I-Anatomy ne-Physiology ye-Layer Ngaphansi Yesikhumba
Iyini i-hypodermis noma ingqimba engaphansi kwesikhumba? Uhlobo luni lwesishukela lokhu (isisu nesakhiwo) futhi yini injongo yayo (umzimba noma umsebenzi)? Lokhu kubaluleka kanjani ekugugeni, futhi yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta i-hypodermis? Iyiphi inqubo yokuhlinzwa yasepulasitiki eyenziwa kulolu ungqimba ukuze unciphise izimpawu zokuguga?
Sibutsetelo
I-hypodermis ingqimba elingaphakathi (noma elijulile) nelincane kunesikhumba.
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi isendlalelo esingaphansi noma izicubu ezingaphansi.
Izingxenye zesikhumba zihlanganisa i- epidermis (ungqimba olungaphandle), i- dermis (isendlalelo esilandelayo esithwala imithwalo yegazi nemisipha), bese i-hypodermis.
Anatomy kanye nesakhiwo
I-hypodermis iqukethe amaseli eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fibroblasts, izicubu ze-adipose (ama-fat cells), izicubu ezixhunyiwe, izinzwa ezinkulu nemithambo yegazi, nama- macrophages , amaseli ayingxenye yesistimu yomzimba nokusiza umzimba wakho ukhululeke kwabangenayo.
Ubukhulu be-hypdermis buhluka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba futhi kungahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abahlukene. Eqinisweni, ukuqina kwe-hypodermis kunendima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni phakathi kwabantu besilisa nabesifazane. Emadodeni ama-hyperdermis aqina kakhulu esiswini nasemagxeni, kanti kulaba besifazane kunzima kakhulu ezinkalweni, emathangeni nasezintweni.
Umsebenzi (Physiology)
I-hypodermis ingase ibhekwe njengezicubu ezisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuze kugcinwe amafutha, kodwa kuneminye imisebenzi ebalulekile futhi.
Lemisebenzi ihlanganisa:
- Ukugcina amafutha (isitoreji samandla)
- Ukuvikelwa (cabanga izintambo futhi uhlale esihlalweni esinzima)
- Ukuhlanganisa izigcawu zesikhumba ezingaphezulu (i-dermis ne-epidermis) ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwamathambo kanye ne-cartilage, nokusekela izakhiwo ngaphakathi kwalolu luhlu ezifana nemivimbo nemithambo yegazi
- Umtsetfo wokushisa komzimba - Lo ungqimba usebenza njenge-insulator, unikeza ukuvikeleka emakhazeni, futhi uvikela umzimba ngokushisa kanye nokuthuthumela.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone - I-hormone leptin ifihlwe ngamaseli amafutha ukutshela umzimba sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka ukudla.
Izimo ezithinta i-Hypodermis
Kunezinkinga eziningana zezokwelapha nezinqubo zokwelapha ezihlobene nalesi sici esingavamile sesikhumba:
I-Hypothermia and Overheating - Ukunciphisa i-hypodermis eneminyaka yobudala kungenye yezizathu ezenza abantu asebekhulile banamathele kakhulu kwi-hypothermia. Uma ushisa kakhulu, lezi zindaba azihle kakhulu. Ukunciphisa i-hypodermis kungase kusho ukuthi uzithuthukisa kancane, futhi ukungabi nokuthuthumela kubalulekile ezimweni ezinjengokushisa nokushisa kwesibindi.
Izilonda - Nakuba imithi eminingi inikezwa ngaphakathi, ezinye zijojelwe ngaphakathi kwe-hypodermis (ungqimba ongaphansi komzimba). Izibonelo zemithi enganikezwa nge- subQancer (subQ) injection zibandakanya i-epphephrine yokuphendula okweqile, ezinye izigciwane, i-insulini, imithi ethile yokuzala, imithi ethile yamakhemikhali, i-hormone yokukhula, kanye nezidakamizwa zokulwa nezifo ezinjenge-Enbrel. Imithi ehlinzekwa nge-injection subcutaneous iyancipha kancane kunezidakamizwa ezinikezwe umjovo wokugcoba, okwenza imijovo ye-subQ ibe umzila omuhle wezidakamizwa eziningi.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile - Amafutha omzimba okweqile atholakala e-hypodermis, ungqimba oluthole ukunakwa okuningi eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yesilinganiso sokukhula sokukhuluphala , futhi umcabango ongewona wonke amafutha omzimba ulingana-okungenani ngokuqondene nendima okungenzeka ukudlala ku- syndrome ye-metabolic nesifo senhliziyo .
I-Hypodermis nokuguga
Ngenkathi i-hypodermis ingabonakali, ingaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo ekubukeni kwesikhumba nendlela ukuguga kuthinta ngayo isikhumba, ikakhulukazi endaweni yobuso nentamo. Ngokuguga, umthamo wezinhla zesibuso usinciphisa futhi kunezicubu ezincane ezisekelayo ukusekela i-turgor evamile nokuqina kwesikhumba. Isikhumba sobuso siqala ukuqhuma futhi sagcina ukubukeka okungahunyushwa njengokubonakala kukhathele. Amathambo nemisipha ebusweni nayo ilahlekelwa ivolumu.
I-Hyaluronic Acid Fillers yokuguga
Ukulungisa ukulahlekelwa komthamo wobuso nokulwa nemiphumela yokuguga, i-hyaluronic acid fillers, esetshenziselwa ukushintshwa kwevolumu, ingafakwa.
I-Hyaluronic acid ihambisana nomzimba futhi ingaba isinqumo esihle sokugcwalisa ubuso. Itholakala ngokwemvelo emzimbeni enezingxube eziphezulu ezicubu ezithambile ezithintayo kanye nomswakama ozungezile amehlo. Ibuye itholakala ku- cartilage kanye namanzi ahlangene.
Umjovo we-hyaluronic acid filler uzosekela izakhiwo zobuso nezicubu ezilahlekelwe ivolumu nokuqina. Isebenza njenge-volumizer ngokuletha amanzi phezu kwesikhumba, okwenza kubonakale kunesidingo futhi kuhlanzekile. It plumps futhi uphakamisa izihlathi, ama-jawlines namathempeli. I-filler nayo ingagcwalisa izindebe ezincanyana nezandla ezinde eziqale ukugwinya.
Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi ingavamile, kunezingozi zokufakelwa kwe-hyaluronic acid. Kukhona ingozi yokuphendula okweqile, futhi-ke, umphumela wezithokozi kungenzeka ukuthi awunjalo yilokho obekulindele.
Ngezansi ku-Hypodermis
Ngenkathi abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi i-hypodermis ingumcabango wesikhumba ogcina amafutha, kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni izinga lokushisa komzimba kanye neminye imisebenzi.
Imithombo:
Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, uJon C. Aster noJames A. Perkins. I-Robbins ne-Cotran Pathologic Basic of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Phrinta.