Izimo Zakhe Zokugcina Namuhla
USamuel Heinicke wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 14, 1727, engxenyeni yeYurophu manje engxenyeni esempumalanga yeJalimane. Ngo-1754, waqala ukufundisa abafundi - kanti omunye wabo wayeyisithulu. Lokhu kubikwa ukuthi umfundi oyisithulu wayengumfana omncane. Wasebenzisa i- alfabhethi yezincwadi zokufundisa ukuthi umfundi oyisithulu.
Kodwa-ke, ifilosofi yokufundisa kaHeinicke yathonywa kakhulu incwadi ethi "Surdus loquens," noma "Izithulu Zokukhuluma," ngokuthi udokotela waseYurophu wafundisa kanjani izithulu ukuba zikhulume.
Le ncwadi ibike ukuthi yayingumuntu ogama lakhe lingu-Amman. Ngo-1768, wayefundisa umfundi oyisithulu e-Eppendorf, eJalimane. Izwi lisakaze ngokushesha ngokuthi uHeinicke uphumelele kangakanani ekufundiseni izithulu, futhi ngokushesha wathola abafundi abaningi abayizithulu.
Ukuqala ukusebenzisa indlela yomlomo
Ekuqaleni, uHeinicke wasebenzisa kuphela ukubhala, ukusayina nokubonisa isenzo sokufundisa kodwa kungekudala wayezwa ukuthi akwanele futhi waqala ukusebenzisa inkulumo nokukhuluma nge- lipreading ukuze afundise. Wafundisa inkulumo ngokuthi abafundi bazwe umphimbo. UHeinicke wazizwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukutholakala kolulwimi olukhulunywe kwakubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yokucabanga. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufanele asebenzise ulimi lwezandla nokugqoka kuze abafundi bakhe baphumelele ekufundeni ukukhuluma . Ngokusho okungenani isisetshenziswa esisodwa, u-Heinicke wayesebenze uMshini wolimi ukumelela izindlela zokukhuluma. Wasebenzisa nokudla ukufundisa inkulumo.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi - kusukela ngo-1773 kuya ku-1775 - wabhala izihloko zephephandaba ngemfundo yezizithulu.
UHeinicke wabhala mayelana nokusebenzisa kwakhe inkulumo ukufundisa abafundi abayizithulu futhi wabiza ngokuthi "Oralism." Ukufundisa izithulu zaba umsebenzi wesikhathi esigcwele kaHeinicke - ngokushesha wayengasenalo abafundi abazwayo - futhi wabhala incwadi yokufundisa izithulu.
Into ethakazelisayo ngoHeinicke yukuthi ngenkathi umsebenzi wakhe njengomfundisi oyisithulu uqhubeka, wayexhumana ngqo nomfundisi oyisithulu - u-Abbe de l'Epee, owayengu "uyise wolimi lwezandla" ngesikhathi uHeinicke eba "ubaba indlela yaseJalimane. " Empeleni kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde lezi zincwadi namuhla - I-Library yeCongress inezinsiza ezilandelayo:
Ukushintshaniswa kwezinhlamvu phakathi kukaSamuel Heinicke no-Abbe Charles Michel de l'Epee; i-monograph ezindleleni ze-oralist nezombhalo wokufundisa izithulu ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa ngesiNgisi izingxenye ezibalulekile zencwadi ngayinye [echazwe nguChristopher B. Garnett, Jr.
[Umhlaka wokuqala].
I-New York, iVantage Press [1968]
I-Library of Congress Inombolo Yocingo: HV2471 .H4 1968
Ukusungula iSikole Esingazizwa Ngaphandle
Ngo-1777, udumo lwakhe njengomfundisi oyisithulu lwakhiwa kahle kangangokuthi wacelwa ukuba avule isikole sokuqala (ngomlomo) esithulu somphakathi. Lesi sikole savuleka eLeipzig, eJalimane futhi kwakuyisikole sokuqala sezithulu ezazihlonishwa nguhulumeni. Igama lokuqala lale sikolo laliyi "Electoral Saxon Institute for Mutes and Other People Abathintekayo Ngezimpikiswano Zezinkulumo," futhi namuhla liyaziwa ngokuthi "uSamuel Heinicke School for the Disp." Isikole, esiseKarl Siegismund Road 2, 04317 Leipzig, sisewebhu. Lewebhusayithi inesithombe sesikole, esikhishwe eminyakeni engu-225 yokuba khona entwasahlobo ka-2003 (lesi sikole sisekhaya nasemtatsheni wezincwadi ezilahlekile ekulahlekeni kokuzwa okungaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu ubudala).
Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nambili evula lesi sikole, wafa nomkakhe bathatha isikole.
Ngemva nje kokufa kwakhe, uHeinicke wahlonishwa yi-East Germany ngo-1978 ngesitembu sokuposa.
Izinsiza ezengeziwe
I-International Bibliography yolimi lwezandla ine-bibliography yeHeinicke. Imisebenzi eminingi ekhonjiwe i-German.
I-Library yeCongress inencwadi ekhuluma ngoHeinicke kuphela: Osman, Nabil.
USamuel Heinicke / uNabil Osman.
UMünchen: Nashorn-Verlag, ngo-1977.
29 k. ; 21 cm.
I-Library of Congress Inombolo Yocingo HV2426.H44 O85