I-asthma iyisifo esingenasifo samaphaphu, okuholela eziqhingini eziphindaphindiwe zomsindo (umsindo ozwakalayo ozwakalayo ovela ngesikhathi sokuphefumula nokuphuma), ukuzwa kwesifubeni noma isisindo, umqondo wokungatholi umoya owanele (ukuphefumula), futhi ukukhwehlela. Kubantu abane-asthma, ama-airway amaphaphu ayavuvukala, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwe-airways.
Imisipha ezungeze imimoya yomoya iyaba yinto ezwela kakhulu futhi inkontileka yokubhekana nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, okwenza ukuthi izimpawu zesifo sofuba zivele.
Yini Ebangela Ukuba Isifuba Sibe Nesibi?
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokubangela ezingaba zimbi kakhulu izimpawu ze-asthma. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuvivinya umzimba, izifo zokuphefumula (ikakhulukazi ezibandayo), izifo ezivuthayo (ezifana ne- pollens , izinhlamvu zezibunji, i-pet dander, nezibungu), ama-irritants (afana nentuthu kagwayi), imizwa eqinile, ukucindezeleka noma ngisho nokushintsha kwe-hormone amazinga (njengokungathi umjikelezo wesifazane ukuya esikhathini).
I-Asthma Iqhathaniswa Kanjani?
Nakuba izimpawu ze-asthma ngokuqinisekile zibonisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-asthma, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zimpawu ziba ngcono ngokusetshenziswa kwe-bronchodilators (njengale- albuterol ), ukuvele nje ube nezibonakaliso ze-asthma akwanele ukuxilongwa nge-asthma.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma kuxhomeke ekulinganiseni kokuvinjelwa kwe-airflow okuguquguqukayo kwi-spirometry.
Uma isilinganiso esithile semisebenzi yamaphaphu, esibizwa ngokuthi i-FEV1 (ivolumu yokuphoqelela ukuphefumula ngomzuzwana ongu-1), inyuke okungenani i-12% ne-200 milliliters ngemuva kokungenwa kwe-bronchodilator, bese kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma. I- FEV1 ingakanani umoya ongaphumelela emaphashini ngomzuzwana wokuqala wokuphumula.
Uma le nzuzo ikhula ngemva kokuvuthwa kwe-bronchodilator, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-bronchodilator yakwazi ukuphumula imisipha emoyeni ngokwanele ukuvumela umoya ophezulu ukuba uphume ngokushesha, okuphakamisa ukuthi kukhona khona ukuvinjelwa kwe-airflow. Enye indlela yokucabangela lokhu ukukhipha i-hose engadini: Uma i-hose yensimu ixhunyiwe, amanzi angaphuma. Uma nje i-hose igxila, amanzi aphuma ngokushesha kakhulu. Le nqubo efana nendlela umoya ophuma ngayo emaphashini ngokushesha uma ukuvinjelwa kwamanzi kuxazululwa nge-inhalation ye-bronchodilator.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-asthma nakho kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-bronchoprovocation, okuyinto yokuhlolwa okunciphisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu ku-spirometry. Abantu abane-asthma baye bakhulisa ukucasuka kwemikhumbi yokuhamba emoyeni emaphashini, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kwe-FEV1 ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa kwe-bronchoprovocation. Ukwenziwa kwe-bronch kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuphulukiswa kwemithi eyenza ukuphazamiseka okuqondile kwemisipha endizeni (njengemethacholine), ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali alungelayo kusuka kumangqamuzana amancane emaphashini (njenge-mannitol noma okwezinye izifo), noma ngokuzivocavoca noma ukufakwe ngaphakathi umoya obandayo. Inselele enhle, evame ukuchazwa njengokunciphisa kwi-FEV1 ka-15-20% (kuye ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa), kuphakamisa (kodwa hhayi ukuxilongwa) isifuba somoya ngoba ukuhlola okuhle kwe-bronchoprovocation kungase kwenzeke kubantu abane- rhinitis yokugula kanye nokutheleleka kwamuva kokuphefumula.
Ukuhlolwa okungahambi kahle kwe-bronchoprovocation kungasiza kakhulu ekukhipheni amathuba okuba nesifo se-asthma.
Ezinye izivivinyo ezingase ziphakamise noma ziphikise ukutholakala kwe-asthma zihlanganisa izilinganiso zokugeleza kwezikhukhula, ama-biomarker ezinukukhukhumeza njenge-nitric oxide exhaled ne-sputum eosinophils. Ayikho yalezi zivivinyo ezibhekwa njengesifo sokuhlonza isifo sofuba ngesikhathi samanje, nakuba kungasiza ekuqapheliseni i-asthma kubantu abaye baxilongwa nge-spirometry.
Ngakho-ke, i-asthma kufanele KUPHELA itholakale ukuthi isebenzisa i- spirometry- noma isebenzise i-bronchodilator ukwandisa i-FEV1 noma ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-bronchoprovocation ehlukahlukene ukunciphisa i-FEV1.
Umthombo:
Umbiko wePhaneli yePhrofayli yezemfundo ye-Asthma Education and Prevention Program 3 . I-Heart Heart, i-Lung ne-Blood Institute / Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. Iwebhusayithi.
ISICELO: Ulwazi oluqukethwe kule sayithi lusezinhloso zemfundo kuphela, futhi akufanele lisetshenziswe njengengxenye yokunakekelwa ngumuntu udokotela olayisensi. Sicela ubheke udokotela wakho ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma isimo sezokwelapha.