I-acne yisimo sesikhumba esithinta abantu abangaba ngu-80% abaseneminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili, futhi kufike ku-5% yabantu abadala asebekhulile. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi belulameka ngaphandle kwemiphumela engapheli, abanye abantu basala ngokuveza izibazi ze-acne. Kukhona imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba yasemhlolweni kanye nemithi engathuthukisa ukonakala okuncane, kepha inqwaba yezibazi ze-acne ziphathwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinqubo zokuhlinza nokuvuvukala isikhumba .
Ama-Scars asekuqaleni
Ngemuva kokuthi i-lesion ye-acne iphelile, ingashiya uphawu olubomvu noma oluxubile esikhumbeni. Lokhu empeleni akuyona inkinga, kodwa kunalokho kushintsho okulandela ukuvuvukala. Ubomvu noma i-hyperpigmentation kubonakala sengathi isikhumba sidabula inqubo yokuphulukisa nokulungisa, okuthatha cishe izinyanga ezingu-6-12. Uma kungabikho izilonda zamagneke ezikhula kule ndawo, isikhumba singaphulukisa ngokujwayelekile. Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kombala noma ukukhubazeka kwesikhumba okwamanje okukhona ngemva konyaka owodwa kubhekwa njengesici esingapheli noma ukonakala.
Ukuvimbela Amakhanda Okuqala E-Acne
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinguquko ezilandela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ama-acne ukuvimbela izilonda ze-acne ukuthi zenzeke. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuqonda izimbangela ezibangela izinkuni nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okufanele ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-acne. Bheka izihloko ezilandelayo ukuthola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezimbangela nemithi yokwelapha:
Ukwelapha Izibazi Ze-Acne Early
Izinguquko ezilandela ukuvuvukala ezibangelwa ama-acne ziyingxenye yenqubo yokuphulukisa yemvelo yesikhumba. Kukhona imikhuba ethile nemithi engasiza ukusiza le nqubo yokuphulukisa.
- Ukuvezwa kwelanga okuvikelekile kungabangela ukulimala kakhudlwana kakhudlwana nokuphuza ukuphulukiswa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugqoka isikrini selanga .
- Ukusebenzisa i-tretinoin (i-Retin-A, i-Renova, i-Avita) ijubane inqubo yokulungisa isikhumba futhi isiza ukuphulukisa izinguquko ezilandela ukuvuvukala.
- Ukufometha okufanelekile kwe- Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) ne- Beta-Hydroxy Acid (BHA) equkethe ukugxila okulungile futhi ku-pH efanele futhi kusiza inqubo yokulungisa isikhumba.
- Ukubamba esikhaleni kufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko. Ifomu le-Scab ukuvikela inqubo yokuphulukisa eyenzeka ngaphansi kwayo. Ukudonsa isikhunta ngaphambi kokulungele ukuphazamisa inqubo yokuphulukisa nokulungisa, okwandisa isikhathi lapho izinguquko ezithumela ukuvuvukala zizobonakala.
Ama-antioxidants kanye no-Post-Inflammatory Changes
Njengoba siqonda kabanzi mayelana nomonakalo wesikhumba kusuka kumahhala-radicals, kubonakala sengathi ukusebenzisa i-antioxidant kungasiza ekuphatheni izinguquko emva kokuvuvukala noma ngisho nezibazi ezinomphela . Ngeshwa, akukho zifundo ezinhle zesayensi ezibonise ukuthi noma yikuphi umlomo noma i-antioxidant yocingo evimbela noma ephulukisa umonakalo wesikhumba. Eqinisweni, i-Vitamin E, uma isetshenziselwa ukugcoba ngamagundane, ikhonjisiwe kubangele ukulimala kunokuhle. Njengoba ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwe-antioxidant luqhubeka, ososayensi bangathola ukubunjwa okubuyisa ngokuphumelelayo umonakalo wesikhumba, kodwa kuze kube yilapho-ke noma yiziphi izimangalo zokuvuselela isikhumba ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antioxidants nje kuphela.
NgoJulayi 2001 uJacob et al wahlongoza uhlelo lokuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezizabalaza olusiza ekutholeni izinqubo zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo . Ngokusho kwalesi simiso se-acne, izibazi zihlukaniswa njenge-icepick, rolling, ne-boxcar ngokusekelwe kobuchopho. Ngemuva kokucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambili kwe- Accutane , izibazi zomzimba zifakwe ngaphakathi futhi kwenziwe uhlelo lokulashwa oluhleliwe .
Ama-Scne Scars - Icepick
Izibazi ze-Icepick zinamacici amancane, ahlabayo okwenza isikhumba sibonakale siboshwe nge-pick pick. Ngokuvamile zilula kunama-2 mm futhi zanda emgqeni ojulile noma ungqimba ongaphansi komzimba. Izibazi ze-Icepick zivame kakhulu ukulungisa ngesikhumba ukuvuselela ukwelashwa okufana nokudambisa noma i-laser resurfacing.
Ama-Scne Scars - I-Boxcar
Amacici e-boxcar ajikeleze ukuthungwa kwe-oval okunemiphetho ebukhali. Ngokungafani nezinhlamvu zokuqoqa i-ice, azifaki endaweni ephansi. Amacwecwe e-boxcarcar aphansi angama-0.1-0.5 mm ngokujula futhi ngokuvamile angaphathwa ngamasu ajwayelekile okuvusa isikhumba. Ama-scarscarcar scars ama-0.5 mm ngokujula futhi adinga amasu okuphuza okugcwele.
Ama-Scne Scars - a-Rolling
Ama-screw scars akhiqizwa ngenxa yokwehliswa kwesinye isikhumba esivela evamile kuya kwezicubu ezingezansi ngezansi. Le nqubo inikeza isikhumba ukubonakala okugxilile noma okungaqondisi. Amasu ajwayelekile okuvuselela isikhumba awasebenzi emagqabeni . Kumele zilungiswe ngokuphula ama-fibrous bands.
I-Acne Scar Treatment Ngemuva kwe-Accutane
Ukubaluleka okubalulekile ekwelapheni izibazi ze-acne kuyisetshenziswa esidlule se-accutane
Kunezinqubo eziningi ezingasetshenziswa ukulungisa izibazi ze-acne. Inqubo ngayinye inezingozi zayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo, futhi izinqubo eziningana zivame ukuhlanganiswa ukuze zenze isikhumba esibheka kalula. Nansi ingxoxo emfushane mayelana nezinqubo zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ama-Dermal Fillers
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokugcwalisa izidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa ukuba zifakwe ezinhlakeni ze-acne ukuze ziphakamise isikhumba futhi zibukeke kahle. Izibonelo zama-dermal fillers zinamafutha, i-collagen ye-bovine, i-collagen yabantu, i- hyaluronic acid derivatives , nama-polytheyl-methacrylate microspheres ne-collagen. Umjovo walezi zinto awunakulungi ukulungisa izibazi ze-acne, ngakho-ke izijovo eziqhubekayo ziyadingeka.
Punch Excision
Le ndlela yokulungisa ngokucophelela izibazi zempuphu isetshenziselwa izibazi ezijulile ezifana nokukhethwa kweqhwa nezinhlamvu ezijulile ze-boxcar. Le nqubo isebenzisa ithuluzi le-punch biopsy eliyisisekelo esibukhali, esibukhali "se-cookie-cutter" esiza ngamaritha avela ku-1.5 mm kuya ku-3.5 mm. Ubukhulu besithuluzi bufananiswe nobukhulu besibazi ukufaka izindonga zesikhala. Ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, ubude bubekwe eceleni ngethuluzi le-punch kanti izingxenyeni zesikhumba zihlangene ndawonye. I-scar esanda kukhishwa igcina ifinyelela futhi ingase ingabonakali. Uma kubonakala, kungcono kakhulu manje ukuthi kusetshenziswe amasu wokuvuselela.
I-Punch Excision ne-Skin Graft Replacement
Ngalendlela, lesi sibhamu sinamathele ngethuluzi le-punch njengenhla. Esikhundleni sokubuthana ndawonye emaphethelweni esikhumba , isici sigcwele ukuhlunga isikhumba se-punch ngokuvamile esithathwe ngemuva kwendlebe. Ngale nqubo, umehluko wombala nokuthungwa kungabonakala, kodwa inqubo yokuvuvukala isikhumba ingasetshenziswa amasonto angu-4-6 ngemuva kokuxhunyelelwa ukulungisa lo mshwana.
Punch Elevation
Le ndlela yokulungisa ngokucophelela izibazi ze-acne isetshenziselwa izibazi zamabhoksi ezijulile ezinamaphethelo abukhali nezisekelo ezivamile zokuvela. Ithuluzi elifanayo le-punch njengalokhu ngenhla lisetshenziselwa ukukhipha isisekelo sobunzima beshiya izindonga zesikhumba esiqinile. I-excise base iphakanyiselwa phezulu kwesikhumba futhi ifakwe ne-sutures, i-ster-strips, noma isikhumba seganda esibizwa nge-Dermabond. Le ndlela inciphisa ubungozi bokuhluka kombala noma ukuthungwa njengoba kubonakala ngokushintshwa kwe-graft futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokukhiqiza uhlamvu olubonakalayo njengoba kungabonakala lapho izingxenyeni ezilimazayo zihlaselwa.
Incision Subcutaneous
Ukushiswa okuncane , okuyaziwa nangokuthi i-Subcision, kusetshenziselwa ukwephula ama-band fibrous abangela izibazi zokugwedla. I-subcision yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ngokufaka inaliti ekhethekile ekhonjiwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukuze ihambisane nesikhumba. Ukuhlala endizeni phakathi kwe-dermis kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi, inaliti ithuthukile kahle futhi ihoxiswe ekuhambeni okufana ne-piston ukusika ama-tethering bands. Le nqubo ibangela ukulimala okudlulayo ngemuva kweviki elilodwa. Izingozi ze-subcision zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi kanye nokwakheka kwamagundane. Ukukhipha igazi kungalawulwa ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-anesthetics nokufaka amabhande, futhi ama-nodules angaphansi komhlaba angaphathwa nge- injection ye-corticosteroids engxenyeni.
I-Laser Reserfacing
Ukuvuthwa kwe-Laser kuyindlela yokwelashwa okwezinkinga eziningi zesikhumba. Izinhlobo ze-laser ezidume kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukuvuselela izibazi zamacne yi- carbon dioxide (CO2) ne-erbium: i-lasers YAG (Er: YAG). Ama-Lasers asebenze ngokushisa okwenziwe kanzima kwesikhumba ekujuleni okuqondile. Isikhumba siphulukisa esikhundleni sezingqimba ezishisiwe nekhanda elisha elibonakalayo. Ukunakekelwa okulungile kokuthunyelwa kwesikhumba kwesikhumba esiye sathola ukuvuselela i-laser kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni impumelelo yenqubo.