Yini Efana Nokuthi Ungumntwana Wezingane Ezine-Autism?

Abazali Bangenza Kwenzeke Kakhulu Kangane Abantakwethu Banezingane Ezizimele

Abantwabantwana bezingane abanezidingo ezikhethekile banezinselele eziyingqayizivele-kanti izingane zakubo abanezingane ezine-autism azifani. Kodwa njengoba cishe konke okuhlobene ne- autism , isimo ngasinye sihlukile. Kwezinye izingane zakini, ukuphila nomzalwane noma udadewabo we-autistic kungaba nzima kakhulu. Kwabanye, kunamaphesenti aphezulu. Kukhona ngisho nezinye izingane ezibona i-autism yezingane zakubo njenge-plus esikhundleni sokuthi i-minus.

Naphezu kwalokhu umehluko, kunjalo, kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlanganyelwe nezinselele.

Izinselele Ezinkulu Ezibhekene Nabafowabo Bokuzalwa Abazali Bama-Autistic

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingane yakini i-autistic ingane icebile noma iyimpofu, ihlubukile noma iyakhathazeka, kunezinselelo ezithile ezihlangene.

1. Ukuthunjwa. Lokhu kungenye yezinselele ezinzima kakhulu ngoba zingokoqobo-futhi akunakwenzeka ukugwema. Izingane, uma zisenkulisa, ziyizigwegwe. Futhi, ngokungafani nabantu abadala, banesibopho sokudlulisa isinqumo ngokuzwakalayo, esidlangalaleni. Akekho ingane ekhulayo ethola kulula noma emnandi ukuzwa ontanga yabo bebuza ukuthi "yini engalungile nomfowenu?" noma uzwe "udade wakho ukhululekile!" Kodwa ingane engavamile kakhulu engazange izwe imibono enjalo. Njengoba bekhulile, izingane zakini zizodinga ukuphinda zibuke lolu daba lapho ziletha abangane basekhaya, zithole umngane womshado, noma zishade.
2. Izinketho ezikhawulelwe. Uma ingane yakini inayo i-autism, wonke umndeni kufanele ulungise. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane evame ukukhula ngokuqinisekile izocishe iphoqeleke kakhulu, ithi "cha" kaningi, futhi iguqa ezidingo zezingane zabo ezingavamile kanye nokuthanda kwabo. Isibonelo, izingane zakubo kumele zibuke ifilimu elifanayo izikhathi ezingu-50, hamba ekhaya kusukela kumcimbi ngaphambi kokuba zilungele, noma zithi "cha" ukuphonsa iqembu-nje ukuze uhlale nomfowabo noma udadewabo we-autistic. Njengoba bekhula, izingane zakubo zingathola ukuthi abazali bazo banesikhathi esincane noma imali yokusiza ekolishi, ukuthenga ikhaya, "ukwenza" umshado, nokunye.

1. Ukulindela Okukhulu. Uma kunelungu lomndeni elikhutshaziwe, amanye amalungu omndeni kufanele athamele epulatifheni-futhi ehlanganisa nabantwana bakithi. Izakhamuzi zengane ye-autistic (ngisho nalapho zisencane kakhulu) kungenzeka ukuthi ibuzwe ukuthi ikwazi ukuphatha imizwa yabo nezidingo zabo, ukuthatha imisebenzi eminingi yasendlini, noma ihlehlise izinjabulo zabo. Njengabantu abadala, izingane zakubo zingase zidingeke zithwale umthwalo wemfanelo obuningi bezingane zakubo njengoba abazali babo bengakwazi.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuhlangenwe nakho Okuhlangenwe nakho Kuhluke Kakhulu Kwabanye

Yebo, kunezinkinga ezithile ezabelwana ngazo-kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantwana bakithi bezingane ezizimele. Uma uhlanganisa iqembu lezingane ezivame ukukhula ezinabantwana bakithi be-autistic, uzozwa amaphuzu okubuka, okungafani kakhulu nezinselele. Nasi isizathu:

Izingane ezigunyazayo zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye .

Ngenxa yokuthi i-autism yinkinga enkulu kakhulu, izingane ze-autistic kanye nezintsha zingase zivele ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane zakubo zingathola ukuthi zilula noma zinselele kakhulu ekuhlaleni endlini efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• USibongane A uhlala nomzalwane othi, nakuba "kancane," kunenjabulo enkulu. Ngokuqinisekile, uphikelela kubalingiswa be-Disney futhi akanabo abangane bakhe-futhi yebo, ngezinye izikhathi uyaqhaqhazela ngenxa yesizathu esicacile. Kodwa unomusa, unakekela, futhi ujabulela ama-movie amaningi kanye nemisebenzi njengezingane zakubo. Yebo, kunezinselele-kodwa abazizwa benzima kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izindlela zingase zibe nzima kakhulu kunezinselele ezihlobene nomfowenu omdala, owamandla (kodwa okhulayo).
• ISibani B uhlala nodade ongeyena amazwi, onobudlova, futhi onesibopho sokubulala izinto ezungeze indlu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, isibhedlela B sibesabisa kakhulu ngokuphepha kwakhe. Ayikho indlela uSibling B ozoletha ngayo umngane endlini, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuphuma ngokuphepha nangomusa nodadewabo. Ukuphila ekhaya akuvamile ukuthi kube "okuvamile" futhi izinselelo zokuphila kwengqondo nezomzimba zikhona ngempela.

• U-Sibling C uhlala nomzalwane ohlakaniphile, oweqile futhi okhathazeka ngokweqile . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzalwane we-autistic wase-Sibling C usuvele ehlela imidlalo yemidlalo eneminyaka engu-8. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mzalwane ofanayo uyakhathazeka kakhulu, unezinselelo ezibucayi kakhulu, futhi uyithola ebuhlungu kakhulu ukuba abe esitolo, indawo yaseshashalazini, noma ngisho nomndeni ubuthane. U-Sibling C uyaziqhenya ngokufezeka komfowabo, kodwa kungakuthola kunzima ukuba nomfowabo, futhi akaqiniseki ukuthi uzokwenyuka nini. Ngenxa yalokho, ugwema umfowabo uma kunokwenzeka.

Izakwethu zihlukile komunye nomunye.

Yonke ingane iyingqayizivele, futhi izimpendulo zezingane ngabanye zokuba nabantwana be-autistic bazohlukahluka futhi.

Ngenkathi ingane eyodwa ingathola okuhlangenwe nakho okuvivinya nobunzima, omunye angayithola ithola.

Kulula yini ukuba ngumntwana omncane noma omdala wengane ene-autism? Kukhona ama-ups and downs ngamunye.

• Indodakazi encane yomntwana we-autistic akakaze aphile ngaphandle kwe-autism empilweni yakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi uthola kulula ukuphatha izinselelo ezihambisana nokuba nesibani se-autistic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, angase akuthole kunzima ukuzibeka emndenini njengomuntu onesidingo, izinselele, amakhono, kanye nezindinganiso zakhe.
• Umntanakho omdala wengane ene-autism angase akhungatheke lapho abazali bebheka ingane yakhe encane enezidingo ezikhethekile. Noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angase akuthole kulula ukuphatha lesi simo ngoba usevele usethe indawo yakhe emndenini, esikoleni nasemphakathini.

Izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuntu bungenza umehluko omkhulu. Kwezinye izingane zakini, ukuhlala nengane ye-autistic kungaba inhloni, kuyilapho abanye kuyithuba.

• Isibhedlela X sibucayi kakhulu futhi sithukuthele kalula. Ukuba nezingane ze-autistic ezenza imisindo engavamile, ukuphindaphinda amagama afanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe , nokuqhaqhaza ekudleni kudlulisela ilungelo lakhe phezu komngcele.
• USibling Z unesihawu futhi ujabulela ukuthola izindlela zokusiza udadewabo we-autistic ukuba aphathe izimo ezinzima. Kunokuba azizwe ecindezelekile, empeleni ujabulela ukuthola indlela yokusiza udadewabo ukuba azinqabise, azivelele futhi ahlanganyele nabanye.

Isimo sengqondo somndeni nezimo zihlukile komunye nomunye.

I-Autism eceleni, isimo sengqondo somndeni nezimo zingathinta kakhulu izingane. Engeza i-autism ekuxukeni, nezingxabano zomndeni ezivamile, izinselelo, amandla, nokuguquguquka kube yinto enkulu kakhulu. Kwalabo abathuthukayo ababelethi, ukuziphatha kwabazali kanye nemizwelo kungaba umthombo wokuzimela namandla-noma cha. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Umndeni A uhlanganisa ingane ene-autism. Abazali bomntwana bakhula eduze futhi basebenze ndawonye ukuze bathole izikole ezifanele, ezisekelwayo kanye nokuxhasa ngemali. Uma i-autism iba yindlala, iphendula ngokuthula, isingatha lesi simo, bese uhlangana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, basebenza kanzima ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi ngokuvamile ukukhulisa izingane zakubo basekelwa esikoleni nasemiphakathini yabo yokuphila-ngisho noma lokho ngezinye izikhathi kusho ukuthi abangane noma ukuthutha umphakathi bayingxenye yokuxuba. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ngaphandle kwe-autism ingase ifunde ukuthi izinselelo zingasetshenziswa futhi ziphathwe, futhi ukuthi ukuhlupheka akufanele kume endleleni yokuphila okugcwele, nothando.
• Umndeni B uhlanganisa ingane ene-autism. Abazali bomntwana basola omunye umunye nge-autism noma imiphumela yalo emkhayeni womndeni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bahlukana. Omunye umzali uvuselela ukugcinwa kwezingane zombili futhi uphelelwe amandla, uthukuthele futhi udidekile. Lapho i-autism iba yindabuko ekhaya, umzali uyaphuma emnyango noma ahambe ecasulayo . Ngenxa yalokho, ingane evame ukukhula ikhulela esimweni esibucayi futhi ingase ifunde ukuthi izinselele ziholela ekwehleni kokuphila komndeni.

Imali yomndeni iyahlukahluka.

Imali ingase ingathengi uthando, kodwa ingathenga izinto eziningi zomkhaya ohlala ne-autism. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi ube nemali encane kakhulu futhi usaqhubeka nokuphatha i-autism ngezingcindezi ezimbalwa ezingokomzwelo, akulula.

Ubumpofu kanye ne-autism kungaba umxube onzima kakhulu. Yebo, zikhona izinsiza ezitholakalayo kubazali abanezingane ezikhubazekile-kodwa lezo zinsiza kunzima ukufinyelela, ukukhathazeka ukuphatha, futhi kunganciphisa kakhulu kuye ngokuthi indawo yomndeni. Abazali abasebenza imisebenzi yehora abanalo ukuguquguquka okudingekayo ukuvakashela ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nama-ejensi wombuso phakathi namahora eviki. Abazali abangenawo amakhompyutha abo kanye nokufinyelela kwe-intanethi abanakho amathuluzi adinga ukucwaninga okukhethwa kukho futhi bathole ukwelashwa, izinsizakalo, noma ukwelashwa.

Abazali abanemali ebalulekile bangakwazi ukuthenga indlela yokuphuma kwezinye zezimpikiswano. Uma besebenza emisebenzini yezinga eliphakeme, banokuguquguquka okungaphezulu kokuya emibuthanweni, ukuya emihlanganweni, nokuphatha ama-ejensi nezinzuzo. Uma bengakufanelekeli izinsizakalo noma benqatshelwa izilungiselelo ezifunwayo zemfundo, bangakhokha abahlinzeki abazimele . Uma bezizwa bekhululekile, bangakwazi ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwempilo.

Lokhu umehluko kuthinta kanjani ukukhulisa izingane zakini? Kunezimpikiswano ezihlukahlukene:

• Uma imali izohlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinganeni ze-autistic, okungase kushiywe ezinye izingane. Izimali zaseKholeji zingase zibheke ekwelashweni kwe-autism, kanti imali yesibili yokukhokhela imali ingakhokhela izikole ezikhethekile noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngenxa yalokho, umntanakho ovamile ungase athukuthele abazali bobabili kanye no-autistic sibling.
• Uma sonke isikhathi esitholakalayo sisetshenziswa ekulawuleni izinsizakalo noma ukunakekelwa kwezingane ezizimele, umntfwana angase azizwe elahliwe noma enganakiwe. Lokhu, futhi, kungaholela ekufutheni noma intukuthelo.
• Uma abazali bexhaswe yisikhathi namandla okudingeka bakwazi ukuphatha izinsizakalo zezingane ze-autistic, zingase zibe namandla okushiya umsebenzi wesikole, ukuqeqesha, ukushisa noma ezinye izinto ezijwayelekile zomzali.
• Abazali abanesikhathi esincane noma imali abaningi abanalo imithombo abayidingayo ukuze bahlale behambisana nemisebenzi kanye nezidingo zakini. Kungenzeka bangaboni izinkinga esikoleni, izinkinga ezingokomzwelo, noma izimo zokuziphatha eziyingozi.

Ukulindela okufakwe kubantakwethu kuyahlukahluka.

Yini ekulindeleke kwengane enezingane ezizenzekelayo? Impendulo izoxhomeka kakhulu ekutheni usayizi womndeni wakhe, izimali, isizinda samasiko kanye nokuzinza ngokomzwelo. Impendulo izophinde ishintshe njengoba i-autistic nezingane ezijwayelekile zikhula-futhi abazali abakwazi ukuphatha izinto ngokwabo.

• Emndenini omkhulu owandisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi bakwazi futhi bazimisele ukusiza ukunakekela ingane ye-autistic. Emndenini omncane kakhulu, umntwana okhulayo angacelwa ukuba athathe umthwalo wemfanelo ebantwaneni bawo be-autistic. Lokhu kulindela kungakhula njengoba abazali bekhula, kuze kube yilapho umntanakho ojwayelekile ekulindeleke ukuba abe ngumnakekeli omdala "kumntwana" omdala.
• Emndenini ocebile, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhokhele abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kweziphephelo noma ngisho nokusekelwa ngokuphila ngaphakathi komuntu nge-autism. Ezimweni ezingavamile, leli zinga lokusekela linganikezwa nge-ejenti. Ezimweni eziningi, noma kunjalo, abazali noma abasebenzi abesekelayo banganikeza ukusekela okungama-24/7. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane ye-autistic idinga ukwesekwa okungama-24/7, kunethuba elihle ukuthi umntakwethu uzodinga ukuyihlinzeka-okungenani isikhathi esithile.
• Esimweni samanje saseMelika, akuyona into engavamile ukuba amalungu omndeni ahambe ngendlela yawo. Izakhamuzi zingase zithuthele izwe lonke noma iphasi, ngenkathi abazali beqhubeka benakekela "ingane" omdala nge-autism. Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba (noma emiphakathini yasemaphandleni), imindeni ihlala eduze komunye nomunye. Lapho imindeni ihlala isondelene, kungenzeka ukuthi iningi lokuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo yengane ene-autism njengoba ekhula.

Indlela Yokusiza Ingane Yakho Ekhulayo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zakho ziphi, futhi noma yiziphi amakhono nezinselele zezingane zakho ze-autistic, kubalulekile ukugcina izidingo zakho ezinganeni ezikhulayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhubazeka emndenini akuyona into embi njalo. Njengoba kunikezwe izimo ezifanele, ingane enezingane ezizimele ikwazi ukuthola amandla amakhulu. Uzwela, umthwalo wemfanelo, ukuguquguquka kwemvelo, ukuhlakanipha kanye nomusa kungatholakala konke okuhlangenwe nakho.

Nazi ezinye amathiphu okuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho evamile inomphumela omuhle:

1. Phatha i-autism njengengxenye yokuphila-into yokuqonda nokuphendula, kunokuba into ongakugwema ukuyikhuluma noma ukucabanga ngayo. Fundisa zonke izingane zakho ngokuthi yi-autism, nokuthi akuyini.
2. Phatha zonke izingane zakho ngenhlonipho, futhi uhloniphe imodeli yengane yakho ye-autistic.
3. Qaphela ukuthi ingane yakho evame ukukhula idinga ukunakekelwa nothando lwakho, futhi uthathe noma yiziphi izikhathi ongayilalela, wabelane ngazo, ujabule, uxazulule inkinga, noma uvele uphume.
4. Yazi ukuthi ingane yakho evame ukukhula ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezingavamile, futhi ziqaphele izinselelo abhekene nazo futhi zinqobe.
5. Hlanganisa izikhathi ezikhethekile "zethu nje" zezingane zakho ezikhulayo. Kungase kudingeke uxoxisane nomlingani wakho, kodwa lokho kungcono nakakhulu.
6. Hlela phambili ngezidingo zakho zomntwana ezijwayelekile, futhi wazi ukuthi uzosingatha kanjani izimo ngaphambi kokuba zivuke. Lokhu kusebenza ezinkingeni ezincane (sizokwenzenjani uma ingane yethu ye-autistic iyancibilika emakethe?) Nezinselelo ezinkulu (kanjani kuzosiza ingane yethu ejwayelekile ukuphatha izindleko zasekolishi?). Akudingeki njalo uhlangane ne-whims yengane yakho evamile, kodwa udinga uhlelo.
7. Yiba njalo futhi unokwethenjelwa. Kungaba nzima ukuhlala nezingane zakini, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala nokuphikisana noma ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo. Iningi lezingane ezikhulayo zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima lapho zizwa ziphephile futhi zinakekelwa.
8. Lalela ingane yakho evame ukukhula, futhi ubuke noma yiziphi izimpawu zokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuziphatha okuyingozi.
9. Yazi ukuthi ingane yakho evamile iyakudinga ngempela, futhi uthole indlela yokuba khona. Lokhu kungadinga ukubizwa ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukufaka imali eminye imali ngezikhathi ezithile-kodwa kungasho umhlaba kumntanakho.
10. Thola usizo uma uludinga. Izinhlangano ezinjengeSiblings of Autism, Project Sibling Support Project, kanye neSibs Journeyare nje okukhethwa kukho ezimbalwa. Hlola ngezinsiza zendawo ukuze uthole amaqembu okusekela, ukuhlonipha, nezinhlelo.

> Imithombo:

> Petalas, MA, Hastings, RP, Nash, S. et al. Ukulinganisa nokuhluka okungaqondakali eSibongweni Ubudlelwane: Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwezingane Ezitholakalayo Nge-Autism. J Child Child Stud (2015) 24: 38.

> Schopler, Eric et al, Abahleli. Imiphumela Ye-Autism Emndenini. I-USA: I-Springer Science & Business Media, Juni 29, 2013.

> Tomeny, T. et al. Ukusebenza Ngokomzwelo Nokuziphatha Kwezintombi Zezingane Ezine-Autism Spectrum Disorder: Izindleko ze-ASD Severity, Stressal Stress, kanye nesimo somshado. Ucwaningo ku-Autism Spectrum Disorders, Umqulu 32, Disemba 2016, Amakhasi 130-142.

> Walton, K. et al. Ukulungiswa Kwezengqondo Nokubambisana KwabakwaSiblings Emadodeni Ezingane Ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder: Ingozi Nezivikelo Zokuzivikela. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, September 2015, Umqulu 45, Issue 9, iphepha 2764-2778.