Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokugonywa okuyinhloko okuphakanyisiwe kubantu abadala abaphila ne- HIV . Nakuba izincomo zifana nalabo abangenalo igciwane, i-HIV ngezinye izikhathi inganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhungethekile, futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, bangadinga ukulungiswa komthamo noma ezinye izinto.
Njengomthetho wesithupha, abantu abanesandulela ngculaza akufanele bagonwe ngemigomo ephikisiwe ephilayo.
Lezi yimishanguzo esebenzisa ifomu elibuthakathaka legciwane eliphilayo, elibangelwa izifo ukwenza impendulo ye-immunologic. Ukukhathazeka ukuthi ngisho negciwane elibuthakathaka lingase lidale izifo kulabo abanezivikeli zokuzivikela ezingapheli kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene, imishanguzo esebenzisa igciwane elingasebenzi (noma "elibulalayo") alimeli ingozi kubantu abathinteka ekuzivikeleni. Kukhona okwehlukile, kodwa nakubantu abanempendulo enamandla yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuthi imishanguzo yegciwane ebulawe ingakhethwa ngaphezu kwezinketho eziphikisiwe zokuphila. Isibonelo, ukudubula kwamagciwane kuyamukeleka kubantu abanesandulela ngculazi (kusukela kuhlobo olubulalayo lwegciwane elisetshenzisiwe); izipunu zomzimba ezifana ne-FluMist azikho (njengoba zinikeza igciwane lesandulela ngculaza).
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi ezinye zokugoma ziphakanyiswa bonke abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi, abanye batuswa kuphela kulabo ababhekwa njengengozi enkulu yezifo ezithile-kungaba ngenxa yokuhamba, ubudala, noma izinga lokukhulelwa kubantu abasengozini.
Futhi, njengama-test lab kanye nawo wonke amafomu wolwazi lwezokwelapha, kunconywa ukuba ugcine ikhophi yamarekhodi akho okugoma endaweni ephephile.
Imishanguzo Ephakanyisiwe Yabantu Abadala abane-HIV, Iminyaka Engu-18 Yebudala noma Abadala
| Uhlobo lwe-Vaccine | Isilinganiso | Incomo |
I-Hepatitis A (i-HAV) | Uchungechunge lwezintambo ezimbili olunikezwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa noma 1.5 sonyaka | Kunconywe abasebenzi bezempilo, amadoda alala nabesilisa (MSM) , abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezijova (IDUs), abantu abanesifo esingenabuhlungu besifo sesibindi, nabantu abahamba ngezinyathelo zomhlaba abanezinga eliphakeme le-HAV (okungenani amasonto amabili kuya kwamane ngaphambi ukuhamba). |
I-Hepatitis B (HBV) | Uchungechunge lwezinyanga ezimbili, ezintathu, noma ezine ezinezinyanga ezine noma eziyisithupha | Kunconywe bonke abantu abadala abane-HIV ngaphandle uma kukhona ubufakazi bokuzivikela (ukutheleleka kwangaphambilini) noma ukutheleleka okusebenzayo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokugoma ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi impendulo ye-HBV yansuku zonke yanele. Uma kungenjalo, ukudubula okungeziwe kungadingeka. |
Uchungechunge lwezintathu ezintathu esikhathini esingangezinyanga eziyisithupha noma amanani amane ngaphezu konyaka owodwa | Kungasetshenziswa kulabo abafuna kokubili ukugoma kwe-HAV ne-HBV. | |
I-Haemophilus Influenzae Uhlobo B (I-HiB) | Isithombe esisodwa | Kungabhekwa ngabanye abantu abavikelekile ekuzivikelweni emzimbeni engozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (kubandakanya i-bacterial meningitis). Xoxa nodokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo. |
Uchungechunge lwezintathu ezintathu ngaphezu kwenyanga eyisithupha | Kunconywa ngamadoda amasha eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, abesifazane abasha abaneminyaka engama-26 ubudala, amadoda alala namadoda (MSM), abantu abanamasosha omzimba athintekile abaneminyaka engama-26 uma bengakaqediwe ngokuphelele lapho bebancane. Akunconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. | |
Umthamo owodwa ngonyaka | Kunconywe bonke abantu abadala abane-HIV, nakuba kuphela imishanguzo yegciwane lengculaza okufanele ilawulwe. Gwema imishanguzo ye-spray flu. | |
Isibhamu esisodwa noma ezimbili | Kunconywe ngabantu abadala abane-CD4 ababala ngaphezu kwamaseli angu-200 / mL. Akudingeki kubantu abazalwa ngaphambi kuka-1957. Kunconywe abafundi bekolishi noma abantu abahamba ngezindawo zomhlaba eziye zanda amanani alezi zifo ezithwala amagciwane (kufaka phakathi i-meningococcal meningitis). Kungadingeka ukuthi iphinde iphinde iminyaka emihlanu uma isengozini yokutheleleka. | |
I-pneumococcal (i-pneumonia yebhaktheriya) | Isibhamu esisodwa noma ezimbili | Kunconywe bonke abantu abadala abane-HIV masinyane emva kokuba i-HIV itholakale, ngaphandle kokuba ukugonywa kwenzeke phakathi neminyaka emihlanu. Uma ukugonywa kunikezwa uma inani le-CD4 yomuntu lingaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-200 / mL, goma futhi uma isibalo se-CD4 singaphezu kuka-200 amaseli / mL. Phinda isikhathi esisodwa emva kweminyaka emihlanu. |
Isithombe esisodwa | Phinda njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. | |
I-Tetanus, i-Diphtheria ne-Pertussis (i-Tdap) | Isithombe esisodwa | Kunconyelwe wonke umuntu omdala oneminyaka engu-64 ubudala noma omncane futhi kufanele anikezwe esikhundleni se-TD booster elandelayo. Inganikwa ngokushesha ngemuva kweminyaka emibili emva kokugcina kwe-Td booster kwabasebenzi bezempilo kanye nabantu abasondelene nabantwana abangaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-12. |
Ama-two-dose uchungechunge amasonto amane kuya kwangu-8 | Kunconywe ngabantu abadala abane-CD4 ababala ngaphezu kwamaseli angu-200 / mL. Akudingeki ukuba umuntu ngamunye azalwe ngaphambi kuka-1980. Akunconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Njengomuthi wokugoma ophikisiwe, akufanele usetshenziswe kubantu abanezibalo ze-CD4 ngaphansi kwama-200 amaseli // mL. |
> Imithombo:
> UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu (DHHS). "Ukugonywa Kunconywe Ngezifo Eziphezulu Zengculazi." Washington, DC; Julayi 1, 2014.
> Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuVimbela (CDC). "Imibuzo ye-Hepatitis A ye-Hepatitis A yezokwelapha." I-Atlanta, Georgia; NgoJulayi 8, 2014.
> Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuVimbela (CDC). "Ukuvimbela Nokulawula I- Haemophilus influenzae Uhlobo b Izifo: Izincomo zeKomidi Eluleka Ngezindlela Zokugoma (ACIP)." Ukufa kanye nokubika kweMasonto onke (MMWR). Februwari 28, 2014; 63 (RR01): 1-14.
> Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuVimbela (CDC). "I-HPV Vaccines." I-Atlanta, Georgia; NgoJulayi 8, 2014.
> Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuVimbela (CDC). "Izincomo Zokubuyekezwa Zokusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yokugonywa Kwe-Meningococcal Conjugate. Ikomidi Lezincomo Emisebenzini Yokugoma (ACIP), 2010." Ukufa kanye nokubika kweMasonto onke (MMWR). NgoJanuwari 28, 2011; 60 (03): 72-76.