Ngokuyinhloko yamukelwa ukuthi i- HIV-1 yatholwa ngenxa yokuhlunga (noma ukuxuba) kwezinhlobo ezimbili ze-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) -yodwa kusuka kumacabey obomvu-anezinwele futhi enye evela kumakhulu amakhulu angenawo. I-SIV ehlanjululwe ngaleso sikhathi yayikholelwa ukuthi ilandele i-pan troglodytes izimpungushe e-Central Africa, eyabe isedluliselwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa ukuchayeka kwegazi nokuya kanye / noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-bushmeat.
Izifo Zoonotic
Izifo ze-Zoonotic-lezo eziqhamuka ezilwaneni eziya kubantu-azizona izenzakalo ezingavamile, ngokufakaza kobuciko obusakazayo obukhomba ukuthi ngisho nesimungumungwane, isifo sezinambuzane kanye ne-diphtheria kungase kube ngenxa yokutheleleka kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. I-Salmonellosis , igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elingase liqhubekele esimweni esichaza i- AIDS , yisibonelo esihle, ngokuvamile esiphumela ekungenizeni inyama, amaqanda noma imikhiqizo yobisi.
Ucwaningo olusha lwabaphenyi e-Oxford University luphethe ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi "ukungena" kwenzeka eKinshasa, inhloko-dolobha yaseDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC), kwenye indawo ngawo-1920 futhi kwakuwumthombo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza esazi namuhla.
Ukulandelwa Kwezakhi Zamafuzo Kuqinisekisa Isikhungo Sendawo
Ukuze kunqume lokhu, ososayensi baqhathanisa ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lwe-virus etholakala eCongo Basin, kuhlanganise ne-DRC neCameroon. Yini abaye bakwazi ukuyiqonda ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa izici zofuzo kanye nedatha yomlando, ukuqhuma akuzange kuqale eCameroon njengoba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, kodwa kwakuwumphumela wokusakazeka kwegciwane phakathi kweKinshasa neCameroon ngenxa yokuhweba komfula.
Abaphenyi ekugcineni baqinisekisile ukuthi igciwane elitholakala eKinshasa libonise ukuhlukahluka kofuzo lwe-HIV-1 kunanoma yikuphi okunye-okubangelwa ukusakazeka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu- kanye nokulandelana okudala kakhulu kwe-HIV-1.
Kusukela kuma-1920 kuya kuma-1950, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobhana okusheshayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitimela kwenza eKinshasa kube yimali yezokuthutha, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela ukusakazwa kwe-HIV-1 kulo lonke izwe futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kweMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika.
I-genetic footprint yashiywe phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukusabalaliswa kwegciwane kulo lonke elaseDRC (izwe elilingana nobukhulu beNtshonalanga Yurophu) njengoba abantu behamba emigwaqweni kanye nasemigwaqeni yamanzi ukuya emadolobheni aseMbuji-Mayi naseLubumbashi eningizimu neKisangani enyakatho .
Phakathi kwama-1950s no-1960, ukusebenzisa izinaliti ze-hypodermic ezingenakunyakazo emitholampilo yezifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi kanye nokukhula kwezohwebo kwezohwebo kwakuphakathi kwezici zokusakazeka kwegciwane, ikakhulu emiphakathini yezimayini lapho kwakukhona khona (futhi iyaqhubeka ) abasebenzi abakhulu abafudukayo.
Ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-20, izinhlelo zokuthutha ezivumela ukuthi igciwane 'lisakaze lingasebenzi kangako, kodwa akudingeki neze. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, imbewu yesibungu yayisetshenziswe kahle futhi isheshayo eya eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu ngenxa yokwandisa umoya nokuhamba olwandle.
Kwaze kwafika ngo-1981 ukuthi amacala okuqala e-AIDS abonakala e-US, elandelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi ngo-1983. Namuhla, ngenxa yengozi yomhlaba wonke, sekubangelwa ukutheleleka okungaba izigidi ezingama-75, okwenza kube ngaphezu kuka-30 izigidi zabantu abafa. Kusukela ngo-2016, i-United Nations Joint Program on Imibiko ye-HIV / AIDS ithi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-36 baziwa ukuthi bahlala nesifo emhlabeni jikelele.
Imithombo
I-Gao, F .; Ama-Baile, E .; I-Chen, i-Y .; et al. "Umsuka we-HIV-1 ku-Pan troglodytes ama-troglodytes." Imvelo . Ngo-February 4, 1999; 397 (6718): 385-386.
IBedford, uM .; Iwadi, A .; I-Tatem, J .; Sousa, et al. "Ukusabalalisa kokuqala nokushayeka kwesifo se-HIV-1 kubantu." Isayensi . Okthoba 3, 2014; 346 (6205): 56-61.
I-United Nations Joint Programme nge-HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). "Imibiko Yomhlaba Wonke - Umbiko we-UNAIDS ngomkhuhlane we-AIDS emhlabeni wonke 2013." 2013; I-Geneva, eSwitzerland.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Pneumocystis pneumonia - Los Angeles. " Ukubikwa Kwemithi Nokufa Kwamaviki Wemiviki (MMWR) ngo-1981; I-Atlanta, Georgia.
U-Barré-Sinoussi, F .; I-Chermann, J .; Rey, F .; et al. "Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-T-lymphotropic retroviru s kusuka esigulini esengozini yokuthola imithi yokuzivikela emzimbeni (i-AIDS)." Isayensi. Ngo-May 20, 1983, 220 (4599): 868-871.