I-Autism, ngencazelo, ingatholakala kuphela uma izimpawu zivela ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-autism ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni-ngokuvamile ezinganeni ezincane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala noma ezincane. Yebo, kunezimo lapho i-autism ifundwa khona kubantu abasha noma abadala, kodwa isilinganiso seminyaka yokuxilongwa sineminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesithupha.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-autism ivame ukutholakala ezincane, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi yobuntwana.
Eqinisweni, izinhlelo eziningi, ukwelashwa, nokusekela zitholakala kuphela ezinganeni ezine-autism nabazali bazo. Kodwa, kuyinto engavamile ukuba engavamile kwengane ekhonjiswe ngokunembile ene-autism ukuze ilahlekelwe lokho kuhlolisiswa njengomuntu omdala. Iningi lezingane ezine-autism zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala nge-autism.
I-Autism Ezinganeni Ibukeka Kanjani?
Bathi uma uhlangane nengane eyodwa nge-autism ... uhlangane nomntwana oyedwa nge-autism. Leso sisho, esingcono noma esibi, sinembile ngokuphelele.
Awukwazi ukubona ingane ye-autistic ngokubukeka kwayo. Izingane ezigunyazayo azibukeli kunoma ubani omunye. Izingane ezine-autism zingathula noma zixoxane, ziphikisana noma ziphikisiwe ngokwengqondo. Ukuziphatha kwabo kungabuka ku-quirky kuya kobudlova. Bangase benze kahle esikoleni noma babhekane nokukhubazeka okujulile kokufunda.
Konke okwakushoyo, noma kunjalo, izingane ezine-autism zinemfanelo ethile efana nayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, noma kunjalo, ukuthi i-autism iyinkinga yokuthuthuka eqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi akukho uphawu olulodwa noma ukuziphatha, ngokwakho, okungase kusiphakamise i-autism.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu okungafani kufanele kube okuphawulekayo ukufaneleka ukuthola i-autism diagnostic. Kumele baphazamise ikhono lomntwana lokwenza izinto ezivamile, ukwenza abangane noma ukuphumelela esikoleni. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ingane evamile ingathula futhi ihlazekile-futhi lokho kungase kubangele abazali bayo.
Kodwa uma ingane ikwazi ukuphendula ngokufanele uma ikhulunywe, phendula imibuzo lapho uceliwe, futhi uphathe impilo yansuku zonke ngaphandle kokuzikhandla okukhulu, ukuthula kwakhe okuthulile kungenzeka kube yisici somlingiswa kunesibonakaliso se-autism.
Ngakho-ke i-autism ibukeka kanjani?
- Izingane ezine-autism cishe zinehlobo oluthile lwezinkulumo . Bangase bangakhulumi nhlobo, babe nokulibaziseka kwenkulumo, bakhulume nge-prosody engavamile (ngokuzwakalayo isicaba, isibonelo), noma bangakwazi ukukhumbula ngekhanda futhi baphinde baphinde bakhulume kusukela kuthelevishini. Bangase bakhulume futhi masinyane, basho njalo ngokuphindaphindiwe, noma sebenzisa uhlelo olungalungile uma kufanele bakhule ngokwanele ukuba bakhulume ngendlela efanele.
- Izingane ezine-autism zihlale zinenkinga yokuxhumana nabantu . Futhi, lezi zingabonisa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Kungenzeka bangalokothi bahlanganyele nanoma ubani, bekhetha ukungena ngezintambo, izinto eziphezulu, noma ukuqhubezela indlu yangasese njalo. Noma bangase bafune ukuxhumana ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi abazi ukuthi kunokwanele ngokwanele. Bangase bafune ukuzitholela indlela yabo kanye nokuphishekela izithakazelo zabo ngaso sonke isikhathi noma bangase bangabi nhlobo. Izingane ezigunyazayo ngokuvamile zithatha isikhathi eside kunezontanga zabo ezijwayelekile ukuze zifunde ukudlala kanye-kunokuba zizungeze ezinye izingane.
- Iningi lezingane ezine-autism zinomqondo othile wokungasebenzi kahle. Bangase babe nesifiso noma bagweme umsindo omkhulu, ukumbumbuluza, ama-flavour aqinile, noma iphunga elinamandla. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-ultra-sensitive ukukhanya noma ukuphazanyiswa kalula yimisindo encane nokunyakaza. Ezinye izingane ezine-autism zicindezeleke kakhulu yizimpendulo zengqondo abanye abangase bangaziqapheli-noma ngemisindo ethile (ama-squeaks, imisindo yezilwane, izingane ezikhala).
- Izingane ezine-autism ngokuvamile (nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi) zihamba ngokuhlukile kwezinye izingane. "I-Stims" (elula yokuzivuselela) ijwayelekile futhi ingabheka idiosyncratic. Isibonelo, ngenkathi izingane ezivame ukuzondla izithupha zazo, ziluma izipikili zazo, noma zibopha izinwele zabo, izingane ze-autistic zingase zishaye izandla, zigijime ezinzwaneni zazo, noma ibuyele emuva. Izingane ezigunyazayo nazo zingase zihambe ngokuqinile ngezandla zazo ezigcinwe ezinhlangothini zazo noma zigijime nge-awkward gait. Bangase babe namahloni futhi babe nesikhathi esinzima ukuphonsa, ukubamba, ukubhala noma ukudweba.
- Izingane ezigunyazayo ziziphatha ngokuhlukile ezivela koontanga zabo ezijwayelekile. Ngenkathi izingane ezivamile zingase zithuthumele ukuze zithole indlela yazo (noma ngenxa yokuthi zikhathele noma zilambile), izingane ezizimele zivame ukudabuka ngenxa yokuthi zidangele, zikhungathekile noma zikwazi ukukhuluma ngezidingo zazo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba "bancane ubudala babo," banamathele ekuthandeni "babyish" kuze kufike isikhathi eside kunabo ontanga.
- Izinzuzo nazo zihlukile. Izingane ezigunyazayo zivame "ukuphikelela," okusho ukuthi zisho noma zenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe ngendlela efanayo noma "zinyene" emcabangweni, emcabangweni, ekusebenzisaneni, noma esifisweni. Bangase babe ngumbuso futhi bajabule kakhulu uma imithetho igobile noma iphukile. Kungenzeka ukuthi babe nomzwelo ngenxa yezinto ezincane ezibonakalayo. Ngisho nokusebenza okuphezulu okuhambisana ne-autism kungase kuvele kungazelelwe ukukhala ngenxa yokushintsha kwamapulani noma ibhodlela lamanzi elikhohliwe. Kwezinye izimo, izingane ze-autistic zingaba nobudlova noma zizihlambalaze noma zingase zibalekele (ezibizwa ngokuthi "eloping") ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
- Izingane ezine-autism zidlala ngokuhlukile kwezinye izingane. Bangase badlale bonke bodwa futhi bakuthole kunzima noma ngisho nokungeke kwenzeke ukuhlanganyela nezinye izingane. Bangase "badlale" ngokuhlela noma ukugqoka izinto, bazifaka ezigodini, noma bazungeza egcekeni noma endaweni yokudlala bephonsa ukungcola emoyeni. Akunakwenzeka ukudlala imidlalo "yokuzenzisa" njengokuthi "indlu" futhi kungase kube nzima ukulandela imithetho yezemidlalo njengebhola noma ibhola.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuqaphela I-Autism Ezinganeni?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuqaphela, ukuxilonga, nokuphatha i-autism ezinganeni. Nazi ezimbalwa nje:
- Ukwelashwa kokuqala nokunamandla kuboniswa ukuthi kuphumelele ekuboniseni izimpawu ezibalulekile. Izimpawu zezingane zakho zimbalwa futhi zilukhuni, zingcono kakhulu ukuthi zizokwazi ukuhlanganyela ezinhlelweni zesikole ezibandakanya nokuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi.
- Ukuqonda izizathu zokuziphatha kwengane yakho nezinselele kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono lokho ingane yakho idinga ukuphumelela.
- Izikole nezinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo zinikeza izinsiza eziningi zamahhala ezinganeni ezine-autism ezingenakutholakala nengane "yokulibaziseka."
- Ukuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle namanye ama-ejensi angakwazi ukusiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zomntanakho.
- I-Autism manje yaziwa kabanzi ukuthi abaningi abangenayo inzuzo kanye nezinkampani banakekela ngokukhethekile izidingo zemindeni enezingane ezizimele. Uma uqonda ukuxilongwa kwengane yakho, uzothola ngokushesha izinhlelo ze-autism ezivela kumaqembu ezemidlalo ukuya ku-movie ebusuku ukuya ezinsukwini ezikhethekile e-zoo.
- Uma wazi ukuthi ingane yakho ihlolwe kanjani, ungathola izinhlelo zokusekela namaqembu futhi uhlangane nabazali abanezinselele ezifanayo. Ngeke nje uthole izinsiza ongazange wazi, kodwa ungathola abangane abasha-kokubili wena nomntwana wakho.
Uma Ucabanga Ingane Yakho Kungaba Yi-Autistic
Ngokusekelwe enchazweni engenhla, ungase uzizwe ukuthi ingane yakho kufanele ihlolwe nge-autism. Uma kunjalo:
- Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu ze-autism ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uqonde kahle ukuthi i-autism ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinselele zokuthuthukisa.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuthola ukuthi uyavumelana yini nokuhlola kwakho-futhi ucele izincomo kubadobi noma emitholampilo engakwazi ukuhlola. Uma udokotela wakho wezingane engavumelani nawe, qiniseka ukuthi uqonda ukuthi kungani futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyavuma. Uma ungavumelani, qhubekela phambili kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.
- Khuluma nesifunda sakho esikoleni ukuze ubone ukuthi banezikhungo zokuhlola ingane yakho mahhala. Uma kungenjalo, bangakwazi ukuncoma umtholampilo noma udokotela abasebenza nabo.
- Khetha udokotela noma umtholampilo bese wenza i-aphoyintimenti.
Ungabi namahloni ngokucela ukuhlolwa. Uma ingane yakho i-autistic, ngokuqinisekile uye wenza into efanele. Uma ingane yakho ibambezelekile noma izinselele ezingamfanelekeli ukuxilongwa nge-autism, uthola lezo zinkinga futhi ungaziphathisa. Uma ingane yakho ivele ihluke ngokuhlukile, ungasetha ingqondo yakho kalula.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlolwa kungasiza kuphela. Futhi, njengoba ngokuvamile kuvamise ukuba ingane yakho ihlolwe mahhala, yini okufanele ulahlekelwe?
Imithombo:
U-Anderson C, uMthetho JK, uDaniels A, Rice C, Mandell DS, Hagopian L, uMthetho PA. Umthelela wesigameko kanye nomndeni wokwehliswa kwabantwana abane-autism spectrum disorders. Izingane zokwelapha. Novemba 2012.
I-Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. NgoJanuwari 2016.
UJohnson, CP Inkomba Yokuqala Yomtholampilo Yezingane Ne-Autism. Ku: I-Gupta, i-VB ed: Iziphazamiso ze-Autistic Spectrum ezinganeni. I-New York: UMarcel Dekker, Inc., 2004: 85-123.
Rosenberg RE, uMthetho JK, Yenokyan G, McGready J, Kaufmann WE, uMthetho PA. Izici kanye ne-concordance ye-autism spectrum disorders phakathi kwama-277 amabili womabili. I-Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163 (10): 907-914