Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa (i-IDUs) baye babhekwa njengeqembu engozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV . Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi lapho izidakamizwa zokujova ziqhubeka ziwumzila omkhulu wokudluliselwa, okubalwa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-70 ezandulela i-HIV.
Ngokuvamile, sivame ukuhlobanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngokufaka izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njenge-heroin noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-heroin ne-cocaine ("speedballing").
Futhi ngenkathi lezi ziqhubeka ziba izidakamizwa ezivame ukujova ezisetshenziselwa ama-IDU anesandulela ngculazi, kuye kwaba nokushintshwa okuphathelene namaphethini wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eminyakeni yamuva.
Ngokombiko wango-2013 we-Public Health England (PHE), ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa esisijova, isithombe nesenzo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza (i-IPEDs) njenge-anabolic steroids kanye ne-hormone yokukhula komuntu (HGH) iyaqhubeka, ingozi ye-HIV ilingana lokho kubasebenzisi be-heroin ababelana ngezilingane.
Eqinisweni, kwezinye izingxenye zase-UK, abasebenzisi be-IPED babela iqembu elilodwa, elikhulu kunazo zonke labantu abafinyelela izinhlelo zokushintshanisa izinaliti, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi oye wavezwa ukuthi une-HIV , isifo sofuba (HBV) , noma i- hepatitis C (HCV) . Lo mbiko ubuye wachaza ukwanda okwesabekayo, okuphindwe kathathu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-amphetamines angenayo (kufaka phakathi i- crystal methamphetamine ne-mephedrone) phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-IPED.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sohlu lokutadisha sasiyiminyaka engu-28, kanti abangu-36% babika ukuthi bathathe i-anabolic steroids isikhathi esingangeminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu.
Ngokuvamile, cishe u-18% wabika ukuthi bahlanganyela inaliti noma isiliva, ukwabelana nge-vial vial, noma kokubili lapho bethatha i-IPED.
I-HIV ne-Anabolic Steroid Ukusetshenziswa
Nakuba sivame ukuhlobanisa i-anabolic steroids ne-bodybuilders kanye nabagijimi bokusebenza, bangasetshenziswa ukuphatha izimo ezihambisana ne-HIV. Imithi yokwelapha i-antibolic steroid ngezinye izikhathi iboniswa kubantu abaye babhekana nokuqothulwa kanzima ngenxa ye-HIV noma ukulahleka okukhulu kwemisipha ngenxa ye- lipodystrophy (ukuphindaphinda kwesinye isikhathi okungaqondakali kwamafutha omzimba).
I-Testosterone yokwelashwa esikhundleni sokusebenza ibuye isetshenziselwe amadoda nabesifazane abane-HIV abaye babhekana namazinga aphethwe yi-testosterone ( hypogonadism ).
Ngenkathi izinguqulo ezingenayo injectable yalezi zidakamizwa zitholakalayo-kuhlanganise imithi yomlomo, ama-patch transdermal, kanye nama-creical-injection-ngokuvamile avunyelwe ngaphakathi kwendlela yokwelashwa kwezokwelapha.
Kungaphandle kwalesi simo, endaweni yokuthuthukiswa kwesithombe nokusebenza, ukuthi ingozi ye-HIV ibonakala iyanda. Kubikwe namuhla ukuthi ngaphakathi kweNgilandi naseWales, esifundeni lapho ukucwaninga kwe-PHE kugxilwe khona, cishe kuvela kubantu abangu-37 000 kuya ku-82 000 abaye basebenzisa i-anabolic steroids phakathi nonyaka.
I-Anabolic Steroids nama-Amphetamines
Phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-IPED ocwaningweni, ukusetshenziselwa okuhambisanayo kwamamfetamine ejojwayo kubonakala kuphakanyiswe ikakhulukazi kubantu abesilisa nabesilisa (MSM) . Ngokusho kocwaningo, omunye wabahlanganyeli abane wabika ukujova izidakamizwa ezingokomzimba, okungu-25% okwabelwana ngawo ngenaliti noma ngesirinji.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kusungulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-amphetamines angenayo (umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi "slamming") ungandisa amathuba okudluliswa kwe-HIV-hhayi nje kuphela uma izinaliti zibelwana. Ukuthatha ingozi ngokocansi kuyaziwa ngokunyuka ngaphansi kwethonya le-crystal methamphetamine kanye nezidakamizwa zamagumbi afanayo.
Ngenkathi lokhu kungabika ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka nge-HIV okubonwe phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bokucwaninga, jikelele kuphela u-5% wabika ukujova izidakamizwa ezingokwengqondo futhi 9% kuphela alaba babelane ngenaliti. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-amphetamine kuhambelana nokwandisa ingozi yokudlulisela umuntu ngesinye isinye, akusho ukuthi kwenzeke ukukhulelwa kwe-HIV / HBV / HCV ebonweni abasebenzisi be-IPED.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ingozi YokuThuthukiswa
Enye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubungozi be-HIV kubasebenzisi be-IPED ngukuqala ukuvuma ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-anabolic steroids, i-HGH, i-testosterone, noma i-griadotropin ye-chorionic yabantu inobungozi obufanayo nanoma imuphi omunye umuthi ongenayo.
Ngakho-ke, imithetho efanayo iyasebenza lapho kuncishiswa ukuziphatha okungozini, okungukuthi:
- Ungahlanganyeli izinaliti noma izinsiza, futhi ugweme ukwabelana nge-IPED isikhala phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaningi.
- Finyelela ohlelweni lokushintshanisa inaliti ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unalitile eziningana noma izilinganiso.
- Uma uzithola usesimweni lapho izinaliti zabiwe noma zisetshenziselwa kabusha, thatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi zisetshenziswa nge-disinfected phakathi kokusetshenziswa.
- Gwema ukusetshenziswa kwe-IPED ngenkathi ungaphansi kokuthwala utshwala, izidakamizwa noma yiyiphi into engathinta isahlulelo sakho. Funa ukwelashwa okufanele uma kwenzeka utshwala noma ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.
- Uma wabelana ngezinaliti futhi ukwesaba ukuthi utholakale ne-HIV, hamba emtholampilo wakho oseduzane noma ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka ukuthola ukufinyelela kwe-post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP ), eyaziwa ukunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka nge-HIV.
Futhi ekugcineni, khumbula ukuthi i-HIV akuyona kuphela ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-IPED. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-anabolic steroids kanye ne-testosterone kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zesibindi, kubandakanya i-cirrhosis nomdlavuza. I-acne, i-pattern bald, i-testicular shrinkage, ukungasebenzi kocansi, ukukhulisa isisu, ukukhulisa isifuba, nokukhwabanisa "(ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu nokukhathazeka) kubuye kuphawulwe.
Umthombo:
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Ithemba, V .; UMcveigh, J .; UMarongui, A .; et al. "Ukuvama, nezifo ezingezinhle, i-HIV, izifo ze-hepatitis B kanye no-C phakathi kwamadoda abafaka izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa isithombe nokusebenza: isifundo se-cross-sectional." I-British Journal of Medicine. Ngo-Septhemba 12, 2013; 3 (9): e003027.
Ihhovisi laseKhaya. "Umhlahlandlela Womsebenzisi Wokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa: Ukuthola Okuvela KuCwaningo Lwezobugebengu e-England naseWales." ILondon, eNgilandi; Julayi 25, 2013.
Grinspoon, S. "Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Androgens ngamadoda nabesifazane abathintekayo nge-HIV." Odokotela Research Network Notebook. Mashi 2005.