I-Hepatitis A isakazeka ngokufaka ingculaza ye-hepatitis A (HAV) nokuyidlulisela kwabanye ngokuxhumana nesitokisi esinegciwane. Le ndlela yokudlulisela phambili , eyaziwa ngokuthi umzila we-fecal-oral, ibuye isakazeka kanjani ukuthi i- hepatitis E isakazeka kanjani. Kwakukhona ukutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis A esingaba ngu-3,473 e-United States ngonyaka ka-2013.
Ngenhlanhla, nakuba ukutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis A kungabuka ekuguleni okuncane okuhlala isikhathi eside emasontweni ambalwa nje ekuguleni okungaphezu kwezinyanga eziningana, igciwane liyisifo esicindezelayo, esizimele.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu bahlale bezithuthukisa njalo futhi ngokuvamile abadinga ukwelashwa, futhi lesi sifo asiqhubeki kufomu elingapheliyo.
Ezinye izindaba ezinhle mayelana namagciwane adlulisa ngomzila womlomo we-fecal ukuthi zingavinjelwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokugeza izandla njalo (kunomgomo wokuthola isifo sofuba A).
Kuyini Ukusabalala Kwe-Fecal-Oral ?
Uma usulelekile ngegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis A, ungakwazi ukuchitha igciwane esitokisini sakho isikhashana ngesikhathi sokugula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi isitokisi sakho siqukethe i-HAV esebenzayo ekwazi ukuthelela abanye abantu. Uma ugeza izandla zakho ngokufanele ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, uzokwehlisa le ngozi yokusabalalisa. Kodwa-ke, uma ngalesi sikhathi sokuchitha ungagcini izandla zakho ngokufanele, khona-ke uyakwazi ukusakaza igciwane.
Yiziphi Izibonelo Ezivamile Zendlela I-Hepatitis A Esabalalisa Ngayo?
I-virus ye-hepatitis A ivame ukusabalala kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu othintana naye noma ekudleni noma emanzini angcolile.
Ngokwezikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo, nansi izibonelo ezivamile:
- Uma umuntu othelelekile ethinta izinto noma ukudla ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese ngaphandle kokugeza izandla
- Uma ushintsha umdwebo womuntu othelelekile kodwa ungahambisi izandla ngemuva kwalokho
- Phakathi nemikhuba ethile yocansi, njengokuxhumana komlomo ngomlomo
- Ngokudla noma ukuphuza into enonakele ne-HAV
I-Hepatitis A isakazwa kanjani ngokudla noma ngamanzi?
Ukudla namanzi kungcoliswa ngabaphathi bokudla abane-hepatitis A kodwa abagezi izandla zabo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lokusabalalisa lukhawulelwe kumalungu omndeni noma izivakashi zabo zokudla. Kodwa-ke, lapho umthengisi wesitolo sokudlela esakaza i-hepatitis A, izinkulungwane zabantu zingadalulwa.
Emazweni asathuthuka nalabo abanemithombo yamanzi engazinzile, ukuhlinzeka kwamanzi omphakathi kungangcola. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ukuphuza amanzi kuhlangana nomkhuhlane we-hepatitis A-igciwane. Ukudla okunengi okungangcoliswa nge-HAV yizithelo, imifino, i-shellfish, iqhwa, namanzi.
Amaphakheji aphezulu kakhulu
Njengoba inikezwa ngendlela esakazeka ngayo, cishe noma ubani ongenwa igciwane lesifo sofuba. Nokho, abantu abathile basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo kunabanye. Lezi zihlanganisa abantu aba:
- Ukuya emazweni lapho i-hepatitis A ejwayelekile khona
- Bangabesilisa futhi banokuxhumana kocansi nabanye abesilisa
- Ingabe abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni
- Zinezinkinga ze-blood clotting ezifana ne-hemophilia
- Phila nomunye umuntu osuleleke nge-hepatitis A
- Ukuxhumana nomuntu ocanswe nge-hepatitis A
Ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo
I-Hepatitis A isakazeka inganciphisa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amasu okuhlanza izandla ngendlela efanele futhi ivinjelwe ngokusebenzisa umuthi wokugoma we- hepatitis A.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-hepatitis A. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/HepatitisA.htm. Ifinyelele ngoJulayi 31, 2009.
Dienstag, JL. I-Hepatitis Eyingozi Yama-Virus. Ku: AS Fauci, E Braunwald, DL Kasper, SL Hauser, DL Longo, JL Jameson, J Loscaizo (eds), Izimiso zikaHarrison zika-Internal Medicine , 17e. ENew York, eMcGraw-Hill, ngo-2008.
Pickering, LK (ed), The Red Book: Umbiko weKomidi yezifo ezithathelwanayo , 26 e. I-American Academy of Pediatrics, 2003. 311-313.