Izizathu Zokuhlinzwa Akufanele Zisebenze Futhi Zitholakale Ezinye
Uma udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi umdlavuza wakho wamaphaphu awukwazi ukusebenza, lokho kusho ukuthini ngempela? Sizochaza ukuthi kungani ama-cancer amaningi amaphaphu angasebenzi, kodwa nokuthi kungani lokhu akusho ukuthi umdlavuza awuphefumulanga noma ngisho nokuphila okude isikhathi eside akunakwenzeka.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kushintshwe ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Futhi manje kukhona izinketho eziningi zokulawula lesi sifo ngisho nalapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki.
Sibutsetelo
Enye yezimiso ezididayo esizisebenzisayo uma sixoxa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu igama elithi "lingasebenzi." Leli gama lingasiza emithi, njengoba kusiza odokotela ukubeka abantu esigabeni. Ukungasebenzi kungasho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu akubhekwa njengendlela yokwelashwa engcono kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, kulabo abaphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu njengesiguli, la mazwi angazwakala ngokuphelele. Kungase kuzwakale njengezwi elimangazayo ekubulaweni.
Nakuba "umdlavuza wamaphaphu ongenakwenzeka" unomthelela omncane kunama-cancer wamaphaphu angaphathwa ngokuhlinzwa, isikhathi esiningi kunamanye amayeza angasetshenziswa. Ukwelapha okunjalo ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokulawula isikhathi eside isifo esifana nesokuhlinzwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungasebenzi, kungenzeka ukuthi uzosebenza esikhathini esizayo. Ngezinye izikhathi i-chemotherapy ne-radiation therapy inciphisa ubukhulu noma indawo yesikhumba ukuze ukuhlinzwa kwenzeke kamuva.
Lapho i-chemotherapy isetshenziswa ngale ndlela, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy."
Ukucatshangelwa
Ukuhlinzwa kungase kungabi ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngezizathu eziningana. Lezi zingabandakanya:
- Uhlobo lwe-Surgery luvame ukwenziwa kumdlavuza ongasona omncane wamaphaphu . Umdlavuza omncane wamangqamuzana omzimba uvame ukusabalalisa ekuqaleni nokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe kuphela izicubu ezincane kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kwesiteji kuvame ukubhekwa njengesiteji 1 , isigaba sesi-2 nesigaba 3A somdlavuza wesifo samangqamuzana omncane. Isigaba 3B kanye nesigaba 4 samaphavuza amaphaphu avame ukuphathwa ngezindlela ezingezona zokuhlinza, njenge-chemotherapy, imithi yokwelashwa, i-immunotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe.
- Indawo-Uma isisu sephaphu siseduze nezinhlaka ezibalulekile, ezinjengenhliziyo, izinketho zokwelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile zikhethwa.
- I-General Health-Ngenxa yobungozi obuhlobene nokuhlinzeka ngamaphaphu kanye ne-anesthesia jikelele, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingenza ukuhlinzwa kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Umsebenzi we-Lung - Uma ukuphefumula sekuvele kushintshwe yizimo ezinjenge- chronic obstructive disease (COPD) noma ezinye izifo zamaphaphu, ukuhlinzwa kunganciphisa umsebenzi wephaphu.
Ukwelapha
Ngisho noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubhekwa ungasebenzi, ezinye izinketho zokwelashwa eziningana zingatholakala.
I-Chemotherapy
Ama-cancer amaningi amaphaphu aphendula, okungenani kancane, ekhemotherapy .
I-Radiation Therapy
I-radiation ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isisu futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphilisa umdlavuza. Izindlela ezintsha ezintsha zokwelapha imishanguzo (ama-stereotactic radiation noma umshini we-cyber) ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu okuqala nemiphumela efana neyatholakala ngokuhlinzwa. Kulindeleke ukuthi lokhu kube yinto engcono nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
I-radiotherapy yomzimba ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereotactic radiotherapy (i-SBRT), ebizwa nangokuthi i-gamma ummese noma umshini we-cyber, iphinda isetshenziselwa ukulawula i-oligometastases. I-Oligometastatses yigama elikhulu elisho nje kuphela amamitha ayisithupha kuphela.
Isibonelo, uma umuntu enezibalo ezintathu emqondweni wakhe kusuka emdlalweni wamaphaphu, kungenzeka ukuthi angathola i-SBRT ukuze aphathe lezo zinsuku. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, njenge-chemotherapy, ezithintekayo zokwelashwa, noma i-immunotherapy zisetshenziselwa ukulawula umdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba.
Imithi ehlosiwe
Imithi ehlosiwe yimithi ehloselwe ukuhlasela umdlavuza ngokuqondile noma ukuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwegazi kwezicubu.
Isibonelo sokwelashwa okuhloswe ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu kusetshenziswa i-erlotinib yezinguquko ze- EGFR noma i-crizotinib yomdlavuza we- ALK-positive noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu omuhle we- ROS1 .
Lesi yisibonelo kuphela sezinguquko ezithintekayo ezitholakala kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu onomdlavuza we-cell wamaphaphu angewona amancane kufanele abe nokuprofiliswa kwamangqamuzana (ukuhlolwa kofuzo) okwenziwe esithombeni sakhe ukuze abone ukuthi bangabe baphethile kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindlela zokwelashwa.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha yokwelapha yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanti isidakamizwa sokuqala kulesi sigaba sesigunyazwe umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-2015. Ezinye izidakamizwa zitholakale kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngezidakamizwa ezengeziwe ezifundwayo ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo-kungaba yedwa noma ihlanganiswe ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezivela chemotherapy kuya emisebeni yokusebenzisa imithi ye-immunotherapy.
I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokuvuselela isimiso somzimba womzimba sokulwa nomdlavuza futhi singasebenza ngisho ne-cancer esiphezulu kakhulu yesigaba. Nakuba i-immunotherapy isebenza kuphela okwamanje ngamaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-30 wamanqamu wamapayipi, ingaba ngempumelelo kakhulu kulaba bantu. Ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi ezinye ze-oncologists zize zibuze ukuthi i-immunotherapy izokwazi yini ukwelapha abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wesigaba 4 wamaphaphu, igama elingakaze likhulunywe ngaphambili lapho likhuluma ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu ophakeme.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo
Abantu abaningi abatholakala benomdlavuza wamaphaphu abangenakusebenza bangakhetha ukubhalisa ekuhlolweni okuhlolwa kwemitholampilo ukuthi bahlole izidakamizwa noma inqubo entsha engakafiki kabanzi ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ulwazi lwezinhlobo nezigaba zokwelashwa kwemitholampilo , uhlu lwemibuzo okufanele ucatshangelwe, futhi izixhumanisi ezigciniwe ezixhunyiwe ku- intanethi kanye nezinsizakalo ezihambelana nezivivinyo zemitholampilo (lezi zikhululekile) zingakusiza ukunquma ukuthi isilingo somtholampilo sikulungile yini.
Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, wonke umuntu onomdlavuza wamaphaphu kufanele acabangele ukhetho lwezilingo zomtholampilo. Kungasisiza ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa nezinqubo esinazo zokwelapha zahlaziywa esikhathini esivivinyweni somtholampilo.
Izilingo eziningi zokwelapha ziyaqhubeka, zithembisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo ekwelapheni nasekuseni kwalesi sifo. Cabanga ukuthi phakathi kuka-2011 no-2015 izidakamizwa ezintsha ezengeziwe zamukelwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kunokuba zivunyiwe ngesikhathi seminyaka engama-40 ngaphambi kuka-2011. Kunethemba elikhulu.
Izwi elivela
Uma ukhathalela othandekayo ngomdlavuza ongaphazamiseki, ungase uzizwe ungesabi kuphela kodwa futhi ungenasici. Hlola lesi sihloko lapho umthandi wakho enomdlavuza wamaphaphu lapho abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu babelane ngalokho abafisa ukuthi abathandekayo babo bazi ngesifo sabo nemicabango yabo nemizwelo yabo. Futhi uma usanda kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza wamaphaphu , kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde lokho ongakwenza mayelana nesifo sakho, futhi.
> Umthombo:
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer-Can Not Cell Small: Izinketho zokwelashwa. 6/16.