Uhlolo Lokubheka Ngezingxabano ZaseMhlophe Egazi
Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi elimhlophe kuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lezinkinga ezithinta amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (WBC), enye yezinhlobo ezintathu zegazi.
- Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe ahilelekile kakhulu ekulwa nokutheleleka nokuhlanganyela ekuphenduleni okuvuthayo.
- Amaseli alubomvu aphethe i-oxygen emzimbeni.
- Ama-platelets asiza ukuyeka igazi.
Inombolo evamile yezintambo ze-WBC ezivela kumabhiliyoni angama-4 kuya kwangu-11 amabiliyoni ngetitha ngalinye.
Leli hlu lihlukile ngokususelwa kulobhu oyenawo umsebenzi wakho wegazi okhishwe. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinebanga eliphakeme kusuka kumabhiliyoni angama-9 kuya kwangu-30 ezigidini ngalinye ilitha ngalinye. Lolu hlu luyehla eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila futhi lufana nezigaba ezijwayelekile zomuntu wonke osemncane. Ephikisana namaseli abomvu wegazi (RBC), uhla olujwayelekile alithintekile ngokobulili (owesilisa noma owesifazane). Kodwa-ke, kuthinteka uhlanga; ezifundweni zikazwelonke, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banamanani aphansi e-WBC kunamaCaucasus.
Izigaba ze-White Blood Cell Disorders
Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa izifo ze-WBC. Okokuqala, zingahle zihlukaniswe ngezizathu: lezo ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-WBC (eziningi kakhulu noma ezincane kakhulu) nezinye ezithinta umsebenzi we-WBC. Okwesibili, ukukhathazeka kwe-WBC kungase kubekwe eceleni yiziphi izinhlobo ze-WBC ezithintekayo. Kwezinye iziphazamiso zonke i-WBC iyathinteka kodwa abanye kuphela kuthinta uhlobo olulodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezinkulu ze-WBC: i-neutrophils, elwa nokutheleleka kwe-bacteria; i-lymphocytes, elwa kakhulu nokutheleleka kwegciwane; i-monocytes, elwa nokutheleleka kwe-fungal; i-eosinophils, elwa nokutheleleka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo futhi ihileleke ekuphenduleni okweqile; kanye ne-basophils, ehilelekile ekuphenduleni okuvuthayo.
Okwesithathu, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-WBC kungabhekwa njenge-benign noma okubi. Iningi lezinkinga ze-WBC ziyingozi.
Imigomo Eyisisekelo Ehlanganiswa Nezifo Zezingculazi Ezimhlophe
Ngokuvamile, uhlobo olulodwa kakhulu lwe-WBC luboniswa yi -phili ekupheleni kwegama, futhi uhlobo oluthile lweWBC olubizwa ngokuthi -penia. Lezi zingasetshenziswa kuwo wonke ama-WBC; i-leukocytosis yi-WBC count ngaphezu kwebala elijwayelekile, futhi i-leukopenia yi-WBC count ngaphansi kwebanga elijwayelekile. Lezi zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuchaza ama-WBC athile njenge-neutropenia (ama-neutrophile ambalwa kakhulu) noma ama-basophilia (ama-basophil amaningi kakhulu).
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezingcingo ze-White Cell Disorders
- I-Leukocytosis: Leukocytosis yinani elikhulayo lamaseli amhlophe egazi. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ukutheleleka, imithi efana ne-prednisone, noma i-leukemia.
- I-autoimmune ne-neutropenia: I- autoimmune ne-neutropenia eyenzekayo lapho umzimba uveza izifo ezihlasela futhi zibhubhise i-neutrophils.
- I-neutropenia ebusweni obunzima: Abantu abanalo mzimba bazalwa nge-neutropenia enesisindo esiphansi kokuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Abantu abane-neutropenia engavamile yokubeletha banokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe kwebhaktheriya.
- I-neutropenia ye-Cyclic: Le neutropenia nayo ingenxa yokuguquguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, okufana ne-neutropenia ebanga kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, i-neutropenia ayitholakali nsuku zonke kodwa ngemijikelezo cishe kwezinsuku ezingu-21.
- I-leukemia ingumdlavuza wamangqamuzana akhiqiza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi emnothweni wethambo.
- Isifo esingapheliyo se-granulomatous yisifo lapho izinhlobo eziningi ze-WBCs (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) zingakwazi ukusebenza kahle. Isimo esizuze njengefa futhi sibangela ukutheleleka okuningi, ikakhulukazi i-pneumonia nama-abscesses.
- Ukwehluleka kokunamathela kwe-leukocyte kuyisifo lapho amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe engakwazi ukuthuthela ezindaweni zokutheleleka.
Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-White Blood Disorders
Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-WBC ziyahlukahluka ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yesibangela. Abanye abantu abanezinkinga ze-WBC kungenzeka bangenayo izimpawu. Ezinye izimpawu zihlobene kakhulu nokutheleleka futhi zihlanganisa:
- izifo ezivamile noma eziphindaphindiwe
- ukutheleleka ngamagciwane angavamile, amagciwane noma i-fungus
- umkhuhlane
- izilonda zomlomo
- ama-abscesses esikhumba (ngokuvamile abizwa ngamathumba)
- i-pneumonia
Ukuthola ukuphazamiseka kwe-White Blood Cell
Ngokufanayo nezinye izifo zegazi, ukuhlolwa kokuqala okuvame ukwenziwa yi- akhawunti ephelele yegazi ( CBC ) , Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuvivinywa kuqhutshwa ngoba unezifo ezivamile noma ezingavamile noma ngezikhathi ezithile kubonakala ngesikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi i-CBC idonselwa ama-lab. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobe efuna ushintsho kunani le-WBC count noma ngenombolo yohlu oluthile lwe-WBC.
Ngemva kokuthola ukuthi unesifo se-WBC, udokotela wakho uzosebenza ekunqumeni imbangela yalo. Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yesikhashana, njengokuphakama ku-WBC count ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okusebenzayo. Kulezi zimo, i-CBC ivame ukuphindaphindiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zibuyele ezijwayelekile. Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele i-blood smear. I-blood smear iyilingo lapho igazi elincanyana lifakwa kwi-slide yesilazi, ngakho-ke udokotela angabuyekeza amangqamuzana egazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope efuna okungavamile okungase kubhekise kumbangela wesifo sakho.
Uma udinga ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa oyinhloko angakunikeza ochwepheshe. Izifo ze-WBC zivame ukukwabelana phakathi kwama-hematologists, odokotela abenza ngokukhethekile ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, kanye nama-immunologists, odokotela abenza ngokukhethekile ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-WBC akhiqizwa emnothweni wamathambo, kungenzeka ukuthi i- bone marrow biopsy iyadingeka ukuqedela umsebenzi.
Ukwelashwa Kwezingculaza Zegazi Elimhlophe
Njengezimbangela zezinkinga ze-WBC, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha. Ama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-antibiotic angase asetshenziswe ukuvimbela izifo. Ngokungafani nezinkinga eziphazamisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu noma amaplatelets, ukugonywa kwegazi elimhlophe akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Kukhona imithi engasetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe emnothweni wethambo okuthiwa yizici zokukhula. Ukwengeza, ukuguqulwa kwe-stem cell kungasetshenziselwa ukwelapha okwelashwa kwezinye zezimo ezibuhlungu.
Izwi elivela
Ngemva kokufunda unesifo segazi elimhlophe, ungase ukwesaba, ungaqiniseki ngekusasa. Lokhu umuzwa wemvelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uxoxela ukwesaba kwakho nodokotela wakho. Ngokubambisana ungathola uhlelo lokubhekana nalokhu okukhathazayo.
> Umthombo:
> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Cindezela O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th ed.) USA. I-McGraw-Hill Education.