Ukubukezwa okufushane kwesakhiwo nomsebenzi wonyawo
Unyawo lomuntu luyinkimbinkimbi ngokumangalisayo ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwayo. Lokhu kuhlolisisa okufushane kufaka ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwezinyawo ezinamathemikhali kanye nempilo yezinto eziphilayo njengoba kuhlobene neminye yemiphumela ejwayelekile yokudlala yezemidlalo, njengezinhlaka, ama-ankle sprains, kanye ne- fastaitis plantar .
Isakhiwo sezinyawo
I-forefoot ihlanganisa amathambo amahlanu e-metatarsal, kanye nama-phalanges (izinzwane).
Ithemba lokuqala le-metatarsal liyingcosana, likhulu kakhulu futhi lidlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuqhuma (ukuhamba phambili). Ibuye inikezele ngokunamathiselwe kwamathenda amaningana. Amathanga wesibili, wesithathu, nowesine ama-metatarsal ayizinzile kunazo zonke ze-metatarsals. Zivikelwe kahle futhi zinamathinti okunamathiselwe okuncane kuphela. Abazitholi amandla okudonsa ngamandla.
Eduze nekhanda le-metatarsal yokuqala, emhlabathini ongaphansi kwezinyawo, kukhona amathambo amabili we- samoid (isifuba esincane, esine-oval esivela ngaphakathi kwethenda, lapho ithethoni idlula khona ukugqama). kanye nemigqa .
I-midfoot ihlanganisa amathambo amahlanu we- tarsal (i-navicular, cuboid, ne-cuneiforms emithathu). Umugqa wokuhlukanisa uqukethe ama-cuneiforms amathathu kanye ne-cuboid. I-midfoot ihlangana ne-frontfoot kumajoyina amahlanu e-tarsometatarsal (TMT). Kunamalungu amaningi ngaphakathi kwe-midfoot ngokwayo.
Ngasekuqaleni, lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ze-cuneiforms zikhuluma ngethambo le-navicular.
Amathambo amabili amabili, i-talus, ne-calcaneus yakha i-hindfoot. I-calcaneus iyithambo elikhulu le-tarsal futhi lifake isithende. I-talus ihlezi phezu kwayo futhi ifaka i-pivot ye-ankle.
Ukuhamba kwezinyawo nezinyawo
Ukunyakaza kwezinyosi kwenzeka emajoyini .
Lawa majoyina angakwazi ukuhamba ngezindlela ezimbili: i-plantar flexion noma i-dorsiflexion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajoyina avumela ukuthunjwa nokukhishwa kwezinzwane.
Inyawo lonke (ngaphandle kwamazinyo) lineminyango emibili: inversion kanye no-eversion. Wonke amalunga we-hindfoot ne-midfoot abambe iqhaza kulezi zintuthuko eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivame ukuhlanganiswa nokunyakaza ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-ankle.
I-Foot Arches
Unyawo lunemisebenzi emibili ebalulekile: isisindo esithwalayo kanye nokuqhuma. Le misebenzi idinga izinga eliphezulu lokuzinza. Futhi, unyawo kufanele luguquguquke ukuze lukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezakhiwo ezingalingani. Amathambo namalungu amaningi ezinyawo anika ukuguquguquka, kodwa lawa mathambo amaningi kufanele akhe isakhiwo sokusekela noma yisiphi isisindo.
Unyawo lunamatshe amathathu. I-arch longitudinal medialinal iyona ephezulu kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kunazo zonke emaceleni amathathu. Iqukethe i-calcaneus, i-talus, i-navicular, i-cuneiforms, kanye nemitha yamathathu okuqala. I-artificial lateralinal arch ingaphansi futhi iphinde ibe yindlala kune-arch ephakathi. Iqukethe i-calcaneus, i-cuboid, ne-fourth metatarsals yesine. I-arch ehamba phambili iqukethe ama-cuneiforms, i-cuboid, kanye nezisekelo ezinhlanu zemetatarsal.
I-arches of the foot igcinwa yizimo zamathambo kanye nemigqa.
Futhi, imisipha kanye namathonyoni badlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ama-arches.
Imisipha Yezinyawo
Imisipha yonyawo ihlukaniswa njengento yangaphakathi noma engaphandle. Imisipha yangaphakathi ikhona ngaphansi kwezinyawo futhi ibangele ukunyakaza kwezinzwane. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyi-flexors (izimo eziguquguqukayo zezitshalo), ama-extensors (dorsiflexors), abathungi, nabathungi bezinzwane. Imisipha eminingi yangaphakathi ibuye isekele ukusekela izinyawo zonyawo.
Imisipha emifushane ikhona ngaphandle kwonyawo, emlenzeni ophansi . I-gastrocnemius muscle enamandla (ithole) iphakathi kwabo. Zinezintambo ezide ezithinta isikhumba, ukunamathisela emathanjeni ezinyawo nokusiza ekuhambeni.
I-talus, noma kunjalo, ayinawo ama-tendon attachments.
Umthombo
I-Anatomy ye-Foot, i-Arthritis Foundation.