Ukwelashwa kwesifo se- sinus kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-sinusitis nomthombo wokuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka emmpandeni. I-sinusitis enamandla ye-viral ingakwazi ukuxazulula eyedwa futhi ukwelashwa kungenxa yokuphumula kwesibonakaliso, kuyilapho isifo se-bacteria sinusitis singasindiswa kaningi ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Ukwelapha izifo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekutheleleni kwesifo esiyingozi noma esingapheli nakho kungasiza.
I-sinusitis engapheli ingase ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba izicubu ezigulayo noma ezingavamile zingavimbela izigxobo zesono futhi zidinga ukuhlinzwa. Uma i-fungus, esikhundleni se-bacterium, ikhulile phakathi kwe-sinus, imithi elwa ne-fungal kanye nokuhlinzwa okungapheli kungadingeka ukuyikhipha.
Amakhambi asekhaya kanye nendlela yokuphila
Kunezimbalwa ezimbalwa ezisekhaya-izikhambi ezinganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-sinus. Ukunisela okumanzi ngamanzi okusawoti kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezenzelwe izimpawu zesifo esingapheli kubantu abadala, nakuba izifundo zingabonakali inzuzo kubantwana. Ukunisela kwamanzi okulula kulula ukwenza ekhaya usebenzisa ibhodlela le-neti noma ezinye izindlela zokuhlanza isinus.
Ukusebenzisa i-vaporizer ye-steam noma i- humidifier efudumele noma efudumele ingasiza ukugcina umcubu wakho uphansi. Ukwehla kwesithambile okuxubene ne- eucalyptus , chamomile, noma i-peppermint kungasiza. Nakuba kungekho ucwaningo lwesayensi ukuthi lezi zithasiselo zithuthukisa izimpawu, ungase uzithole zithuthukisa.
(Qaphela: ama-vaporizers ashisayo ayingozi futhi akufanele asetshenziswe ezungeze izingane.)
Amanye amathiphu awusizo:
- Ifule elishisayo lizokhulula ubuhlungu, likhuthaze amanzi, futhi livule izibhamu zesinus.
- Nciphisa ubuhlungu obusweni nokuvuvukala ngokusebenzisa i-compress efudumele ebusweni bakho.
- Phuza okuningi uketshezi futhi uthole ukuphumula okuningi.
Imithi yokwelapha ngaphezulu
Ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic kanye nemithi elwa ne-fungal, okuyizinkomba, noma yimiphi imithi enconyiwe yesinitis iwukuba ukuphathwa kwezimpawu futhi hhayi ukuphulukisa ukutheleleka. Izimpawu ezisemqoka kakhulu ezifuna ukwelapha zihlobene nobuhlungu besinus , ukuxubana , nokutholakala komzimba. Ngisho noma imithi eminingi ebalwe ngezansi itholakale ngaphezu kwe-counter, kufanele uhlole njalo nodokotela wakho noma ummithi ngaphambi kokuthatha imithi emisha noma ukuhlanganisa imithi.
Ukukhululwa kwe-Sinus Pain Relief
I-sinusitis ingabangela ikhanda, izinyosi, ubuhlungu nokucindezeleka ebusweni. Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obukhulu kunakho konke kungasiza ekulawuleni ukungahambi kahle futhi kufaka:
- I-Tylenol (i-acetaminophen)
- U-Advil, uMotrin (ibuprofen)
- I-Aleven (naproxen)
- Aspirin
Ezinye zalezi mithi zingahlanganiswa; isibonelo, abadala abadala abanempilo bangathatha kokubili i-acetaminophen ne-ibuprofen kanyekanye, uma nje belandela imiyalelo yokulandelela ehlanganiswe nephakheji. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuba ibuprofen ne-naproxen zingaboniswa , njengoba isenzo salezi zidakamizwa ezimbili sifana kakhulu. I-aspirin iyigazi elimnandi kakhulu futhi akufanele lithathwe yilowo nalowo osuvele ethatha igazi elincane, noma abantu abanezimo ezithile ezibeka ingozi kakhulu.
U-aspirin akufanele unikezwe izingane ngenxa yengozi ye-Reye's syndrome.
Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi nakakhulu emva kokuthatha i-aspirin, ungase ube omunye wabambalwa abangenangqondo abanokungahambisani kwe-aspirin okwenyusa kakhulu izimpawu zesinusitis. Izimpawu zihlanganisa imizwa yokuqina esifubeni, ukukhwehlela, ukukhwehlela, nokuhlanganiswa kwamanzi okungazelelwe phakathi namahora ambalwa okuthatha aspirin, ibuprofen, noma naproxen. Uma usola ukuthi ungase ube nalesi simo, gwema ukuthatha le mithi bese usebenzisa i-acetaminophen esikhundleni.
Uma ukuphulukiswa kobuhlungu obuningi ngaphezu kwe-counter kuyinto engasebenzi ekulawuleni ubuhlungu, buza udokotela wakho.
Ukuxoshwa Kwama-Nasal Ukuxoshwa
Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal, impumu egijima, kanye nokugubha emva kokugcina kungase kube izimpawu zesinusitis. I-saline nasal spray ne-Mucinex (guaifenesin) basebenza ukuze banciphise umcucu wakho futhi basize ukuba ilula kalula, engasiza ekunciphiseni ukuxubana. Njengazo ezinye izindlela zokunisela ngamanzi, ukuhluma kwe-saline nasal kunconywa kubantu abadala abane-sinusitis ye-bacterial acute nes sinusitis engapheli.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemithi ehlukumezeka kakhulu ye-counter-counter-control etholakalayo ukulawula izimpawu kulabo abane-sinusitis engapheli. Ukusetshenziswa kumele kulinganiswe ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ukugwema ukuhlanganiswa okuvukelayo , okwenzeka lapho umzimba uphendula ekugqibeleni ukugqothula ngokukhiqiza ukuvuvukala. Ama-decongestants awanconywa ngabantu abadala noma izingane ezine-sinusitis enzima, njengoba izifundo azibonanga nzuzo. Izibonelo zama-decongestants zihlanganisa:
- I-Afrin (oxymetazoline) i-spray spray
- I-Sudafed (i-pseudoephedrine)
- I-Sudafed PE (phenylephrine)
Kukhona futhi ama- sprays angaphezu kwe-counter- steroid nasal angasiza ekuphatheni ukucinana, ikakhulukazi nge-sinusitis engapheli. Lokhu kudinga ukuthathwa isikhathi eside ukuze uthole inzuzo egcwele. Baphephile ukusebenzisa usuku nosuku isikhathi esengeziwe. Zihlanganisa:
- I-Flonase (i-fluticasone)
- I-Nasacort (i-triamcinolone acetonide)
Ama-antihistamine
Imithi ye-Antihistamine ingase isebenze "ukuma", kodwa iphumelela kakhulu kubantu abahlakulela i-sinusitis ngenxa yomzimba. Njengama-decongestants, awanconywa ngabantu abadala noma izingane ezine-sinusitis e-bacterial acute. Amanye ama-antihistamine abangela ukulala, okungase kube nenzuzo uma ungakwazi ukulala ebusuku ngenxa yezimpawu eziphazamisayo. Uma ufuna i-antihistamine engakusiza futhi ukuphumula, okulandelayo kwaziwa ngokubangela ukulala:
- I-Benadryl (i-diphenhydramine)
- I-Unisom (i-doxylamine)
Ama-antihistamine alandelayo abhekwa njengengabuthongo:
- I-Allegra (i-fexofenadine hydrochloride)
- I-Claritin (i-loratadine)
- I-Zyrtec (cetirizine hydrochloride)
I-antihistamine spray nasal iyatholakala. Lezi zidakamizwa azibeka engozini yokuhlanganiswa okuphindaphindiwe.
Nakuba imithi ingaba usizo ekwelapheni i-sinusitis, ungase udingeke uzame ezinye iziphakamiso, njengokushintsha kokunisela noma ukuguqula indlela yokuphila, ukunciphisa izimpawu zesinusitis.
Imigomo
Udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi engasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu kanye nokuphatha imbangela eyinhloko ye-sinusitis.
Imithi ye-Prescription Steroid
Uma i-sprays yama-steroid yama-salidi engaphezu kwe-counter ayisebenzeli, ungaphendula kangcono emithonjeni ye-steroid kadokotela, okufaka:
- I-Nasonex (i-mometasone)
- I-Rhinocort (i-budesonide)
Lezi zitshalo ze-steroid zamasalula ezisebenza ukuvula imigwaqo yokuphumula ngokukhulula ukuvuvukala. Ziphakeme kunezidakamizwa ze-steroid ezithathwe ifomu lepilisi ngoba azibi nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni wonke. Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma izipucu zomzimba zingasebenzi ngendlela yokuphatha ukugonyana kwakho, udokotela wakho angase anike i-steroid yomlomo (prednisone). I-steroid ye-oral isetshenziselwa isifo se-fungal sinusitis.
I-steroid nasal sprays, amaconsi, noma i-corticosteroids yomlomo ingase isetshenziswe futhi uma unama-polyp nasal okufaka isandla kwisono. Ayikho ingozi yokuhlanganiswa okwehlulekayo nokusebenzisa kwabo.
Leukotriene Modifiers
Elinye iqembu lemithi yomlomo elibizwa ngokuthi i-leukotriene modifiers lingase lizuze abanye abantu abane-sinusitis engapheli nalabo abane-sinusitis ehlotshaniswa ne-aspirin yokungezwani komzimba. Le mithi kadokotela ihlanganisa:
- I-Singulair (i-montelukast)
- I-Accolate (zafirlukast)
Ama-antibiotics
Ama-antibiotics awaphiwe kuze kube khona ukuthi kunesifo sokuthi igciwane liyi-bacterial kune-viral. Isifo se-bacterial acute sinusitis sithathwa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala uma izimpawu zingaphuthuki ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, zinzima izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, noma kukhona ukubonakala okubonakala kabili ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine (izimpawu zenze ngcono, zaze zaba nzima kakhulu futhi). Udokotela angasebenzisa isikhathi sezinsuku ezintathu zokuqapha ngaphambi kokubeka ama-antibiotics ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini okungcono ngaphandle kwabo ukugwema ukubeka izidakamizwa ngokungadingekile.
Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abangekho engozini yokuthola isifo esibangelwa ama-bacterium anomelana angase aphathwe ngezinga elivamile le- amoxicillin . Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic kubantu abadala kufanele kuqhutshwe izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ezinganeni, kufanele zinikezwe izinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14.
Lezi zici eziyingozi zokulwa nokulwa namagciwane zihlanganisa ukungaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65; ukuthatha ama-antibiotics ngenyanga edlule; esesibhedlela eminyakeni emihlanu edlule; ukuzivikela okungekho emthethweni; noma abe nezinye izimo zezempilo ezihambisanayo. Labo abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya emelana nalabo abangathuthuki kwi-amoxicillin ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezinhlanu banganikwa i-amoxicillin noma i-high-dose Augmentin ES (i-amoxicillin-clavulanate).
Ezinye izindlela zingabandakanya u-Omnicef (cefdinir), Ceftin (cefuroxime), i-Vantin (cefpodoxime), noma, uma othile ezwa ukuhlanza, ukudubula kwe-Rocephin (ceftriaxone). Kubantwana kanye nabantu abadala abanomdlavuza omkhulu we-penicillin, i-Biaxin (i-clarithromycin), iZithromax (i- azithromycin ), noma i-Cleocin (i-clindamycin) ingasetshenziswa. Ngenxa yokuthi amabhaktheriya amaningi awaphikisana nemithi elwa namagciwane amadala, i-Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) ne-Pediazole (erythromycin-sulfisoxazole) ayinakusetshenziswa kangako.
Abantu abakwahluleka ukuphendula ama-antibiotic amabili bangase baphathwe nge-cefotaxime engenawo noma i-ceftriaxone, noma bathunyelwe kuchwepheshe we-ENT ukuthatha amasiko wesono noma ukwenza izifundo ze-imaging ukuze babheke izimbangela ezingenasifo.
Endabeni ye-sinusitis engapheli, ama-antibiotic angase asetshenziswe uma unegciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma uma udokotela engakwazi ukukhipha isifo. Inkambo yama-antibiotic ingase ilandiswe emavikini amane kuya kwanguyisithupha.
Ama-Antifungal Agents
Imithi ye-Antifungal ngokuvamile ayinikezwa isifo sosusitis sama-fungal noma sinusitis engeyona engavamile yesikhunta (i-fungus ball noma i-mycetoma). Imithi ye-Antifungal ingase ibekwe ukuba i-sinusitis ye-fungal ehlasela, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlinza.
Immunotherapy for Allergies
Uma isifo sakho se-sinusitis sibangelwa noma sidabukisiwe yizifo (okubandakanya ukungezwani komzimba), i-allergenist ingakunika izidakamizwa zokungabi namagciwane noma imithi yomlomo ukuze ikuficele amandla kulabo abakhuthazayo. Lezi zenziwe ngezifiso kumuntu ngamunye futhi zanda kancane inani le-allergen ukunciphisa ukuzwela kwakho. Ukwelapha ukuxoshwa komzimba kungenziwa nakwabo abanesifo sabo se-aspirin esibangelwa yisususitis yabo.
Izinqubo Eziqondene Nezici
Ama-tissue ekhulisiwe, ukukhula okungavamile, izicubu ezibomvu kanye nokungahleleki kwesakhiwo kungavimbela izoni futhi zibe nomthelela ekufweni kwezifo eziphindaphindiwe nezingapheliyo. Lezi zivame zidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze zithole futhi zingenziwa ngumchwepheshe we-ENT.
Ukuhlinzeka nge-sinus kungenziwa njalo nge-endoscope futhi kungenasidingo. Ithuluzi elincane le-fiber-optic ludluliselwa emakhaleni angena emagodini ensimbi futhi akudingeki ukuthi kutholakale ukuchotshozwa. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngesineke, kodwa ungathola i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngenkathi uvame ukubuyela ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo, udinga ukuba unakekelwa omunye umuntu omdala amahora angu-24 futhi akufanele uqhube.
I-adenoids ekhulisiwe ngemuva komphimbo ingasuswa yi-adenoidectomy, evame ukuyenza njengokuhlinzwa kwansuku zonke futhi yenziwa ngomlomo.
Ama-turbinates ayakhiwa emaqenjini angamazinyo afudumele futhi avuse umoya ophefumulayo. Bangakwazi ukukhuliswa futhi bangase bahlakulele iphaketheni lomoya emoyeni we-turbinate obizwa nge-concha bullosa. Lezi zinkinga zingalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa okuphelile.
Ungase ube ne-septum ephukile, ucezu lwe-cartilage ohlukanisa amakha akho, ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa noma ukulimala. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-septoplasty kulungisa le nkinga. Amanye amaphutha okuzalwa ebusweni (njengama-cleft palate) noma ukulimala kungadinga ukulungiswa okuhlinzekwayo uma befaka isandla ku-sinusitis.
Ama-polyp nasal yizinhlayiyana ezinamahloni ezingathuthuka ngenxa yokuvuvukala bese zifaka phambili ekuvimbeleni izono nesinusitis. Zingasuswa nge-endoscopic operation. Izicubu ezinonya noma ezinobungozi yizimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuvinjelwa kwe-sinus ezingasuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal sinus kungadinga ukuhlinzekwa kwe-sinus ukuxazulula njengebhola le-fungal noma ukutheleleka kwe-fungal okungavumelekile kungase kungasuswa imithi ye-antifungal yedwa. Ukuhlinzwa okungapheli kungaba ukuhlanza izinto ezithathelwanayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izicubu ezonakalisiwe.
Imithi Ephelele (CAM)
Ukunisela kwamanzi kuyisinye ukwelashwa kwe-CAM esiye sajwayelekile futhi sinconywa ngabadokotela abavamile kubantu abadala abane-sinusitis. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ze-CAM / izindlela zingase ziphakanyiswe, njengezansi, kepha akukho nje ukucwaninga okwanele okusekelayo okuzowaphakamisa kuleli phuzu.
I-Bromelain yinto evame ukutholakala kuma- apinaphile asetshenzisiwe ekufakweni komlomo. Iphula amaprotheni futhi ikholelwa ukuthi i-mucus encane emicimbini yomzimba futhi ibe nemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala. I-German Commission E (elilingana nezwe le-FDA) igunyazisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo ekuphatheni isono nokuvuvukala kwesisu. Abantu basebenzise i-sinusitis enobuhlungu kanye ne-sinusitis engapheli, futhi kube nezifundo ezincane ezibonakalayo ukubonisa ezinye imiphumela.
Abaningi bemithi yokwelapha bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhathazeka kokudla kungabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-sinus ne-sinusitis, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kungasekelwa ngemithi ejwayelekile. Ukukhathazeka kwamabele, ukolweni, ama-orang, noma ushukela kuthiwa kukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-mucus, kanti abanye bangase bacabange ukususa lokhu kokudla ekudleni kwabo ukuze babone ukuthi kuyasiza yini.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelapha okunye, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngokusetshenziswa kwalokhu noma ezinye izinketho ezinjalo nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko kuqala. Ukwelapha isimo futhi ukugwema noma ukubambezela ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile. Futhi, izithako angeke ziphephile kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abahlengikazi, izingane, nalabo abaphuza imithi engase baxoxe nabo.
Imithombo:
> Büttner Lm Achilles N, Böhm M, Shah-Hosseini K, Mösges R. Ukusebenza nokubekezela kwe-Bromelain ezigulini ezine-Rhinosinusitis engapheli-IsiFundo Sokuhlola. B-ENT . 2013: 9 (3): 217-25.
> Chow AW, Benninger MS, Brook I, et al. I-IDSA Isiqondiso Sokuziphatha Ngokwemitholampilo ye-Acterial Rhinosinusitis Eyabantwana Nezingane Ezinkulu. I-Dis Infect Dis . 2012; 54 (8): e72-e112.
> Shaikh N, Wald ER. Ama-decongestants, ama-antihistamines no-Irrigation ye-Nasal ye-Acute Sinusitis e-Children. I-Cochrane Database yezibuyekezo ezihleliwe . 2014. ini: 10.1002 / 14651858.cd007909.pub4.
> Ukwelapha i-Chronic Sinusitis. I-Health Informed Online: Isikhungo Sobuningi Nokusebenza Kwezempilo. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072668/.
> Wald ER, Applegate KE, Bordley C, et al. Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenza Ngokwemitholampilo Wokuthola Ukuphathwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Ezinganeni Ezikhulile 1 kuya ku-18. Izingane zokwelapha . 2013; 132 (1): e262-80.