Yini iVector Biological?
E-biology, i-vector yinto ehambisa i- pathogen noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezivela endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. I-vector ayibangeli lesi sifo noma isimo ngqo. Lithwala nje. E-physics, i-vector iyinhlanganisela kokubili ubukhulu nokuqondisa. Kuzo zombili i-physics ne-biology, incazelo yevector ibonisa ukunyakaza.
Lapho izifo ze-epidemiologists zikhuluma ngezilwane, zivame ukuxoxa ngesimo esingasenza igciwane noma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya emkhatsini wemikhosi. Isibonelo, umiyane uyinvolumu ye-malaria. Lithwala isifo se-malaria kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu. Izinambuzane nazo ziyi-vectors zegciwane leZika . I-Zika yisifo esiphuthumayo esingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ikakhulukazi, kungalimaza ingane engakazalwa. I-Zika nayo ingadluliselwa ngocansi.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zobuyane zingaba yizilwane eziningana zezifo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthropods nazo zikwazi ukuba yizilwane zezifo. Lokhu kufaka izimpukane zesihlabathi, izinyosi, i-fleas, kanye nemikhaza.
Ingabe Bewazi: Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3500 zezinyosi, kusuka kumagremu angu-41. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ziyi-vectors zezinhlobo ezahlukene zokutheleleka. Akuzona zonke izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu! Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezifanayo zingase zithumele izifo ezifanayo. Lokho akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezinye izifo ezidinga izidakamizwa ezicacile kunabanye.
Lapho izazi zezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo zikhuluma ngezilwane, zisho okuthile okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile baxoxisana ngamasu okuthola ingxenye ye- DNA lapho kudingeka khona. Isibonelo, bangase basebenzise igciwane lesigqebhezana sogwayi njengevolisi ukuze baphathe isakhi se-antibody esithombeni esitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwevolisi lusetshenziselwa ukwakha izitshalo ezingenza ama-antibodies.
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: Ama-Vectors avame ukuxubana nabathwali. Nokho, lezi zibili azifani neze. Umthengisi unemininingwane eminingi. Ngokuphathelene nezifo, umthwali womuntu othile unesifo kodwa akakho izimpawu. Umthwali wesithuthi angaba nomuntu onesici kodwa asikho izimpawu.
Yiziphi Ezinye Izibonelo Zezimpawu Eziphilayo?
- Ukudluliswa ngokocansi kwegciwane leZika kungavinjelwa ngamakhondomu noma ezinye izithiyo. Kodwa-ke, ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwe-Zika ngamangqamuzana kudinga ukulawula umiyane njengemvolumu. Amazwe amaningi aphishekela ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ukuze azame ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kweZika. Ukwenza kanjalo kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa umonakalo wezempilo wesikhathi eside ohlobene nokutheleleka kweZika. Izindleko ezingokomzwelo nezomnotho kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza bangaba phezulu kakhulu.
- Umkhuhlane wezinyamazane ungumuthi we-Lyme. Ukucwaninga ngokuvimbela uLyme kuvame ukugxila ezindleleni zokulawula isibalo sabantu abathintekayo. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala kubulula kunezinye izindlela zokuvimbela - njengokugoma. Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuvezwa kwevector kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo. Ngokuphambene, imishanguzo esebenzayo yaseLyme isathuthukile.
- Entwasahlobo ka-2011, i- Nature yashicilela ucwaningo oluchaza uhlobo olusha lokugonywa kwe-SIV (monkey HIV). Umgomo usebenzise i-CMV njengevector ukufaka impendulo yesikhathi eside yokuzivikela nge-SIV. Isakhi segciwane lesandulela ngculaza safakwa ku-CMV. Khona-ke, igciwane le-CMV lenza iphrotheni ye-SIV. Ososayensi base bethola izinkawu ngegciwane le-CMV eliguquliwe, futhi balisebenzisa njengomgomo wokugoma.
Kuyini Ukuphathwa KweVector Okuhlanganisiwe?
I-World Health Organization ibhekene nokulawulwa kwezifo nokuvimbela emhlabeni wonke. Ingxenye yomthwalo wabo wemfanelo ukulandelela, nokuphatha, izifo ezithwalwa yizilwane. Enye indlela abenza ngayo lokhu kuphakamisa uchungechunge lwezindlela ezaziwa ngokuthi ukuphathwa kwe-vector edidiyelwe noma i-IVM.
Umgomo we-IVM uwukuthola indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu yokulawula ukugula kwe-vector.
I-IVM yinqubo esiza imiphakathi ukuthi inqume ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingasetshenziswa kangcono ukulawula i-vector yesifo esinikezwe endaweni ethile. Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela yezinketho ikhethiwe. Lezi zingabandakanya noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwamanetha okumiyane ukuze kusetshenziswe izibulala-zinambuzane ekuguqulweni kwemikhuba yokuhlanzeka.
Umthombo:
> Hansen SG, Ford JC, Lewis MS, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Coyne-Johnson L, Whizin N, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Swanson T, Legasse AW, Chiuchiolo MJ, Parks CL, Axthelm MK, Nelson JA, Jarvis MA , Piatak M, Lifson JD, Picker LJ. Ukulawulwa kokuqala kwe-SIV enamandla kakhulu nge-memory effect ye-T-cell. Imvelo. 2011 Meyi 11. [Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> Hennessey MJ, Fischer M, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, JJ eLaven, Lanciotti RS, Staples JE. Izifo Zama-Virus Z Z Zabahambi Ababuyela E-United States, 2010-2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Jul 6; 95 (1): 212-5. doi: 10.4269 / ajtmh.16-0049.
I-Kaaijk P, Luytjes W. Ukugoma ngokumelene nesifo seLyme: Ingabe siyilungele? I-Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015 Sep 4: 0. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
Ummeli MW. Impi ekhula emhlabeni jikelele ngokumelene nemikhaza ephuza igazi. Imvelo. 2015 Aug 27; 524 (7566): 406-8. i-doi: 10.1038 / 524406a.
Šmit R, Postma MJ. I-Lyme borreliosis: ukubukeza imithi yokugoma okungenzeka, izici zezokwelapha kanye nezomnotho wezezempilo. I-Expert Vac Vaccin. 2015 Sep 28: 1-13.