaphylactic. Lokhu kuyisenzo esingavamile kodwa esinamandla esiyingozi esingase sibangelwe umamukeli aphendule eplasma yomnikeli. Lokhu kungasongela impilo futhi kungenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokumpontshelwa noma amahora ambalwa emva kwalokho.
Ingozi ye-reaction ye-anaphylactic cishe engu-1 ngamaphesenti angu-30,000-50,000.
Isifo esithinta isifo se-graft-vs-host host (GVHD). Le nkinga engavamile kakhulu ivela ikakhulukazi kulabo abamukeli kahle. Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe angalingani kusuka ekuhlaseleni kwegazi lomnikeli umculi we-lymphoid womamukeli. I-GVHD ivame ukubulala njalo, kepha lokhu kungenziwa kungavinjelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwegazi elixilisiwe. Igazi lingase libe ne-irradiated uma lizonikwa umamukeli osengozini ye-GVHD.
Ukutheleleka.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ngenkathi ingozi yokutheleleka iyancipha ngenxa yenqubo yokuhlola abahlinzeki negazi elizinikeleyo, bayaqhubeka bengengozini yalezi zifo.
Ingozi yokuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kusuka ekumpompheni kweyunithi eyodwa yegazi cishe:
- I-Hepatitis B: 1 ku-250,000
- I-Hepatitis C: 1 ku-1.9 million
- I-HIV: 1 ku-2.1 million
- I-HTLV: 1 ku-2 million
Ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kungadluliselwa uma kukhona amabhaktheriya egazini elizinikele. Igazi lingangcoliswa ngama-bacteria ngesikhathi noma emva kokuqoqwa, noma ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ingozi yokutheleleka okuthe xaxa ingamaphesenti angu-1 kwangu-500 000.
Ezinye izifo. Amanye ama-virus (i-cytomegalovirus, i-herpesvirus, i-Epstein-Barr virus), izifo (isifo se-Lyme, i-Creutzfeldt-Jakob isifo, i-brucellosis, i-leishmaniasis), kanye nama-parasites (afana nalawo abangela i-malaria ne-toxoplasmosis) ingahle isakazwe ngegazi, kodwa lezi zingavamile.
Imithombo:
Pall Corporation. "Ukuthuthwa Kwegazi: Ukwazi Izinketho Zakho." I-BloodTransfusion.com 2009. 17 Jul 2009.