Ukuphumelela Kanjani Ukuvivinya Umzila Ukuthola Ukuhlushwa?
Ukuhlolwa Kwemoto (TMT) ithuluzi lokuhlola elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuwohloka komqondo ngokuhlola ukuqonda-ikhono lokucabanga, ukucabanga, nokukhumbula. I-TMT inezingxenye ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Tracking Making Part A kanye ne-Test Making Making Part B. I-TMT iyivivinyo esifike ngesikhathi futhi umgomo ukuqedela ukuhlolwa ngokunembile futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izingxenye Zesivivinyo
Ingxenye A
Ingxenye ye-TMT iqukethe imibuthano engu-25 ephepheni lezinombolo ezinezinombolo 1-25 ezibhaliwe ngezikhathi emibuthanweni. Umsebenti we-test taker uqale ngenombolo eyodwa bese udweba umugqa kusuka kulowo mbuthano ukuya embuthanweni nenomboro emibili kuwo kumbuthano nalawo abathathu kuwo, njll. Umuntu uyaqhubeka nokuxhuma imibuthano ngokulandelana kwamanani kuze kube yilapho efika inombolo 25.
Ingxenye B
I-TMT Ingxenye B inemibuthano engu-24 ephepheni, kodwa kunokuba yonke imibuthano equkethe izinombolo, isigamu semibuthano sinombalo 1-12 kuwo futhi enye ingxenye (12) iqukethe izinhlamvu ze-AL. Umuntu othatha ukuhlolwa unomsebenzi onzima kakhulu wokudweba umugqa kusuka kumbuthano owodwa kuya olandelayo ekukhuphukeni; Kodwa-ke, kumele aguqule imibuthano enezinombolo kuzo (1-13) nemibuthano enezinhlamvu kuzo (AL). Ngamanye amazwi, kufanele axhume imibuthano ngendlela efana nalokhu: 1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E njalonjalo.
Ukuphathwa kokuhlola
Ukuze unikeze lesi sivivinyo, nikeza i-test ukuthatha iphepha ngemibuthano kuyo, chaza izikhombisi-ndlela bese ubonisa ekhasini lesampula ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani Ingxenye A. Khona-ke, tshela lo muntu ukuthi aqale ukuhlolwa nokuzinika isikhathi. Phinda izinkombandlela zeNgxenye B, uphinde ubonise ekhasini lesampula ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani ingxenye yeNgxenye B.
Uma lo muntu engakwazi ukuqedela ukuhlolwa ngemva kwemizuzu emihlanu, ungayeka ukuhlolwa.
Iphutha lokuthatha isilingo
Uma uqhuba ukuhlolwa kwe-TMT, uma kwenzeka iphutha, umlawuli kufanele atshele lo muntu ngokushesha futhi abuyele ipenseli kumbuthano wokugcina olungile.
Ukulinganisa
Ukuhlolwa Kwemoto Kuthola ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuqedela ukuhlolwa. Uma umuntu enza iphutha ekuvivinyweni, ayikho ushintsho kumaphuzu ngaphandle kokuthi yenza isikhathi sokuqedela isikhathi eside njengoba umuntu ebuyela emuva kumbuthano wangaphambilini, ngaleyo ndlela ethula isikhathi sabo.
Izikolo ezamukelekayo
Ngokwezikhombisi ze-TMT zokuphatha, amaphuzu aphakathi kwe-TMT Ingxenye A yimizuzwana engu-29 kanti amaphuzu alamandla angaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-78.
I-TMT Ingxenye B, amaphuzu aphakathi kwamasekhondi angu-75 futhi amaphuzu alamandla angaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-273.
Imiphumela ye-TMT itholakele ukuthi ithonywe kakhulu ngobudala; njengoba abantu bekhula, badinga isikhathi eside ukugcwalisa i-TMT. Iminyaka eminingana yemfundo lowo muntu owamukelwe kancane kancane imiphumela.
Ukusebenza kokuhlola
I-TMT inaka ukunakekelwa, ikhono lokuhlola lokubukwa kanye nejubane lokucubungula, futhi kuyisilinganiso esihle sokusebenza kokuqaphela konke.
Ingxenye A isilinganiso esihle sememori ye-rote . Ingxenye B ivame ukuzwela kakhulu ukusebenza okuphezulu kusukela kuvivinyo kudinga amakhono amaningi ukuyiqedela. I-TMT Ingxenye B nayo iphakanyisiwe njengethuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlola uma othandekayo one-dementia engakwazi ukushayela ngokuphepha ngoba idinga ikhono lokubona , imishini esebenzayo kanye nezinqubo zokuqonda.
I-Oral Trail Making Test
Ukuhlolwa Kwemoto Kungasetshenziswa futhi ngomlomo. Esikhundleni sokumnika umuntu iphepha kanye nepeni, ungamcela lowo muntu ukuba abale kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-25 (Ingxenye A). Ngengxenye B, lo muntu ucelwa ukuba afunde izinombolo nezinhlamvu, ngokuphambana phakathi kwezinombolo nezinhlamvu ezinjengalezi: 1-A-2-B-3-C njll.
Inguqulo yomlomo ye-TMT ingaba ithuluzi esheshayo lokuhlola ukuqonda lapho umuntu engakwazi ukukwenza ukuhlolwa okulotshiwe noma ezimweni ezifana nesibhedlela lapho ukugula nokukhathala kungathinta imiphumela ebhaliwe.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izinzuzo
Ikhululekile ukuyisebenzisa, kanti ezinye izivivinyo zidinga ukufaka izindleko njalo lapho zinikezwa.
Kancane, kuthatha imizuzu engaba mihlanu kuphela ukuphatha.
Ingxenye B iboniswe ukuthi iyisilinganiso esihle sokusebenza okuphezulu. Izivivinyo ezilinganisa kuphela inkumbulo noma ikhono lokuthola amagama lingaphuthelwa ukusebenza okusebenzayo okungaziphathi kahle futhi ngaleyo ndlela lingaboni izinhlobo ezithile zokucindezeleka komqondo .
I-Cons
Ubudala obudala buba nomthelela ekusebenzeni, ngisho noma kungabikho ukukhubazeka okucatshangelwayo, kodwa lokhu akucatshangelwa emagoli.
Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi i-TMT ingabandakanyi inani elibalulekile labashayeli abakwaziyo uma lixhomeke kuphela ekuhloleni ikhono lokushayela, kanti ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi zilahlekelwe ezinye izinkinga ezingalimaza umshayeli noma labo abazungezile.
Izwi kusuka
Umzila owenza uhlolo A no-B ungaba ithuluzi eliwusizo ekuhloleni ukuqonda. Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokucabangela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-TMT iyivivinyo lokuhlola futhi kufanele ngokujwayelekile ingasetshenziselwa ukwahlukanisa ukuthola ukugula komqondo.
Imithombo:
I-Archives ye-Neuropsychology Clinic. 19 (2004) 203-214. Umzila owenza ukuhlolwa A no-B: Idatha ejwayelekile ehlanganiswe iminyaka nemfundo. www.usz.ch/non_cms/neurologie/HealthPro/Davos/normen_tmt.pdf
I-Neurology engqondweni. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwemitholampilo Ye-Oral Trail Ukuhlola. http://journals.lww.com/cogbehavneurol/Abstract/1996/01000/Clinical_Validation_of_the_Oral_Trail_Making_Test.7.aspx
Isikhungo sokuPhepha koMgwaqo kaZwelonke. Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha Ukuhlola Nokunxusa Abashayeli Abadala. http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/OlderDriversBook/pages/Chapter3.html
> I-Papandonatos G, i-Ott B, i-Davis J, i-Barco P, i-Carr D. Insiza yomtholampilo yokuhlolwa kwemigwaqo njengengqondo yokushayela ukusebenza kubantu abadala. I-Journal ye-American Geriatrics Society. 2015; 63 (11): 2358-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503623.
State of Alaska. UMnyango Wezokuphatha. >> Ukwenza Umzila Wokuhlola (TMT) Izingxenye A & B. http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/akol/pdfs/uiowa_trailmaking.pdf .