1 -
Isinyathelo soku-1 se-5 - I-Joint Joint (Knee)Ibhande lihlanganiswa ngamathambo amabili, i-femur ne-tibia, ehlanganiswa ndawonye ngemigqa emine-i-ligament ye-collateral ligament, i-latal collateral ligament, i-anterior cruciate ligament, ne-posterior cruciate ligament.
I-patella (i-knee cap) iyingxenye ye-anatomy evamile yamadolo. Imikhawulo ye-femur ne-tibia, kanye ne-underside ye-patella, ihlanganiswe i-articular cartilage , indawo ephoqayo evumela ukunyakaza okungenasibindi, ukunyakaza okungenabuhlungu.
2 -
Isinyathelo sesi-2 se-5 - I-Synovial Fluid (I-Normal Knee Joint)Ukuhlanganiswa kwamadolo evamile kuvalwe i-membrane, i- synovium , eveza inani elincanyana lomswakama obukhulu, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-synovial fluid. I-synovial fluid iyasiza ukondla uqwanga futhi uhlale uyashesha. I-synovium ine-ungqimba ongaphandle onzima (i-capsule ehlangene) evikela futhi isekela ukujoyina .
3 -
Isinyathelo sesi-3 se-5 - I-Synovium ethintekayo (i-Rheumatoid Arthritis)Ku- arthritis ye-rheumatoid , isifo esizimele , umzimba uhlasela amalunga ayo. Amangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, ama-agent wesistimu omzimba omzimba , ahambele i-synovium futhi abangela ukuthi inqubo yokuvuvukala ivele, ebizwa ngokuthi i- synovitis esebenzayo. I synovium evuthayo ibangela ukufudumala , ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, nobuhlungu ngaphakathi nangokuzungezile okuhlangene okuthintekile.
Ngokucacile, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuvukala, i-synovium iyancipha futhi ibangela ukuba ukuhlanganyela kuvuleke. Njengoba i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid iqhubeka, amangqamuzana angavamile we-synovial ahlasela futhi asusa i-cartilage nethambo ngaphakathi kokujoyina. Imisipha, imijondolo kanye nezintambo ezizungezile ziyancipha .
4 -
Isinyathelo 4 ku-5 - Ukulimala Okuhlangene (i-Osteoarthritis of Knee)E- osteoarthritis, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-arthritis yokugqoka nokugqabhuka, ubuningi be-cartilage bubheke phansi futhi bugqoke . Ngezifo eziphambili, ukubola kwe-cartilage kungaba nzima kakhulu kangangokuba amathambo ehlangene abhekana ndawonye (okubizwa ngokuthi ithambo-on-bone ).
Ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nobubanzi obuncane bokuphumela komphumela . Ihlangene ingase ilahlekelwe ukuma kwayo evamile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ikhubazeke, futhi. I-Bone ihluma (ama-osteophytes) ingahlakulela eceleni kwemiphetho yehlangene. Ama-bits of bone noma i-cartilage angahle aphule futhi aqhube ngaphakathi kwendawo ehlangene, okwenza ubuhlungu nokulimala okungaphezulu (okungukuthi, izidumbu ezivulekile).
5 -
Isinyathelo sesi-5 se-5 - Indawo ethize ye-Knee PainIndawo yezinhlungu zamadolo ingaba nolwazi oluwusizo lapho uzama ukuthola ukutholakala okunembile. Ubuhlungu obubhekene namadolo bungabangelwa yi- bursitis , i- arthritis , noma i-softening ye-patella cartilage, njengase- chrondromalacia patella.
Ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwamadolo luvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokulimala emigodini yesigqila, i-arthritis, noma izinyembezi eziya kumadoda . Ubuhlungu ngemuva komdolo bungabangelwa i-arthritis noma i -cyst kaB Baker (ukuqoqwa kwe-synovial fluid ngemuva kwamadolo). Ukutheleleka kungase kube enye imbangela yezinhlungu zamadolo.
Ngenkathi indawo yobuhlungu begolo inikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile mayelana nombangela, ukuhlola izithombe (i-ray ray, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI) inikeza ubufakazi obonakalayo bokulimala nokungajwayelekile. Ukwelashwa okufanelekile kuncike ngokucacile ekuhloleni okuqondile kokubangela ubuhlungu bakho emadolweni.