Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungandisa ukwanda
Njengazo zonke izidakamizwa, kunemiphumela emibi ehambisana nemithi ye-asthma. Ezimweni eziningi, izidakamizwa ziyobekezelela kahle, kanti izinzuzo zokwelashwa zizobe zikhulu kakhulu kakhulu.
Kungase kube nezikhathi, noma kunjalo, lapho umphumela ohlangothini ungaba nzima nakakhulu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaba yi-jarring, okuholele umuntu ukuyeka umuthi ngokuphelele.
Nakuba lokhu kungase kube ukukhetha okufanele kwezinye izimo, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungabi khona.
Ngokuvamile, abantu abaqonda imiphumela emibi yesidakamizwa ngaphambi kokuyithatha ngeke kube lula ukuyeka uma kwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubavumela ukuba babone izimpawu ezimbi futhi baphathwe ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga.
Izinhlobo zemithi ezisebenzisela ukuphefumula i-asthma zifana nokuhluka kwezimpawu futhi zibandakanya i-corticosteroids engatholakali, imithi yokwelapha emifushane nesikhathi eside, ama-oral steroids, ama-modifiers e-leukotriene, ama-cell stabilizers nama-modulators.
Corticosteroids engenayo
I-corticosteroids (engaziwa ngokuthi i-steroids e-inhaled) inqunyelwe ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zesifo se-asthma. Uma zisetshenziselwa njalo, zisiza ukunciphisa imvamisa nokuqina kokuhlaselwa kwe-asthma. Kodwa-ke, ngeke kukhululeke ukuhlasela uma sekuqalile.
I-corticosteroids engabhalisiwe ingabangela kokubili imiphumela emibi yendawo (inqunyelwe engxenyeni yomzimba) kanye nemiphumela emibi yesistimu (ethinta wonke umzimba).
Imiphumela ehlelekile ijwayele ukuqina kakhulu futhi ihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside. Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi engenzeka:
- I-candidiasis yomlomo (thrush), ukutheleleka okuvamile kwe-fungal yomlomo
- I-Dysphonia (inkohliso), ngokuvamile yesikhashana
- Umlomo omncane noma umphimbo
- Ukukhwehlela okucabangelayo noma izikhala ze-trachea (i-windpipe)
- Ukunciphisa kancane ekukhuleni kwabantwana
- Ukwehlisa isisindo samathambo kubantu abadala
- Ukulimala kalula
- I-Clouding ye-iso (i-cataract)
- Ukucindezela okwandayo iso (i-glaucoma)
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-spacer kungase kukhululeke eminye imiphumela emibi yendawo. Ungaphinda uhlanza umlomo wakho uma kunesifo kodwa ungagwinyi njengoba lokhu kuthola isidakamizwa egazini lakho futhi kubangele ukuwohloka kwezimpawu.
Ama-Bagon Abeta abambalwa nabasebenza isikhathi eside
Abaphikisi be-beta abasheshayo (ama-SABA) afana ne- albuterol , ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa imithi yokunakekelwa ukuze banikezwe ukuphumula okusheshayo kwempawu ze-asthma. Ngokuphambene, ama-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside (i-LABA ) aqhubeka ukusebenza amahora angu-12 noma ngaphezulu. Imiphumela emibi ifana kakhulu kusukela lezi zidakamizwa ezimbili zihlanganyela izindlela ezifanayo zesenzo. Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa:
- Ukwandisa izinga lenhliziyo
- Izinwele
- Isizungu
- Ukukhathazeka
- Ukwesaba noma ukuthuthumela
- Rash
Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi ixazulula masinyane nama-SABAs, ngokuvamile angaphikelela ama-LABAs. Umphumela ofanayo kwenzeka lapho izithandani ze-beta zisetshenziswa ngokweqile.
Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-rescue inhaler kungandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa okunzima, leyo nengozi iyanda uma usebenzisa i-LABA, eholele i-FDA ukukhipha isaziso somnyama omnyama ngesingozi se-asthma ukuhlasela lapho usebenzisa i- Advair yezidakamizwa (i-fluticasone / salmeterol) .
I-Oral Steroids Imiphumela Yecala
Ama-steroids omlomo ngokuvamile asetshenzisiwe uma uke waba noma usengozini yokuhlaselwa okungathí sina.
Ngenkathi ama-steroid ethunyelwa ngaphakathi endaweni yesibhedlela, anikezwa ngesimo somlomo uma izimpawu zakho zinzima kodwa akudingi ukuba udokotela abekwe esibhedlela. Imiphumela emibi ifana nalezo ze-steroids ezitholakali, nakuba zivame kakhulu futhi zinzima kakhulu. Zingafaka:
- Inzuzo yesisindo
- Ukugcinwa kwe-Fluid
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
- Ishukela ephakeme egazini
- Ukunciphisa ukwanda ezinganeni
- Ukuphefumula kwamathambo kubantu abadala
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
- I-cataracts ne-glaucoma
- Isifo sikashukela
Uma udinga i-steroid yomlomo njenge- prednisone izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka, i-asthma yakho ayilawulwa kahle. Bheka udokotela wakho uphinde uhlole ukuthi ngabe yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ezenziwe emithini yakho yokwelapha noma inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa.
Leukotriene Modifiers
I-Singulair (i-montelukast) namanye ama-modifiers e-leukotriene asebenza ngokuvimbela into, ebizwa ngokuthi i-leukotriene, engabangela ukuhlasela kwe-asthma. Ama-modifiers e-leukotriene ngokuvamile avunyelwe kahle kodwa anemiphumela emibi ejwayelekile, efaka:
- Isisu sithukuthele
- Izinwele
- Izimpawu ezifana ne-flu
- Ukwesaba
- Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
- Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal
- Rash
Ama-Cell Stabilizers
I-Cromolyn sodium ne- nedocromil yizici eziqinile zesisindo ezisetshenziselwa abantu abane- asthma ephikisanayo emnene . Lezi zidakamizwa zisebenza ngokuvimbela amangqamuzana amancane, uhlobo lwemhlophe yegazi elimhlophe, ekusithekeni izinto ezivuthayo ezimpilweni zomoya.
I-Cromolyn sodium ne-nedocromil ngokuvamile ibekezelela kahle nemiphumela emibi kakhulu eyancipha ngokusetshenziswa. Okungaphezulu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukunambitheka okubi emlonyeni
- Isikhukhula
- Udoti noma umphimbo obuhlungu
- Izinwele
- Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal
- Anaphylaxis, okungajwayelekile
I-Anaphylaxis yinto yonke yomzimba, isenzo esithintekayo esingabangela imifantu enzima, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukushaqeka, ngisho nokufa. Uma uthathe isisindo se-mast cell futhi sibhekene nesondo, ukuphefumula, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso noma ulimi, shayela u-911 noma uhambe ekamelweni eliseduzane elisiphuthumayo.
I-Immunomodulator (Xolair) Imiphumela
I-Xolair i-immunomodulator ehlinzekwa njengomjovo. Inhloso yomjovo ukulungisa indlela amasosha omzimba asabela ngayo ku- astmma trigger , ngokuyisisekelo ekuvimbela ukuthi ungaphenduli. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:
- Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu endaweni yokujova
- Ukugula okugciwane
- Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula
- Sinusitis
- Izinwele
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Anaphylaxis, okungajwayelekile
Njenge-cromolyn sodium nedocromil, izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha.
> Imithombo:
> Agbetile, J. noGreen, R. "Izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha nezindlela zokuphatha ekwelapheni isifo sofuba: ukukhula okugxilwe ngesineke." I-J Asthma Ukuzivocavoca. 2011; 4: 1-12.
> Inhliziyo kaZwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. Umbiko wePhaneli Wama-Expert 3 (EPR3): Izikhombandlela Zokuqapha Nokuphathwa Kwe-Asthma. " I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; 2007.