Lokho Okushoyo Ukuba ne-HIV-Positive noma HIV-Negative
I-Seroconversion yisikhathi lapho umuntu edala ama-antibodies kunoma yiziphi izinambuzane ezidala isifo (okuthiwa ama-pathogens). Ama-antibodies yiwona amaprotheni avikelayo akhiqizwa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba ukuze anciphise i-pathogen futhi ecacile kuleyo pathogen kanye ne-pathogen eyedwa.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukwazi ukuthola lezi zamasosha, umuntu kuthiwa une-seroconverted.
Ukuqonda i-HIV Seroconversion
Endabeni ye-HIV, i-seroconversion isho ukuthi umuntu usuke engenawo igciwane lesandulela-ngculaza (engenawo ama-antibodies) we-HIV enesandulela ngculaza (enezinsana ze-HIV).
I-Seroconversion iqinisekiswa yi-HIV anti-antibody test. Ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukuze umzimba ukhiqize ama-antibodies anele okwenziwe ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-HIV ixilongwa. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, ukuhlolwa kungase kungabonakali noma kuhambise umphumela ongamanga . Lesi sikhathi sokungaqiniseki siyaziwa ngokuthi isikhathi sewindi .
Uma umuntu esebenziwe nge-seroconverted, uzohlala ene-HIV empilweni. Ngisho noma lowo muntu efakwe ekwelashweni kwe-HIV futhi akwazi ukufeza umthamo wegciwane elingenakutholakali, igciwane alishanga ngokuphelele. "Ukungatholakali" kusho nje ukuthi inani legciwane liyizigaxa kangangokuthi okwamanje ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwamanje akukwazi ukuwabona.
Izimpawu ze-Seroconversion ye-HIV
Umuntu onesi-seroconverted angase abe noma angenayo izimpawu zokutheleleka.
Ukutheleleka okuphawulekayo kubhekwa njengokugula kwesifo se-seroconversion, i-seroconversion enzima, isifo se-HIV esilula, noma i-acute retroviral syndrome (ARS).
I-ARS ivela kunoma yikuphi okuvela kumaphesenti angu-50 kuya kuma-70 amaphesenti abantu abasanduliwe. Izimpawu ze-ARS zifana nezomkhuhlane noma i-mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo futhi zingabandakanya:
- Fever
- Ukukhathala
- Izinwele
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
- Izimpungushe ze-lymph ziyavuvukala
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zingekho ezingezona, zivame ukubhekwa kwezinye izifo.
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezitshelayo ze-ARS yi- rash yokuziphatha. Ukuqubuka kuzovame ukuthinta isigamu esiphezulu somzimba ngezilonda ezinobomvu, ezincane, eziphambene, nezingezona. Njengayezinye izimpawu ze-ARS, zingabonakala noma kuphi kusukela kwesinye ukuya emavikini amane emva kokutheleleka futhi ngokuvamile zixazulula ngaphakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamatsatfu.
Ukutholwa Kokuqala
Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okunzima kungase kuphuze kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngokushaya igciwane ngemithi emasontweni okuqala, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi igciwane linethuba elingaphansi lokubeka izindawo ezifihliwe ezicukwaneni namaseli aziwa njengama- reservoir . Uma igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lihlanganisiwe kulezi ziqhingi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusula emzimbeni.
Kulokhu, ukuhlolisiswa kwesizukulwane esisha ku- HIV kuyakwazi ukuletha imiphumela enembile ezinsukwini ezincane ezingu-12 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwesizukulwane esidlule okwenzeka okungenani amasonto amathathu. Lezi zinhlobo zokulinganisa ziyakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngoba zibona kokubili amasosha omzimba we- HIV nama- antigens e-HIV (amaprotheni atholakele egobolondo legciwane ngokwayo).
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa okulula kwe-antibody, inhlanganisela yokulingana efana ne- ARCHITECT i-HIV Ag / Ab iyakwazi ukuthola amaphesenti angaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-90 okutheleleka nge-HIV.
Imithombo:
> Cohen, M .; Gay, C .; Busch, P .; noHecht, F. "Ukutholakala kokutheleleka okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza." I-Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2010; 202 (Suppl 2): S270-S277.
> Pilcher, D .; Louie, B; Facente, S. et al. "Ukusebenza kwe-Rapid Point-of-Care kanye nezivivinywa zeLebhubhu zeSandulela ngculazi eQinisekile futhi eqinisiwe eSan Francisco." I-PLOS | Eyodwa. NgoDisemba 12, 2013; I-DOI: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0080629.