Uma ucabanga ukuthi kunzima ukwenza umqondo we-autism yengane yakho, uqinisile. Yiqiniso, i-autism yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa leyo yingxenye yenkinga kuphela. Lesinye isigamu sakhiwe ngabaqeqeshi abahlose kahle abagqoke ngokucophelela izitatimende zabo mayelana nengane yakho ngokwezinto ezingakwenza (futhi zenze!) Ukudukisa abazali mayelana nezinselelo namakhono abo wengane.
Kungani ingcweti ingabangela ukudideka umzali ngokuzithandela? Ezimweni eziningi, abazami ngenkuthalo ukudideka. Bavele bethula izifo zabo, izincazelo, kanye nezincomo ngokwemibandela abacabanga ukuthi bazobe behlezi noma, mhlawumbe, balungile ngokwezepolitiki. Nokho, umphumela wukuthi abazali abaningi bangabangela ukungaboni kahle isimo sezingane zabo.
Nakhu amagama ayisishiyagalolunye we-autism ngokuvamile aqondwa kahle:
1. 'Ukudangala' Kuphila Kwakho Kuphela
Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile igama elithi "ukubambezeleka" izikhathi eziningi lapho ukhuluma nge-autism yengane yakho. Ngokuvamile, kufakwe kwisitatimende esithi "ingane yakho inokuphuza ukuthuthukiswa."
Sonke siyazi ukuthi "ukubambezeleka" kuyini. Sonke sinezinsalela ekuphileni kwethu. Ukuhlola, izitimela, izindiza, nokudla ukudla kuvame ukulibaziseka. Bese ... bafika. Futhi sicabanga ukuthi "sekwephuzile kangcono kunanini ngaphambili."
Kodwa igama elithi "ukubambezeleka," uma lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ingane nge-autism, akusho lokho esikucabanga ukuthi kusho. Izingane ezine-autism, empeleni, zingathuthukisa amakhono njengoba zikhula-kodwa futhi, kungenzeka.
Ngenxa yokuthi i- autism iyinkinga yokuphila impilo yonke , okubandakanya ukuhlukana okuhlukahlukene nezinselelo ezingapheli, uma ingane yakho ihlakulela amakhono namakhono, cishe njalo ngoba uye wafunda ukusebenza noma ngezimpawu ze-autistic-hhayi ngenxa yokuthi yena nje "wabanjwa."
Yini engalungile ngokukholelwa ukuthi ingane yakho "izobamba" futhi ibe, ngokuhumusha kwe-autism, "engacaciswanga nontanga yakhe ejwayelekile?" Kwezinye izimo, abazali bacabanga ukuthi ingane yabo ayidingi lutho ngaphandle kwesikhathi ukuze "ijwayelekile". Lokhu, akunjalo, akuyona into: ukwelapha kokuqala futhi okunamandla kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu osemncane nge-autism.
Kwezinye izimo, abazali babona ukuthi ingane yabo inenkinga kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuqinisekile bayobe sebeqede ukubambezeleka kwabo abaneminyaka engama-21. Ngenxa yalokho, bangenza okuncane ukulungiselela izidingo zomuntu omdala okhubazekile.
2. 'Abangaphandle' Izingane Zikhubazekile, Akuyona Into Engavamile
Kuyajabulisa ukuzwa ukuthi ingane yakho ye-autistic "ihlukile." Kuze kube yilapho uqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngempela leli gama.
Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye yaleso sikhathi, igama elithi "elihlukile" lisho "okungcono kunezinga elivamile" noma "elibi." Kodwa uma isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izingane ezine-autism, kusho ukuthi kukhona okuhlukile kakhulu. Ukungaqapheli, uma kwenzeka izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile, kusho okuthile okusondelene "nokungafani nezinye izingane ngenxa yezinselele nokukhubazeka kwabo."
Kulula kakhulu, lapho utshele ingane yakho ukuthi "ihlukile," ukuhambahamba ngokuzwakalisa ukuziqhenya. Ngeshwa, lowo mzwa ungabangela ukungezwani phakathi kwabazali, abahlinzeki, nabafundisi-futhi bangadala izinkinga ngemisebenzi yengane yakho nemiphumela.
3. 'Inselele Yokuqonda' kusho i-Low IQ
Emuva emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, "moron" nelithi "idiot" kwakuyimigomo yobuchwepheshe echaza amazinga athile ohlakaniphile njengoba kulinganiswa ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ. Ngenxa yokuthi le migomo yayilimaza kakhulu futhi i-pejorative, yaguqulwa ibe yikhona elijwayelekile "elihlehlisiwe ngokwengqondo." Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, "ukuphulukiswa kwengqondo" kwaba umhlalaphansi, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo.
Namuhla, esikhundleni sokubhekisela kwengane njengokuba "nokuhlakanipha okuphansi" noma "ukuphuza kwengqondo," ochwepheshe bazovame ukuchaza ingane ngokuthi "inselele ngokwengqondo" noma "ukulibazisa ngokwengqondo" noma "inselelo yengqondo."
Lisho ukuthini la magama? Noma yimuphi umzali angathethelelwa ngokucabanga ukuthi usho ukuthi "ukubambezeleka, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi uzobanjwa ngokushesha." Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi babhekisela ekuziphatheni okunzima (okubizwa nangokuthi ukungalungi). Kodwa cha. Njengangaphambili, kusho ukuthi " benza kahle ekuhlolweni kwe-IQ ." Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke izivivinyo ze-IQ ezifanele izingane ezine-autism futhi ngokuvamile izingane ezine-autism ziba namakhono angcono kakhulu okucabanga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-IQ okuvamile kungase kusiphakamise.
4. I-Autistic 'Izintshisekelo' Akuyona Into Ocabanga ukuthi Yayiyo
Igama elithi passionate lisho ... yini? Kubantu abaningi emhlabeni, kusho okunye kwezinto ezimbili: othanda kakhulu noma ozinikezele okuthile. Ungaba kisser othakazelisayo, umculi othakazelisayo, noma ngisho nomkhumbi okhuthele.
Ngenkathi abanye abantu abane-autism benesithakazelo ngendlela evamile, akusho lokho okushiwo yileli gama uma lisetshenziswe ochwepheshe be-autism. Esikhundleni salokho, leli gama elinomusa lisetshenziselwa ukuphelelwa isikhathi, okusho ukuthi akakwazi ukuyeka ukwenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngakho-ke, ingane ene-" passionistic autism " ingase izwe isidingo sokusula indlu yangasese ngokuphindaphindiwe, ubukele ividiyo efanayo ngokungapheli, noma ukhulume ngezitimela ngaphandle kwezinye izihloko zengxoxo.
5. 'Ividiyo' noma 'i-TV' Talk Akusho Ukukhuluma Ngevidiyo noma i-TV
Uma utshele ukuthi ingane yabo ihlanganyela "ekukhulumeni kwevidiyo" noma "inkulumo ye-TV," abazali bangase bajabule. Ekugcineni, ingane yabo isebenzisa amagama futhi iqhube nezingxoxo mayelana nendaba ethandeka abanye! Kodwa cha. "Inkulumo ye-TV" noma "inkulumo yevidiyo" akusho ukukhuluma ngombukiso we-TV. Kunalokho, kusho ukukhuluma njengombukiso we-TV. Enye i-term eyengeziwe yobuchwepheshe yalokhu yi-echolalia.
Yini echolalia ? Izingane eziningi ezine-autism (kanye nabanye abasha kanye nabantu abadala) zingakhuluma, kodwa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amagama azo, zisho imidwebo emibonweni yezintandokazi ze-TV, ama-movie noma amavidiyo. Lokhu kungaba yindlela engeyona esebenzayo yokuziphatha okuzenzekelayo (amagama awasho lutho, kodwa kulungile ukuqhubeka uphinda imisindo efanayo). Kodwa futhi, kungaba yizinyathelo zokuqala zokusebenzisa ulimi olusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi lapho ingane isebenzisa amagama omlingisi ukuze asho lokho anakho engqondweni yakhe.
6. 'Ukubhalisa' Akubandakanyi Ukufunda noma Ukubhala Iskripthi
Kungaba nengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi "ukubhala," kwengane ene-autism, kungase kuhilele ukuhlinzeka ingane ngeskripthi ukuze isebenze esimweni esithile senhlalo. Noma mhlawumbe, ngenani eliphakeme elisebenzayo, UKUBHALA iskripthi esisebenzisayo esimweni esinokukhathazeka. Kodwa cha.
Khumbula ukufunda mayelana nenkulumo yevidiyo noma ye-TV ngenhla? Ukubhalwa kweSkripthi kuwukuphela kwesigameko sohlobo olufanayo lokulandelana kwamagama okukhanda okungenzeka noma okungasetshenziselwa ukuxhumana. Kubizwa ngokuthi "scripting" ngoba ingane ikhumbula ngekhanda iskripthi futhi iyayifunda.
7. 'Izinkolelo' Azikho Nento Ongayenza Ngenkolo
Kuyinto engavamile ukuzwa igama elithi "umkhuba" nhlobo-futhi uma ulizwa, cishe njalo kumongo wemikhosi yenkolo. Amasonto, amasinagogeni kanye nemikhosi yamaSulumane bonke banamasiko (izenzo kanye namazwi aphindaphindiwe ngendlela efanayo kanye nomyalelo ofanayo njalo ngesonto) ezihlobene nomthandazo, ukufunda, umculo, njalonjalo.
Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini "izinkolelo" zomntwana we-autistic? Uma lisetshenziswe kumongo we-autism, "amasiko" aziphatha okuphindaphindiwe angenalo umsebenzi othize kodwa ingane ezwa ukuthi uFANELE igcwalise. Imikhuba enjalo iyisibonakaliso se- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder kodwa futhi ijwayelekile kakhulu kubantu abane-autism. Imikhuba yezimoto ingabandakanya ukufaka izinto ngaphakathi kwe-oda elithile, ukuvula noma ukuvala, ukuhambisa indlu yangasese izikhathi eziningi, nokunye.
8. 'Ukuziphatha Okuzikhukhumeza' Kujwayele Ukukhuluma Ngokushaya Indlwabu
Yini "ukuzivuselela" okungase kusho? Iqiniso lizwakala njenge-euphemism "yokugqugquzela ngokobulili." Futhi ngezikhathi ezingavamile, ukuziphatha kwengane ye-autistic kungafaka lokho. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi ... asikwazi.
Ukuziphatha okuzikhukhumeza-okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvuselela" -ngempela igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuziphatha njengokugwedla, ukugcoba ngomunwe, ukuxubha noma ukuhamba. Lezi ziphathamandla azisebenzi (azihloselwe ukuba nomphumela), kodwa zikhonza inhloso. Kwezinye izimo, ukuvuselela kungasiza umuntu nge-autism ukuba ahlale ezolile lapho "ehlaselwa" ngemisindo, iphunga, noma izibani ezikhanyayo . Ukukhuthazwa kungaba yindlela enhle yokuzolahla izinkinga.
Ngokuvamile, abahlinzeki basebenza "ekuqedeni ukuziphatha okuzivuselelayo." Ngokwenza lokhu, noma kunjalo, bangase babeke umuntu we-autistic wamathuluzi abawadingayo ukuze bahlale bezolile. Ngamanye amazwi, ingane yakho ingase iqede ukuziphatha "okumangalisa" kokuhweba ngisho nokuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo "kokucindezeleka."
9. 'Izithandani ezithandwayo' Akukho lutho olwenziwe ngama-Stereotypes
Izintshisekelo ziyizinkolelo ezivamile-ezingalungile abantu abanalo ngabanye abantu, ngokusekelwe emncintiswaneni wabo, inkolo, ubulili, amakhono noma indawo yokuzalwa. Kulungile? Umzali onengqondo angase acabange ukuthi inkulumo ehlobene ne-autism ingase ibe nokucabanga okungalungile ngomuntu we-autistic okwenziwe ngesifo sokuxilongwa.
Kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi ucabanga uma igama lisetshenziswe kumongo we-autism, akusho lutho ngalolu hlobo. Khumbula lezo ziphambeko zokuzivuselela ezichazwe ngenhla? Baphinde bakhulunywe kuwo, ikakhulukazi ezincwadini zokuxilonga, ngokuthi "ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo," noma "ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo." Uhlu lwe-DSM5 (2013) lwezimpawu ezisemthethweni ze-autism lufaka:
Ukunyakaza kwemoto noma ukuphindaphindiwe, ukusetshenziselwa izinto, noma inkulumo (isb. Ukuhamba kwezimoto ezilula, ukufaka amathoyizi aphezulu noma izinto zokuqhafaza, i-echolalia, imisho ye-idiosyncratic).
Ngamanye amazwi, uma ingane yakho ibhalela amathoyizi noma isebenzisa inkulumo ye-TV, uhlanganyela ekuziphatheni okwenziwe ngokungafani.
Ukwenza i-Sense ye-Autism-Khuluma
Kukhona amawebhusayithi amaningi nezincwadi ezihlunga futhi zichaza imigomo ehlobene ne-autism. Futhi uma ubona igama lobuchwepheshe ongajwayele (njenge-echolalia, isibonelo) ungase uhambe ubheke. Inkinga, noma kunjalo, ukuthi yimiqondo eminingi kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-autism umsindo ejwayelekile. Uyazi kanjani ukuthi awukwazi ngani uma ungazi ukuthi awukwazi?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqiniseka ukuthi ulandela ngokuphelele ingxoxo ukubuza imibuzo noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona futhi uphinde uhlole ukuqonda kwakho. Isibonelo, ungase ubuze uthisha, "Ngikuzwa usho ukuthi ingane yami ihlanganyela enkulumweni yeTV. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi bakhuluma ngemiboniso ye-TV?" Noma ungase uhlole nomhlengikazi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amagama abo asemqoka ngempela kuwe.
Iseluleko esifanayo, ngendlela, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule lapho uzwa uthisha noma udokotela athi izinto ezinjengokuthi "uyaqhubeka," noma "wenza okuhle!" Ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi uyazi ukuthi "kuhle" ngempela kusho, buza "yiziphi izinto ezinkulu azenzile namuhla?" Ngokuvamile, uzothola ukuthi wena kanye nothisha wengane yakho ninemibono ehluke kakhulu mayelana nokuthi leli gama lisho ukuthini.