Kungani abadali be-DSM5 balahla ukuxilongwa kwe-PDD-NOS?
Ngo-Meyi 2013, i-American Psychiatric Association (APA) yakhipha incwadi ye-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Version 5. I-DSM yincwadi ehlela ukuziphatha nezibonakaliso emaqenjini okuxilongwa ngenhloso yokuxilongwa kwemitholampilo nokwelashwa okunconywayo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-DSM ishintshile kakhulu; umqondo "we-autism spectrum" usanda kufinyelela, futhi izinguquko ezinkulu ezihlosweni zokuxilongwa kwe-autism kuzoshintsha lokho esikucabanga njengamanje ngokuthi "izwe le-autism." Izinguquko ezimbili eziphawulekayo kwakususwa kwezinto ezimbili ezikhona ze-autism spectrum diagnoses - PDD-NOS kanye ne- Asperger syndrome - kusukela kumqulu.
Zisho ukuthini lezi zinguquko? Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nezinguquko ezihlongozwayo, ngathintana ne-APA futhi ngabuza imibuzo eminingi. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, ngathola izimpendulo, eziningi ezabhalwa uDkt. Bryan King weqembu le-Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Ngokusho kukaDkt. King, le nqubo entsha iyindlela enhle yokuthola okucacile mayelana namacala athile we-autism. Lezi zinqubo zenzelwe ukuhlukanisa izingane ezinengqinamba ezingavumelani neze nemigomo ye-autism. Ngaphambi kwe-DSM5, izingane "ezingekho i-autism" zatholakala ukuthi zine PDD-NOS - ingxenye ye-autism spectrum.
UDkt. King uthi:
Kuzinguquko ezihlongozwayo ku-DSM 5, ukugxila ekuziphatheni akushintshe ngempela. Kodwa-ke, kunesifiso sokukwazi ukuchaza ngokunembile abantu ukuxilongwa okwamanje okwenzekayo nge-DSM-IV, futhi kwezinye izimo lokhu kungase kuhilele ukusebenzisa ukuxilongwa okungaphezu kweyodwa. Isibonelo, ngokudonsa ukukhubazeka kwelimi ngaphandle kwe-criteria yokuxilonga ye-autism, sizokwazi ukuchaza kangcono abantu abane-autism noma ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okulimini olubalulekile, ngokuphambene nokubanikeza ukuxilongwa okufanayo. Ngokufanayo, i-DSM-IV ivimbela ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD ne-autism, noma ye-schizophrenia ne-autism. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi lezi zimo zingahle zenzeke, futhi i-DSM 5 izovumela leli khono ukuthi libheke kangcono lokho okushiwo umuntu onikeziwe kunokuba nje "i-autistic disorder"
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PDD-NOS ayinayo inqubo yokuxilonga ehambisanayo, njengoba ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukusetshenziselwa kancane kancane izingane ezingazange zihlangabezane ne-autism noma i-Asperger disorder. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DSM-IV yayingenaso isigaba sokuxilonga izingane ezinenkinga yokuxhumana nabantu kuphela, lezi zinsuku zazivame ukuxilongwa nge-PDD-NOS. Lokhu kwakungalingani nokuxilongwa kwe-autistic disorder, ngoba yayihlanganisa nezinye izinkinga zokuthuthukisa. I-criteria entsha ingabuye ihlukanise izingane ezilahlekelwa yizo zokuxhumana ezingokwenhlalo (ngakho-ke abangeyona ingxenye ye-autism spectrum), kanye nabanye, ngokukhulisa ukufakwa kwi-autism spectrum. I-criteria entsha ingahlinzekela ukuxilongwa okukhulumisana nokuxhumana komphakathi okuqondile nokuqondile, okungase kuholele ekwelapheni okufanele kakhulu .