Ama-PMN: Umndeni Wamaseli Amhlophe Egazi
BAYINI?
I-leukocyte ye-polymorphonuclear, noma i-PMNs, ngumndeni okhethekile wamaseli amhlophe egazi. Umndeni uhlanganisa amangqamuzana omzimba awaziwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils, ama-eosinophil kanye nama-basophil. Ama-neutrophils, ama-basophil nama-eosinophils yiwo wonke ama-PMN angatholakala athola igazi. Emiphumeleni evamile yokuhlolwa kwegazi, noma kunjalo, i-PMN ejwayelekile kunazo zonke i-neutrophil.
Yini i-P oly M noma i- N e- Uclear ?
Ngaphandle kwe-PMNs ebhekisela eqenjini lamagama ashiwo ngamagama, leli gama libhekisela ekubukeni kwabo. I-poly + i-polyph ihlobene "namajamo ahlukene" futhi amandla enyukliya abhekisela ku-nuclei yeseli ye-PMNs, lapho ekhonjiswa futhi ebhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngakho-ke ama-PMN aziwa ngokungafani okungaqondakali kwebunjwa okungenzeka ukuthi i-nuclei yabo iqhubeke. I-Nuclei yamaseli amhlophe e-PMN anezigaba ezihluke kakhulu ukuze esikhundleni sokubukeka njengombuthano omuhle, ojikelezayo esigabeni esiphambene, kungase kubonakale kunama-lobes amabili noma amathathu. Le nuclei eboshiwe yenza "ukubukeka kwamaqanda okuthosiwe", okuvame kakhulu nezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amaningi, ukuba kungabikho khona-kunalokho, iseli libukeka njengeqanda elinephuka layo eliphukile ngenkathi liphekwe.
Ingabe ama-Granulocytes ama-PMN?
Yebo. Ngaphandle kwe-nuclei ehle, ama-PMNs nawo anama-granules angabonakala besebenzisa amade namabala; ama-granules afana namabhaluni amancane amancane ngaphakathi kweseli, futhi anika ama-PMN ukubonakala kwawo kwe-grainy.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-PMNs ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-leukocyte granular" noma i-granulocytes. Okungaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-granules kuncike kuma-PMNs owakhuluma ngawo. Endabeni ye-neutrophils, ama-granules aqukethe ama-enzyme kanye nezinto ezinamagciwane e-antimicrobial, lapho akhululwa, asiza ukulwa nokutheleleka.
Kuvelaphi i-PMNs?
Ama-PMN kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, namaplatelets onke ahla noma athuthuke kusuka kumaseli we-hematopoietic stem emnothweni wamathambo. Kusuka kuma-hematopoietic stem cells, amangqamuzana egazi ahlukanisa ngezindlela ezimbili ezinkulu, ezihlukene: umzila weselula we- lymphoid oqhubeka waba yi-lymphocytes, kanye nomzila weselula we- myeloid , odala izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-PMNs, ngaphezu kwamanye amaseli wegazi.
Zitholakalaphi?
I-PMNs ingamaseli egazi amhlophe angatholakala egazini. Noma kunjalo, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akwazi ukulandela izibonakaliso zamakhemikhali, athuthela ezikhungweni ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni lapho kudingeka khona, ungathola futhi ama-PNN kwezinye izindawo, njengamasayithi okutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala.
Ingabe konke kusebenza ngendlela efanayo?
Cha, ngamunye we-PMN amhlophe egazi omhlophe ahlukene nezindima ezehlukene ezempilo nasezifweni, futhi angabandakanyeka ezinkambeni ezihlukene ohlelweni lwesimiso sokuzivikela, nakuba kukhona okunye okwenzekayo. Njengawo onke amangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, i-PMN efanayo engase ibe usizo ekuzivikelweni futhi ekulwa nokutheleleka kungenzeka, kwezinye izimo, ingabamba iqhaza emiphakathini engaba yingozi noma engalingani, njengemizwelo kanye nezimpendulo ezimbi kakhulu.
BENZANI?
Uma kuziwa ezigulini ezine-cancer, i-neutrophils yi-PMN ebaluleke kakhulu ekulwa nokutheleleka. Eqinisweni, yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu ukutheleleka-ukulwa ne-WBC, isikhathi, ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society. Ukuze uthole umuzwa omuhle wokubala kwakho kwe-neutrophil, odokotela basebenzisa isilinganiso esibizwa ngokuthi isibalo esiphelele se-neutrophil, noma i-ANC. Umuntu onempilo une-ANC phakathi kuka-2 500 no-6,000.
Imisebenzi ye-neutrophils namanye ama-PMN ahlongozwe ngezansi:
- I-neutrophils - I- Neutrophils iyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela kuma-bacteria, ama-virus, kanye nezifo ezitholakalayo, futhi yizo zokuqala ezivela endaweni yesehlakalo. Uma kukhona ukulimala kwezicubu, izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izici ze-chemotactic zikhishwa eziheha ama-neutrophils.
- Ama-Eosinophils - Ama- Eosinophils asebenza ngokuziphendulela futhi aphikisana nokutheleleka kwe-parasitic njenge-worm infestations. Amazinga aphezulu ama-eosinophil egazini angabangelwa kwezinye izimo, futhi, njengezimpendulo zamachiza.
- I-Basophils - I- Basophils nayo ihileleke ekuphenduleni kwegazi , futhi ihlanganisa i-histamine nezinye izinhlanganisela ezibangelwa ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela igazi ekugqibeleni. I-Basophils yi-bloodborne efana ne-mast cells, eboshwe ngokuyisisindo (ama-basophil asesigabeni segazi; ama-mast cells asezintanjeni).
Ama-Mast Cell in Tissues:
- Amangqamuzana amancane - Ezingxenyeni, ama- mast cells adlala indima ebalulekile ezimweni zokuphefumula nokugaya . Amangqamuzana amancane asekhona ezincane ezingu-2 ezinkulu: izicubu ezixhunyiwe kanye nama-mucosal. Kokubili ama-subtypes angakwazi ukukhipha ama-preformed granules. Izindawo ze-Mucosal ziyi-linings, njenge-lining of the amathumbu, noma i-lining of the airways. Izicubu ezixhumeneyo zikhona ezijulile kunezixhumanisi nezinye izakhiwo, futhi. Kuzo zombili izingxenye, ama-mast cells angasebenza futhi asebenze ngokweqile, noma alahle ukukhokhelwa kwama-granules. Izinto ngaphakathi kwezigunuli zazo zisebenza njengezibonakaliso zeselula futhi zisebenza emakhonsathini namanye amaseli omzimba.
Okuningi kuma-PMN nokungavikeleki
Ama-PMN ayingxenye yesistimu yokuzivikela engasetshenzisiwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi baphatha bonke abathintekayo ngendlela efanayo. Igama elithi innate lisho ukuthi lolu hlelo lukhona kusukela ekuzalweni - amaseli akudingeki afunde ukubona abahlaseli. Bawabona kusukela ekuhambeni.
Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nesistimu ye-immune etholakale. Esikhathini sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, amasosha omzimba angakwazi ukubona ummangaleli futhi anikeze impendulo yomzimba. Impendulo ivame ukuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlanganiswe, ehlanganisa amangqamuzana omzimba awaziwa njenge-B kanye ne-T lymphocytes, kanye namaseli e-antigen avelayo, noma ama-APC, asebenza ngokukhethekile ekuvikeleni i-lymphocytes ngokuqondene ne-antigen yangaphandle.
Izimo ezibandakanya amazinga angavamile we-PMNs
- Amazinga aphezulu we-neutrophils egazini avame ukubangelwa izifo, njengoba lawa maseli abizelwa ukuvikela umzimba.
- Uma umzimba ungenayo i-neutrophils eyanele, lokhu kungaqondana nomngcipheko womuntu wokuthuthukisa isifo. Ezinye izifo zokwelapha zomdlavuza zingabangela amazinga e-neutrophil ukuba awe, okuholela ekufundeni ukuthi yi-neutropenia. E-neutropenia eyenziwa yi-chemotherapy, abahlinzeki bezempilo bayalinda ingozi yokutheleleka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
- Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-eosinophils kubizwa ngokuthi i-eosinophilia , futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukusabela okweqile, ukusabela kwezidakamizwa, noma ukutheleleka ngama-parasites, futhi okungajwayelekile kanomdlavuza nezinye izimo. Ukuntuleka kulawa maseli akuvamile.
- Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-basophil kungase kwenzeke nge-hypothyroidism kanye namanye ama-cancers egazi. Okunye ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene namazinga ase-basophil ngokweqile kuhlanganisa isifo se-Crohn nesifo sofuba-okubili okubhekwa njengesifo sofuba esiswini.
Imithombo:
I-Kurashima Y, i-Kiyono H. Inkathi entsha ye-mucosal mast cell: izindima zabo ekuvuvukala, izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-adjuvant. Imithi yokuhlola kanye ne-Molecular (2014) 46, e83.
I-Canadian Cancer Society. Anatomy kanye physiology yegazi. Kufinyelele ngo 02/24/16. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/leukemia/anatomy-and-physiology/?region=on
Williams, L. "Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwe-Hematopoiesis kanye ne-Immunology: Impikiswano ye-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Abamukeli" e-Ezzone, S. (2004) Ukufakelwa kwe-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: I-Manual for Nursing Practice Oncology Inhlangano Yezobuhlengikazi: Pittsburgh, PA (pp.1- 12)