Kungenzeka yini ukuthi izifo ze-HPV ziphakamisa ingozi yakho ye-Cancer Lung?
Ekubuyekezeni kuka-2008 izifundo ezingu-53 ezishicilelwe encwadini ye- Lung Cancer , abalobi bathi i-HPV ingase ibe yimbangela yesibili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngemva kokubhema ugwayi, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalolu daba luyadingeka kakhulu. Yini esiyifunde kusukela ngaleso sikhathi? Ingabe kukhona ngempela ukuxhumana kwesinye isimo phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu?
Yini i-HPV (Human Papillomavirus)?
I-HPV (i-papillomavirus yabantu) iqoqo lamagciwane angaphezu kuka-200 angakwazi ukuthelela abantu.
Kulezi, cishe 30 ziyakwazi ukudala umdlavuza, izinkinga ezivame kakhulu "imithwalo yemdlavuza" kuyi-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18.
I-HPV ivame ukusabalala ngokuxhumana nomzimba kakhudlwana, njalo ngesondo. Ukutheleleka okuningi nge-HPV kucacile ngokuzenzekelayo kungakapheli iminyaka emibili ngaphandle kokubangela ezinye izinkinga, kodwa ezinye zihlala njalo. Ukutheleleka nge "umdlavuza obangela umdlavuza" we-HPV akusho ukuthi umuntu uzokwakha umdlavuza. Eqinisweni, ukutheleleka okuningi nge-HPV akuyikuba ngumdlavuza.
I-HPV yaziwa ukuthelela amangqamuzana e-epithelial futhi isebenza ukuphazamisa izinqubo ezivamile zamaselula ezilawula ukukhula kweseli. Ngisho noma lokhu kwenzeka, iningi lala maseli angavamile aluthola futhi asuswe amasosha omzimba ethu.
I-HPV neCanscer
I-HPV manje isungulwe kahle njengoba idlala indima ezimweni eziningi zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kanye namacala amaningi ekhanda lomdlavuza, umdlavuza we-penile , cishe amaphesenti angama-95 emdlavuza wesilwane, namaphesenti angama-70 emdlavuza womlomo, ikakhulukazi okwenzeka ezincane, ezingekho -abesifazane abapheka.
I-HPV 18 ne-HPV 16 yiyona imbangela yamaphesenti angama-70 e-Cancer okwelapha i-HPV eyenziwe yi-HPV, futhi i-HPV 16 inesibopho esingaphezu kwesigamu se-HPV esibangelwa ukwelashwa komlomo.
Ngakho-ke, siyazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kungabangela umdlavuza nokuthi kubangela ezinye umdlavuza oseduze nesifunda samaphaphu. Siphinde sazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwegciwane kungasiza ekwakheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, isibonelo, labo abanesandulela ngculazi banamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunelabo abangenalo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kodwa ingabe ingabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
I-Cancer Causes and Fact Factors
Ukubheka izimbangela zomdlavuza wamaphaphu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngeshwa, ukuhlambalaza ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo somuntu obhemayo ngezinye izindlela uye wanciphisa inqubekelaphambili ekuhloleni ezinye izimbangela ezikhona. Kodwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukhona nabangewona abokubhema. E-United States, abesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-20 abakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu abakaze babhema ugwayi owodwa, futhi leyo nombolo iphakama ibe ngamaphesenti angu-50 abesifazane abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu emhlabeni wonke abangabhemi. Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangasoze baphumela yiwona wesithupha oholela ekufeni kwabantu abahlobene nomdlavuza e-United States.
Siphinde sazi ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ophuza odala umdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi lokho kubhema kungenzeka kusebenze ngokuvumelanisa nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezibangelwa umdlavuza. I-HPV ingenye yalezi zici?
Umlando kanye neJografi ye-HPV ne-Cancer Cancer
Ukuthi i-HPV ingadlala indima ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuqala ukuphakanyiswa ngo-1979. Izifundo eziningana kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zitholile ubufakazi be-HPV DNA kumagciwane wengane, kepha lokhu kuyahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi yizwe . E-United States, i-HPV DNA itholakele ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-15 wamanqamu wamaphaphu, kuye ngokucwaninga, nge-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18 ngokuvamile etholakala-yizinkinga ezibandakanya kakhulu emdlalweni wesibeletho.
EYurophu, ukutholakala kwe-HPV DNA emangqamuzaneni emaphaphu kunamaphesenti angu-17, kodwa le nombolo iqhubekela kumaphesenti angu-69 eGreece naseTaiwan kanye namaphesenti angu-79 eJapane. Siyazi ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewona abokubhema uvame kakhulu e-Asia. Siphinde sazi ukuthi i-HPV ibonakala iyatholakala kaningi emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza wamaphaphu nabesifazane abangewona abokubhema kunamadoda nabantu ababhema.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2016 lubonisa lokhu okungafani nakwezinye izindawo. Kwesinye isifundo, kwatholakala ukuthi abesifazane baseTaiwan bebanamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu uma bevezwe ku-HPV. Ngokuphambene, ukutadisha kwaseShayina kwakutholanga ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-HPV antibodies (isibonakaliso sokuchayeka) nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ingabe i-HPV Infection Cause Cancer Lung Cancer?
Nakuba i-HPV itholakala kumaseli omdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi e- squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu , ukubaluleka komtholampilo wokuthola i-HPV kumaseli omdlavuza wamaphaphu akukaziwa noma kuqondwa. Ake sibheke ezinye zezizathu ukuthi lo mbuzo awuphenduli kalula.
Causation vs. Correlation
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba khona kwe-HPV emdlalweni wamaphaphu kubonisa ukuthi i- causation (leyo HPV ibangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu) kungomunye umbuzo. Kungenxa yokuthi kukhona ukulungiswa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili-kulokhu ukutholakala kwe-HPV nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu-akusho lutho mayelana ne-causation. Indlela elula yokuchaza lokhu ngokusebenzisa isibonelo. Kukhona ukulungiswa okuqinile phakathi kokudla i-ayisikhilimu nokucwilisa kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ukudla i-ayisikhili kubangela ukugwinya kwamanzi ukuba kwenzeke. Kulesi simo, kukhona ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezingafani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhundleni sokubambisana noma ukulungiswa okungahambisani, ukutholakala kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kunalokho kungaba umbuzo "wezinkukhu neqanda". Yikuphi okwafika kuqala? Mhlawumbe izicubu zamaphaphu ezonakaliswa ukutholakala komdlavuza zivele zithinteke kakhulu ukuthi zithatheleleke nge-HPV. Uma ngabe kunjalo, i-HPV izobhekwa njengengculaza " engathandwayo " kufana nokutheleleka abantu abanesandulela ngculazi. Nge-AIDS, umonakalo obangelwa i-HIV owenza umzimba utholakale nezifo ezifana ne-pneumocystis pneumonia, hhayi ezinye izifo ezenza i-HIV.
I-Cancer Primary Lung Cancer vs. Metastases
Kwezinye izifundo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubonakala sengathi uvame kakhulu kulabo abaye banomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kwesinye isifundo esikhulu kakhulu (okuphetha ngokuthi i-HPV ayitholakali uma ivele ihlotshaniswa nokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu eCanada naseNyakatho Melika), kwatholakala ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kwakungama-1.5% kuphela weziguli, nokuthi zonke lezi ziguli ziye zabhekana nakho ngaphambili ama-cancer (cells such as cervical or oral cancer) ahlobene ne-HPV. Ngisho noma lezi zomshukela zamaphaphu zibonakala zingumdlavuza wamapayipi oyinhloko, umbuzo ophakanyisiwe wukuthi, lezi zifo zingase zimelele umdlavuza we-metastatic emaphashini avela kumdlavuza webele womlomo wesibeletho.
I-HPV njengeCarcinogen
Siyaqiniseka ukuthi i-HPV isebenza njenge- carcinogen-isifo esibangela umdlavuza- uma kuziwa emdlalweni wesibeletho, i-penile, ubulili nesisu somlomo, kodwa kuthiwani ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu? Uma i-HPV ibandakanyeka emdlavuza wamaphaphu, umcabango wamanje ubonakala sengathi i-HPV ingase ibe yinkampani ebumbene ekwakheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngamanye amazwi, igciwane lingasebenza ndawonye nezinye izici ezinobungozi ezifana ne-radon noma ukubhema kogwayi ukukhiqiza umdlavuza. Kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngokungafani nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, uma i-HPV impela imbangela noma i-cofactor emdlavuza wamaphaphu, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kunqunyelwe kwamanye amakhemikhali amaphaphu.
I-HPV ne-Lung Cancer Prognosis
Ngokuthakazelisayo, labo bantu abanabo ubufakazi be-HPV emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza wamaphaphu kubonakala sengathi banesifo esingcono kakhulu sokungabonakali kulabo abangenayo ubufakazi be-HPV kumaseli omdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kuthola ukuthi kunomthelela owenziwa yi-HPV emdlalweni wamaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa namanqamu omlomo. Amagciwane e-Oral okuyinto abangelwa i-HPV inomthelela wokuba nesiguli esiphezulu kunezo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kogwayi.
Ngaphansi
Kungase kube yisikhathi ngaphambi kokuba sazi ukuthi, uma kunjalo, ubuhlobo beqiniso phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngempela. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, kunezinguquko eziningi esingaziqondi. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luzodingeka ukuhlola ukutholakala kwe-HPV kumaseli omdlavuza wemaphaphu, nokuchaza ukungezwani okukhulu kwezwe okubonakala kubakho. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ngisho nokuhlanganiswa okucacile phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wamaphaphu akusho ukuthi kubangelwa yini. Kungenzeka ukuthi azihambisani, ngisho noma lezo zicubu zomdlavuza we-lungs zitholakala kalula ekutheleleni i-HPV nokuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu "uyimbangela" yokutheleleka kwe-HPV kunokuba ngenye indlela.
I-HPV Prevention
Ngakho lokhu kusho ukuthini ukuvimbela? Ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-HPV ngokusebenzisa ubulili obuphephile kuyisiqalo esihle. Kulabo abakhona ocingweni mayelana nokugonywa kwe- HPV , lokhu kungase kuhlinzeke ukusekelwa okuncane.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yomdlavuza We-Lung
Siyabonga ukuthi siyazi ngezinkinga eziningana zokufaka ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu esikulawulayo. Hlola lawa macebiso angu-10 okuvimbela umdlavuza . Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlolisise ikhaya lakho nge- radon - imbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwabangewokubhema futhi ucabange ukungeza ezinye zalezi zokudla ezicatshangelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ekudleni kwakho. Futhi ungakhohlwa: noma ubani onamaphaphu angathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Imithombo:
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Lin, F., Huang, J., Tsai, S. et al. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokutheleleka komuntu we-papillomavirus nomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesifazane: Isifundo seqembu esisekelwe kubantu. Imithi (Baltimore) . 2016. 95 (23): e3856.
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van Boerdonk, R., Daniels, J., Bloemena, E. et al. Umdlavuza wemaphaphu wamapayomavirus wesifo esiphezulu kakhulu: ubufakazi bamangqamuzana wephethini ye-metastasis ye-pulmonary. I-Journal ye-Thoracic Oncology . 2013. 8 (6): 711-8.
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