Indlela Ukuvuvukala Kwamazinga Okumangalisayo Okungahle Kuphazamise I-Reflex Yomfundi
Izinkinga zembono zivame ukutholakala kwezifo eziningi ze-sclerosis (MS) , okubangelwa umonakalo ovuvukalayo emgodini we-optic. Enye yezimpawu ezincane eziyaziwayo yinto eyaziwa ngokuthi umfundi kaMarcus Gunn lapho umfundi engahluleki khona (uthole kancane) njengoba kufanele uma ukukhanya kukhanya kulo.
Umfundi kaMarcus Gunn angakwazi ukungazikhukhumezi noma ngisho nokwesaba uma ungazi ukuthi kwenzekani.
Kwezinye izimo, isimo singaqaphela kuphela lapho udokotela noma ophthalmologist enza ukuhlola iso iso. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kubonakale lapho ubuka esibukweni noma kuqaphelwa ngabanye, ikakhulukazi uma unamehlo alula.
Ngenkathi uMarcus Gunn umfundi engavamile ukuveza uphawu lwe-MS, kunezimo lapho kuzovela khona nezinye izinkinga zombono njengezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo.
Isizathu sikaMarcus Gunn Umfundi
Umfundi kaMarcus Gunn (owaziwa nangokuthi i-Pupillary afferent defect defect, noma i-RAPD) uyenzeka lapho indlela yesikhumba evela ebuchosheni eya kwithonya elithintekayo ingaphumeleli.
I-multiple sclerosis ibonakala ngokuphendula okungavamile kwamagciwane omzimba okudala ukulimala okuqhubekayo ekugubungeni okuvikelayo kwamangqamuzana omzimba (okubizwa ngokuthi i- myelin sheath ). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinzwa eziveziwe zingakwazi ukuqhuma noma ukuhluleka ukuxhumana nomunye njengoba kufanele.
Kuye lapho kwenzeka khona umonakalo, izicubu ezithintekayo zingenza izilonda (izikhala) isici sesifo esiqhubekayo.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka ku-nertic optic kanye / noma i-retina, umuntu angase abone izimpawu ze- optic neuritis
Lezi zimpawu zingashintsha kuye ngokuthi ububanzi bendawo buyini noma indawo. Kungenzeka kumunye oyedwa noma kokubili amehlo futhi kungafaka:
- I-ache ephazamisayo ngemuva kweso lakho
- Ubuhlungu lapho uhambisa iso lakho
- Ukukhubazeka kombono noma ukulahlekelwa
- Ukuhlanza noma ukulahlekelwa umbono wombala
- Umbono we-peripheral wehlile
- Izibani ezikhanyayo noma ezikhanyayo
Ngaphandle kombono ngokwawo, umonakalo wendlela yezinzwa kungathinta ukuhamba kweso futhi kuholele embonweni kabili ( diplopia ) nokunyakaza kwamehlo okungazibandakanyi ( nystagmus ).
Umfundi kaMarcus Gunn uyingxenye yezimpawu zezimpawu ezihlobene ne-optic neuritis. Akuvamile ukuvela yedwa futhi kaningi kuhambisana nombono ongeyena, ubuhlungu beso, kanye nezinsizwa.
Ukuxilongwa kukaMarcus Gunn
Isivivinyo sokukhanya esikhanyayo ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umfundi waseMarcus Gunn.
Ngokuvamile, lapho ukukhanya kukhanya ngqo emehlweni, bobabili abafundi baqinisela ngesikhathi esifanayo (impendulo eyaziwa ngokuthi i- reflex light reflex ). Lokhu akukwenzeki nomfundi kaMarcus Gunn. Esikhundleni salokho, lapho ukukhanya kuqondiswa iso elithintekile, kuyoba nomphumela wokuba nomoya omncane wezingane zombili (noma, esimweni esibucayi, umphumela wokuxhumana).
Ubunzima besibonakaliso singabalwa kanje:
- I-RAPD emfushane, ekhonjiswe ukukhubazeka kwabafundi obuthakathaka kulandelwa ukuhlanjululwa
- I-RAPD elinganiselwe lapho ubukhulu bomfundi buhlala bungashintshi khona
- I-RAPD ehlukumezeka lapho umfundi othintekayo egxila khona ngobukhulu obukhulu
Ukwelashwa kukaMarcus Gunn
Ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu, odokotela banganquma ukuthi iyiphi imithi yokwelashwa, uma ikhona, edingekayo.
I-MS-ehlobene ne-neuritis optic ngokuvamile iyanqanda, okusho ukuthi iyovame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokubuyela emuva futhi ixazululwe yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa eziguqula izifo zingase zenziwe.
I-steroids nayo isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-optic neuritis, inikezwe nge-intravenously noma efomini ifomu. Uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa kombono omkhulu, ukuphathwa kwe-plasma exchange ( plasmapheresis ) kunganconywa .
> Umthombo:
> Blazek, P .; UDavis, uS .; Greenberg, B. et al. "Injongo yokufanisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-pupillary affectary in MS." J Neuro Sci. 2012; 232 (1-2): 193-200.