I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid isifo esibangele ukuvuvukala esibonakala ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokuqina komunye noma amalunga amaningana. Ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kokuhamba, ukuhlukumeza izifo zokugula, nokukhubazeka okuhlangene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, amehlo, kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza nayo ingathinteka, yandisa ingozi yokukhubazeka nokufa.
Ngokuqonda izibonakaliso nezimpawu zesifo samathambo, ungafuna ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.
Izimpawu Zokuqala
Okwenza i- arthritis ye-rheumatoid ephazamisayo ukuthi akukho amacala amabili afanayo. Ngenkathi abanye bezokhula kancane kancane ngezikhathi eziqhubekayo zokuxolelwa , abanye bayashesha ngokushesha futhi kunzima.
Ngokuvamile, izibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo zivame ukungacacisi, mhlawumbe ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukuqina okudlulayo ngokunyakaza okuncane. Amalunga amancane avame ukuthinteka okokuqala, njengalawo isandla noma izinyawo. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, izimpawu ziyohlala zihlala zingelapheki, ziqhubekela phambili kancane kodwa ziphikelela ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kodwa, lokhu akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezingamaphesenti angaba ngu-10 kuya kumaphesenti angama-20 amacala, izimpawu zokuqala zizobe zenzeke ngokuzumayo futhi zikhulu, zilandelwe isikhathi eside esingenayo izimpawu nhlobo. Abanye bangase babe nezimpawu zangaphakathi eziza nokuhamba njalo.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-rheumatoid arthritis zihlanganisa:
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene , ukuvuvukala, nokuqina
- Ukufudumala nokubomvu ngokuzungezile okuhlangene okuthintekile
- Ukuqina kokusa ekuseni okuvame ukuthuthukisa emaminithini angu-30
- Ukukhathala kanye ne- malaise (umuzwa jikelele wokungahloni)
- I-low-grade fever futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, izimpawu ezifana ne-flu
Ngenkathi lesi sifo singase sibe ne-joint eyodwa kuphela (i- monoarthritis ), ngokuvamile izothinta amalunga engeziwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi (i- polyarthritis) .
Iphethini lamalungu ahlangene, okwamanje, azovame ukulinganisa, okusho ukuthi noma yimuphi ohlangene ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba uzothinteka komunye.
Ukunyuka kwezifo
I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid yinkinga engapheli, eqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kokuba ukuvuvukala okuyisisekelo kungafakwa ekuxoxweni , lesi sifo sizoqhubeka sithuthukisa, singabangeli ubuhlungu kanye nokuqina kodwa kungonakali ubuqotho bokuhlanganyela.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impendulo engaphenduliyo yokuziphendulela izomonakalisa isikhwama se- synovial esikhaleni esivumelanisiwe, siphumelele izicubu ezihlangene kanye namathambo, futhi kubangele ukuhlanganiswa kwamalungu, ukukhawulela okuqhubekayo ekuhambeni kokuhamba . Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emajoyini anesisindo lapho umonakalo ungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuhamba.
I-Edema , ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezibangelwa ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi, kubuye kuvamile. Njengoba i-arthritis ye-rhumatoid, isimo sivame ukungena kwendawo, okusho ukuthi kuyobangela ukuvuvukala zombili zomzimba, kaningi izinyawo, izinyawo, imilenze, izingalo nezandla.
Ekugcineni, njengoba izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe zesibambiswano zibhujiswa, zizoqala ukulahlekelwa ukuma nokulungiswa kwazo, okuholela ekuqotheni okuhlangene. Izibonelo ezivamile zalokhu zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphambuka kwe-Ulnar ( ukungaziphathi kahle kwamajoyini amakhulu ku-knuckles)
- Isivumelwano sokuhlanganyela (ukuhlungwa okubambisana kokuhlanganiswa)
- Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesandla (ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa kwamathambo esundu)
Ngokuvamile kulesi sigaba ukuthi ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zikhule zingakhula.
Izinkinga
Ngokungafani ne- osteoarthritis (i-arthritis ("yokugqoka nokugabha"), isifo samathambo angeke sithinte amajoyina kuphela kodwa sibangele ukuvuvukala kwesimiso (umzimba wonke) okungahlasela wonke amasimu omzimba emzimbeni.
Ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo wokuvuvukala, izicubu ezibushelelezi nezimbungulu zingaqala ukuvumelanisa, zikhuni, futhi zilahlekelwe ukuguquguquka kwazo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni komzimba, ukufa kweseli, kanye nokwakhiwa okungavamile koketshezi futhi kuphelile.
Izikhumba Nezikhumba
Amaphesenti angama-20 kuya kumaphesenti angama-30 abantu abanesifo samathambo esiba nesifo samathambo bazoba nezinkinga ezinzima ngaphansi kwesikhumba okuthiwa i- rheumatoid nodules . Zingaba njengezincane njenge-pea noma zikhulu njenge-walnut futhi zivame ukukhula ezinhlangothini, emadolweni noma emathangeni. Ukuhlambalaza, izilonda, kanye ne-blister kungabuye kuvame ngesifo kamuva.
Esinye isimo, esaziwa ngokuthi i- Sjogren's syndrome , sihilela ukuvuvukala kwamadonsi ezinyembezi kanye nezigulane ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ukuvuvukala kwalezi zicubu kunganciphisa ukukhala kwezinyembezi namathe, okuholela emehlweni anomile nomlomo owomile . Ukomile kwamagagasi, isikhumba esomile, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo nokukhathala nakho kuvamile. Isifo sika-Sjogren sithinta phakathi kwamaphesenti ayishumi namaphesenti angu-15 esifo se-arthritis se-rheumatoid futhi singaholela emithanjeni yamazinyo, izifo zesilonda, nezinkinga zombono.
Izinkinga ze-Cardiovascular
I-Pericarditis , ukuvuvukala kwebhande elizungeze inhliziyo, kubhekene nobuhlungu besifuba kanye nokuqoqwa kohlobo olusetshenzisiwe (i-pericardial effusion). Ukukhathala, ukuphefumula, nokuthuthukiswa kwamagundane nakho kujwayelekile. I-Pericarditis iyinkomba eqinile ye- coronary heart disease , imbangela eholela ekufeni kwabantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid
Ngaphandle kokuvuvukala kwenhliziyo, isifo samathambo singathinta imithwalo yegazi futhi siholele ekuxukeni okubizwa ngokuthi i- vasculitis . I-Vasculitis ibonakala ngokucindezelwa kwama-capillari kuze kufike lapho ukujikeleza kungaqedwa khona. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-vasculitis yizindawo ezimnyama zezicubu ezifile ngaphansi kwezikhonkwane zakho, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-digital infarcts. I-Vasculitis ingathinta futhi izinzwa zezandla nezinyawo zakho, kubangele ukuzwa okunomunyu, okuvuthayo nokuvuthayo. I-fever, ukukhathala, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nobuhlungu bomzimba nobuhlungu buhlangene nazo zivamile.
Izinkinga zomlilo
Ukuvuvukala kwendwangu emaphaphini, okuthiwa i- pleuritis , kungaholela ekwakheni kwamanzi kanye nomkhawulo wokuphefumula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvuvukala nokuthuthukiswa kwama-nodules kungabangela ukonakala okukhulu (i-fibrosis) yesikhala sokukhala. Ababhemayo abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid bahlatshwa kanzima kakhulu ngalokhu futhi cishe banomdlavuza ongapheli obstructive (COPD) kunabalingani babo abangabhemi.
Izimpawu ze-pleuritis zihlanganisa ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula okusheshayo nokukhwehlela owomile.
Izinkinga Zamehlo
I-Sjogren's syndrome yimbangela enkulu yezinkinga eziphathelene ne-rheumatoid ye-arthritis. Ukomisa isikhathi eside kweso kungase kuholele ekusweleni, ukuguliswa, ukutheleleka, ngisho nokukhwabanisa kwe- cornea .
I-scleritis yenye ingcindezi yamehlo ebangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-sclera (okumhlophe kweso). Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubomvu, ukudubula ngokweqile, nokuzwela okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuvuvukala kungabangela ukulimala kombono nokulahlekelwa kweso, kufaka phakathi i-glaucoma, i-cataracts, ne-peripheral keratitis (ulceration of both corneas).
Isibikezelo
Ngisho nabantu abane-arthritis elawulwa yi-rheumatoid, kungase kube nezikhathi lapho ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kuzophazamiseka ngokuzumayo. Kungase kubangele ukukhulelwa ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka, impendulo eyanciphisa ukwelashwa, ukutheleleka, noma ngisho nokudla okunye esikudlayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenzeka kube khona isizathu esiyaziwayo.
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-Flares angahlala izinyanga ngaphambi kokuxazulula ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwabo noma ngokulawulwa ngokuphathwa .
Ukuvama nokuqina kwala ma-flare kubalulekile njengoba bekwazi ukunikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuthi lesi sifo sithuthuka kancane kangakanani noma ngokushesha nokuthi yini okungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela (ukubikezelwa) kungenzeka. Phakathi kwezici ezingathonya ukubikezela:
- Kutholakala ukuthi usemncane (ngaphansi kuka-40) noma ube nesifo iminyaka eminingi
- Ukuba nomonakalo ohlangene wokuxilongwa
- Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ye- anti-CCP ekuxilongweni
- Ama-flares ajwayelekile, aqinile, noma ahlala njalo
- Ukuba yisikhathi eside, ukubhema okukhulu
- Ukukhuluphala (isibalo sabantu abaningi abangaphezu kuka-30)
- Ukwanda kwenani lamalungu kuphazamiseke
- Ukuphathwa kwezifo ezimbi (kufaka phakathi ama-aphoyintimenti alahlekile, izikhala ekukhatheni, njll)
- Ukuvuvukala okungalawuliwe njengoba kulinganiswa yi- ESR ne- CRP
- Ubuhlungu obujwayelekile nokuqina okungahambisani
Abantu abanezici ezithile noma eziningi zalezi zinkinga kungenzeka ukuthi bangakwazi ukuzwa ukugula okungathí sina ngaphandle kokuthi izimo eziyingozi ezingaguquki (njengokubhema noma ukunamathela kwezidakamizwa) zingashintshwa.
Ukulindela Ukuphila
I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ihlotshaniswa nokuphila okunciphise isikhathi eside ngenxa yenkinga yezifo zesikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kokuba ukugula okuzenzakalelayo kuphethwe ngendlela efanele, izimpawu eziqhubekayo zinganciphisa iminyaka engama-10 kuya kwengu-15 kusukela empilweni yakho yokuphila.
Izifo zenhliziyo zihlala ziyisizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kubantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid, isimo esicindezelwa ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukubhema, nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abaningi abangamaphesenti angu-40 okufa kubantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid bangabhekana ngokuqondile nemicimbi yezinhliziyo.
Ukuba ne-arthritis ye-rhumum ephindelela kabili ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Ingozi isondela cishe kathathu uma ngabe unesi sifo seminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu. Ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuvivinya umzimba nokuqeda ukubhema kungadala kakhulu lezo zinselele kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isigaba sesifo.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
I-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ingasabisa, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimpawu kodwa ukungabi nakanjani ngalokho okuzayo. Ungavumeli lokhu kukuvimbele ekubeni uthathe isinyathelo uma usola ukuthi unesifo.
Inzuzo yokuxilongwa ngokushesha ukuthi ikuvumela ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Kalula nje, ngokushesha uma ubeke imishanguzo yokuguqula izifo , imiphumela yakho yesikhathi eside yesikhathi esizayo izoba ngcono.
Kuze kube sekugcineni, kufanele ubone uma udokotela uma kwenzeka uzwa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuqina komunye oyedwa noma ngaphezulu
- Amajoyina abomvu noma afudumele kulokhu okuthinta
- Ukuqina okuhlangene njalo ekuseni
- Kunzima ukuhambisa imisebenzi ehlangene noma yokwenza nsuku zonke
- Isiqephu sobuhlungu obuhlangene nokuqina okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma unomlando womndeni we-arthritis ye-rheumatoid. Ukuba nomfowenu noma umzali onesifo samathambo cishe kubuyele engozini ye-arthritis ye-rheumatoid, ngenkathi unesihlobo sesibili sesibili sandisa ingozi yakho kabili.
> Imithombo:
> Singh, J .; I-Saag, K .; Amabhuloho, uL. et al. "Umhlahlandlela we-American American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Arthritis Res. 2016: 68 (1); 1-25. I-DOI: 10.1002 / acr.22783.
> Smolen, J .; Aletaha, D .; noMcInnes, I. "I-rheumatoid arthritis. " Lancet. 2017; 388 (10055): 2023-38. I-DOI: 10.1016 / So140-6736 (16) 30173-8.
> Van den Hoek, J .; Boshuizen, H .; Roorda, L. et al. "Ukufa kwabantu abagulayo abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid: isifundo seqembu esingaba ngu-15." Rheuma Int. 2017; 37 (4): 487-93. I-DOI: 10.1007 / s00296-016-3638-5.