Funda nge-Knee Anatomy ehlangene
Amadolo ahlangene ayingxenye yomkhawulo ophansi . Kuyindlela yokuhlangana kwethanga nomlenze, futhi ihlangene. I-joint joint igoqa emuva nangaphandle kwelinye indiza (ngokungafani nokuhlanganiswa kwebhola ne-socket ye-hip). Amadolo ahlangene avame ukulimala. Ukuqonda i-anatomy evamile yehlangothini lamadolo kungakusiza uqonde izimo ezibangela izinkinga zamadolo .
Amangqamuzana Emhlabeni Knee
Kukhona amathambo amathathu ahlangana ndawonye emadolweni. Isifuba shin (tibia), ithambo lethanga (femur), kanye ne-kneecap (i-patella) yizingxenye ezibalulekile zomzimba wamadolo. Ithe bone lesine, i-fibula, litholakala eduze kwesiguli shin (tibia) kanye nehlangothini lamadolo, futhi lingadlala indima ebalulekile ezimweni ezithile zamadolo.
I-tibia, i-femur, ne-patella, yonke ihlanganiswa ngendwangu ebushelelezi ye-cartilage (bheka ngezansi) lapho bexhumana khona emadolweni. Kukhona futhi ithambo elincane elibizwa ngokuthi i-fabella, evame ukutholakala ngemuva kwehlangothini lamadolo. Uhlobo lwethemba elibizwa ngokuthi ithambo le-samoid (okusho ukuthi lihlezi ngaphakathi kwethethoni), i-fabella ayinalo okuncane ekusebenzeni kwamadolo. Itholakala kuma-25% wabantu.
I-cartilage ye-Knee
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-cartilage emadolweni. I-carticlage ye- articular iyinsimbi ebushelelezi ehlanganisa ukuphela kwethambo.
Lapho i-cartilage e-smooth articular igugile, i- knee arthritis yimbangela . I-cartilage isakhiwo esiqinile esilwisana nomonakalo, kodwa uma sikhathele kunenkathi enzima yokuphulukisa.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-cartilage ehlangothini lwamadolo lubizwa ngokuthi i-meniscus. Lapho abantu bekhuluma ' ngezinyembezi zezinyosi ,' ngokuvamile babhekisela ekuqhekekeni kwamadoda .
I-meniscus yinkimbinkimbi yokumangalisa ehlezi phakathi kokuphela kwethanga lesenzeni kanye nesiphithiphithi se-shin.
Amagagasi we-Knee
Amagamente yizinhlaka ezixhuma amathambo amabili ndawonye. Kunemigudu emine emikhulu ejikeleze idolo elihlangene. Eminye yale migqa iphakathi nendawo yokujoyina, futhi iyawela. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izigxobo ezibalulekile, futhi ziqukethe i- anterior cruciate ligament , kanye ne- posterior cruciate ligament .
Omunye umgogodla uhlangothini ngalunye lwehlangothini lamadolo; i -colalateral ligamental ligament ohlangothini lwangaphakathi, kanye ne- lateral collateral ligament engxenyeni yangaphandle. Ukulimala kwe-ligament ngokuvamile kubangela izikhalo zokungahlali kwamadolo.
Imisipha kanye nama-Tendons azungeze i-Knee
Imisipha ivuselela emuva emadolweni. I-tendon ixhuma imisipha kuya ethambo. Lapho izinkontileka zemisipha, izintambo zidonsa, futhi ithambo liyasuswa. Ukuhlangana kwamadolo kuthinteke kakhulu kakhulu ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu. Imisipha ye-quadriceps inikeza amandla namandla ngamandla okwandisa ngamadolo (ukuqondisa) kanye nemisipha ye-hamstrings ivumela amandla namandla ngamandla. Ithenda le-patellar phambi kwamadolo liyingxenye yenqubo ye-quadriceps.
Eminye imisipha encane nezintambo zizungezile ndawonye.
I-Synovium ne-Synovial Fluid
I-synovium yindawo yokuhlanganyela. I-synovium iyinhlayiya yamathambo echaza isikhala esihlangene. Amaseli e-synovial akhiqiza umthamo omsabekayo, ovuthiwe obizwa ngokuthi i-synovial fluid ngaphakathi kokujoyina. Ezimweni ezibangela ukuvuvukala kokubambisana, kungase kube nokuningi kwamanzi abizayo, okuholela ekuvupheni kwamadolo.