Izingozi kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo nolimi
Umdlavuza womlomo wuhlobo lomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo othinta umlomo. Ingafaka emgqeni wehlathi, izinsini, ukuphahla komlomo, ulimi, nezindebe.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Umdlavuza womlomo nolimi uvame ukubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkinga zobungozi.
Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala - Mhlawumbe into ebaluleke kakhulu engozini yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza womlomo ukusetshenziswa kogwayi. Ukubhema ugwayi, ugwayi kanye namapayipi konke kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo nolimi.
Ugwayi ongenalimi, ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi "ukudibanisa" noma "ukuhlafuna," ukhulisa ingozi.
Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala komunye umkhuba ohambisana nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza womlomo.
I-papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV) - Ucwaningo lubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukutheleleka nge- papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV) kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi i-HPV njengamanje ibangela amaphesenti angu-72 ekhansela ngemuva komphimbo. I-HPV igciwane elidluliselwa ngoxhumana naye ngokocansi, njengokuxhumana kocansi ngesikhumba, ukulala nomzimba wesitho sangasese, kanye nobulili bomlomo.
Izimpawu
Odokotela bamazinyo manje sebehlola iziguli ngomdlavuza womlomo ngenkathi kuhlolwa, kodwa nokuqaphela izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo kubalulekile futhi. Lokhu kungafaka:
- I-sore noma i-blister emlonyeni wakho noma emlonyeni wakho ongapheli ngemva kwamasonto amabili
- Isilonda olimini noma ematheni
- Amathrekhi amhlophe nokubomvu emlonyeni noma ezindebeni ezingaphululi
- Ukuhlwitha okuvela emlonyeni okungahambisani nokulimala
- Ushintsho endleleni amazinyo afana ngayo, kufaka phakathi ukuthi amazinyo afaneleka kanjani, noma amazinyo avulekile ngenxa yokuvuvukala komhlathi noma ubuhlungu
- Amacici okuqhubekayo
- Kunzima ukugwinya, ukuhlafuna, ukukhuluma noma ukuhambisa ulimi
Ukuxilongwa
Uma uchwepheshe wakho wokunakekelwa kwempilo athola noma yini esolisayo emlonyeni wakho noma ngolimi lwakho, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabikho noma ukutholakala komdlavuza.
Lokhu kungenziwa ngokwenza i-biopsy yezindawo ezingavamile zomlomo. I-biopsy isusa amancane amathishu adluliselwa ebhokisini lobungqabavu lokuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Uma umdlavuza utholakala, isigaba sesi sifo sesinqunyiwe. Ukugxila kubhekisela ekutheni umdlavuza womlomo ususakaze kangakanani. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo njengama-x-rays yamazinyo, i- endoscopy , nezinye izivivinyo zengqondo kungasetshenziswa ukucacisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kangakanani.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo kuncike kakhulu esigabeni sesifo. Uhlobo olungaphezu kweyodwa yokwelapha lungasetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza womlomo. Kubalulekile ukuthola udokotela owaziwa ekwelapheni ukwelashwa ngomlomo futhi ukubuza imibuzo eminingi. Cabanga ukuthola umbono wesibili esikhungweni esikhulu somdlavuza . Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ungathanda ukubona udokotela owenze ukuhlinzekwa kwezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-200 kunomuntu owenzile 2. Ngisho noma umdlavuza ungasuswa ngokugcwele - ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka uphuluke - inani ukukhubazeka okwedlule kungahlukahluka kuye ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwesigqila sakho.
Khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo umdlavuza uthola ukuthi uvame ukukhula kancane, futhi isikhathi esiningi akudingeki siphathwe ngokushesha.
Ngokuqinisekile, kubonakala kungcono ukuba umdlavuza wakho ususwe ngokushesha kunakamuva, kodwa uthathe isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ukwelashwa kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ungummeli wakho siqu ekunakekelweni komdlavuza wakho , futhi uthole ukwelashwa okungcono kunokwenzeka. Izindlela zokwelapha zifaka:
Ukuhlinzwa - Ukwelapha ukususa izicubu zomdlavuza kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha umdlavuza womlomo. Kwabanye abantu, ukuhlinzekwa yilona uhlobo olulodwa lwezokwelapha oludingekayo; abanye, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation kungadingeka. Kwezinye izimo, i-lymph nodes entanyeni ingasuswa futhi.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa - Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zemisipha ephezulu yamandla okushisa izidumbu noma ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
I-radiation therapy isebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA yesifo somdlavuza, okwenza ingakwazi ukuphindaphindeka. Nakuba ukwelapha imishanguzo kungaphazamisa amangqamuzana aphilile aseduze, amangqamuzana omdlavuza azwela kakhulu emisebeni futhi efa lapho ephathwa. Amangqamuzana anempilo awonakele ngesikhathi sokushisa imisebe aqinile futhi ngokuvamile akwazi ukululama ngokugcwele.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa kwemisebe yilezi zindlela zokwelapha imisebe yangaphandle kanye nomswakama wangaphakathi wensimbi, obizwa ngokuthi i-brachytherapy. Imisebe yangaphandle ye-beam ingavamile kakhulu kunemisebe yangaphakathi yezinyosi ekwelapheni umdlavuza womlomo. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu emisebeni yokukhipha imisebe yikhathala kanye nokuqhuma okufana nokushisa kwelanga. Ukushisa kwekhanda nentamo kungase kubangele ukulahleka kwezinwele, okungafani nokulahlekelwa kwezinwele kusuka kumakhemikhali, ngokuvamile kuhlala njalo.
I-Chemotherapy - I- Chemotherapy ingase ibekwe ukuba kuncishiswe ubukhulu be-tumor ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwama-radiation noma ukuhlinzwa noma kunganikezwa ngokuhambisana nemithi yokwelashwa. Lapho i- chemotherapy inikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kunciphise ubukhulu bomdlavuza kuthiwa yi-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Uma unikezwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo ukuze kuqedwe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana asele angabonakali ekuhlolweni kwe-imaging, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant therapy.
Njengoba amangqamuzana e-chemotherapy ehlasela amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha njengamaseli omdlavuza, nawo athatha amangqamuzana avamile akhula ngokushesha njengalawo asemnkantsheni wamathambo, i-tract of the stomach and follicles izinwele. Ukwelashwa okujabulisayo ngemiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu, kanti ngenkathi izinwele zisekhona, abantu abaningi abahlangabezane nokuhlukunyezwa okubi nokuhlanza okwakuyinkinga ngale ndlela yokwelashwa.
Ngemuva kokwelapha
Kutholakale ukuthi abantu abaphathwa ngempumelelo ngomdlavuza womlomo banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibili endaweni ethile emlonyeni womlomo noma emathunjini emathunjini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, manje kunconywa ukuthi abantu abenziwa ukwelashwa baphathwe ngonyaka wemithi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-isotretinoin ukuzama ukunciphisa le ngozi.
Isibikezelo
Ukuchazwa kwemithi yesifo somdlavuza kuvamile kakhulu kodwa kuncike esiteji. Ngesigaba se-I kanye nesigaba sesibili se-cancer, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda singama-90 kuya ku-100% uma siphathwa ngokuhlinzwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwelapha imishanguzo. Izinga lokusinda lihle kakhulu kulabo abanesifo sesigaba sesi-III nesigaba IV, kepha ngokuhlinzwa kanye nokwelapha imisebe, abantu abangaphezu kwesigamu futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abangaba ngu-90% (kuye ngezici eziningana) bazuze ukulawula okuhle kwesikhathi eside izifo.
Ukuvimbela
Ukugwema izici ezibangelwa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo kuyindlela engcono yokuvimbela lesi sifo. Amacala amaningi omdlavuza womlomo ahlobene nokubhema nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, ngakho ukugwema imikhuba emibili kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela.
Ukuchayeka kwelanga kungahlobene nomdlavuza wezindebe, ngakho-ke ukuhlala ngaphandle kwelanga nokugqoka i-lip ibhula eliqukethe i-sunscreen kubalulekile.
Ukusebenzisa ubulili obuphephile kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza womlomo, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi umgomo we-HPV unciphise inani labantu abathola umdlavuza womlomo esikhathini esizayo. Umgomo wokugonywa kwe-HPV unconywa izingane ezineminyaka engama-11 no-12, kepha zinganikezwa zincane ezineminyaka engu-9 ubudala, noma zingeneminyaka engu-26 ubudala.
Ukuvakashela amazinyo akho njalo kungasiza ekutholeni kuqala umdlavuza womlomo. Udokotela wamazinyo wakho uqeqeshelwe ukubuka nokuzwa ngezibonakaliso zesifo. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo kunomthelela ekuhloleni ukubonwa komlomo nama-rays x-rays. Amathuluzi wokuhlola omusha afana ne- VELscope avumela odokotela ukuba babheke kahle izibonakaliso zomdlavuza womlomo okungase kungabonakali iso. Lezi zindlela zokuhlola zokuqala zinconywa kakhulu kulabo abasengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza womlomo, njengalabo ababhema noma abaphuza utshwala.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Link Between HPV ne Cancer. Kubuyekezwe 09/30/15.
I-National Cancer Institute. Lip Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Ukwelashwa - Health Professional Version (PDQ). Kubuyekezwe 09/25/15.