Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kusiza ukuqondisa nokuqapha ukwelashwa kwe-HIV
Uma unesandulela ngculaza, udokotela wakho uzocela njalo ibhethri yokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uqaphele kangcono futhi uhlole:
- isimo samasosha omzimba wakho ( isibalo se-CD4 , inani le-CD8 )
- izinga lomsebenzi wegciwane emzimbeni wakho ( umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi )
- ukuthi isibindi sakho sibhekene kanjani nokuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ( ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wesibindi )
- indlela izinso zakho ezibhekana ngayo nokuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ( ukuhlolwa kocingo )
Okuphakathi kwalezi zivivinyo kukhona olunye uhlolo olubizwa ngokuthi inani eliphelele legazi (CBC). Lesi silingo sesimiso silinganisa ukubunjwa kwamaseli akho ahlukahlukene wegazi ukuze ubekezelele noma yikuphi ushintsho okungase lube ngaphandle kwalokho okuzobhekwa njengobubanzi "obuvamile".
Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-CBC ingakwazi ukubona (futhi ivimbele ngokuqondile) ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphumela yocansi ephathelene nokwelapha, futhi ihlonze noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okungase kuhlobene nokutheleleka nge-HIV.
Isivivinyo ngokwalo silinganisa izingxenye eziningana noma izici zegazi lakho, kufaka phakathi amaseli egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, namaplatelets. Izivivinyo zenziwa njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12, kodwa zingahle zilayishwe kaningi uma kwenzeka ukugula noma uma ukubalwa kwamaseli kuthathwa njengokungaqiniseki noma "ukuhleka phansi."
Iyini i-White Cell Cell Count (WBC)?
Amangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe , owaziwa nangokuthi i-leukocytes, yi-subset yamaseli akhiqizwa emlonyeni wegazi, inhloso yakhe eyinhloko ukulwa nokutheleleka.
Isibalo segazi elimhlophe (WBC) senziwa njengengxenye ye-CBC ukukala lawa maseli.
Inani le-WBC eliphakeme noma eliphansi lingabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo noma isifo futhi kungasetshenziswa odokotela ukucacisa ukuthi lezi zinguquko zihlobene nokutheleleka, umphumela wecala lomuthi, noma ezinye izimo ezinjengokucindezeleka, ukulimala kwezicubu, noma ngisho nokudangala .
Ngaphakathi komongo we-HIV, i-WBC ephakeme isho ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka, izimpawu ezingase zingabonakali noma zingabonakali. Okunye ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ukukhomba ukuthi yiyiphi imbangela yalezi zinguquko.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-WBC ephansi ikhombisa ukuthi ukugula okuthile, okuhlobene ne-HIV noma okungenayo i-HIV, kuthinta ikhono lomnto wesifuba ukukhiqiza amaseli egazi amhlophe. Uma lesi simo (okuthiwa yi-cytopenia noma i-leukopenia) senzeke, umzimba awukwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka.
Phakathi kwamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe abaluleke kunazo zonke ama- T-cells "namasiza" we- CD4 " nama- killer" ase- CD , "abulala" ama-T-cells , ngokulandelana aqala ukuphendula nge-immune response futhi ahlose ukunciphisa igciwane.
Ukwengeza, kukhona amangqamuzana okuthiwa ama-macrophages, amaseli e-dendritic, namaLangerhans amangqamuzana ahlanganisa ingxenye yempendulo yomzimba yangasese yomzimba (eyakhelwe ngaphakathi). Lawa maseli asebenza njengezokuvikela kokuqala lapho kunoma yikuphi u-ejenti lokutheleleka ezama ukungena emzimbeni.
Iyini i-Red Cell Cell Count (RBC)?
Amaseli aphuzi egazi , aziwa nangokuthi i-erythrocytes, anesibopho sokuthwala i-oksijeni emaphashini eya emaqenjini ahlukahlukene namathisini omzimba.
Inani elibomvu selibalo legazi (RBC) lenziwa njengengxenye yeCBC ukuze kulinganise inani lenani lamaseli kwisampuli yegazi.
I-RBC value isetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-hematocrit (iphesenti yevolumu yegazi ethathwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi), kuyilapho isilwane esingeziwe silinganisa iphrotheni emangqamuzana egazi abomvu (okuthiwa i-hemoglobin) enomthwalo wokuthwala ama-molecule e-oxygen.
Ukufundwa okuncane kakhulu kwalezi zimpawu kungabonisa ukuthi i- anemia , isimo lapho amangqamuzana nama-tissu ahlinzekiwe ngezinto eziningi zokomoya. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umuntu uyozizwa ecindezelekile noma ediniwe, kakhulu isikhathi sonke, futhi angase abonakale ebalahle noma ehlanzwa.
Ngaphakathi komongo we-HIV, i-anemia iyaziwa ukuthi ingenye yemiphumela emibi ye-zidovudine yezidakamizwa (Retrovir, AZT).
Uma kutholakala i-anemia ngenkathi umuntu e-zidovudine, kungase kubekwe isamba se-iron uma i-anemia ibhekwa njengomnene. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu noma eziphikisanayo, lesi sidakamizwa singadinga ukufakwa endaweni enye i-agent efanele .
Ngenkathi i-zidovudine ingavamile ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi lokuqala, ihlala iyindlela yokwelapha ebalulekile kwabanye, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa .)
I-anemia ingabuye ihlotshaniswe nokutheleleka okusebenzayo noma ezinye izimbangela, kokubili i-HIV-ne-non-HIV. Kwezinye izimo, ukutheleleka okungenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungathinta ukugaya umzimba kwamavithamini abalulekile, ukuntuleka okungabangela ukuba umuntu aphelelwe yisifo semfuyo.
Izimo ezinzima ze-anemia ngezinye izikhathi ziphathwa nge-erythropoietin, isidakamizwa se-antibiotic esingashukumisa ukuhlanganiswa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, noma kungadinga ukumpontshelwa kwegazi ukuze kuphakanyiswe kahle lawa maseli.
Ziyini Ama-Platelet?
Ama-platelets, okuthiwa i-thrombocytes, angama-cell angenangqamuzana ahilelekile ekugubheni igazi. Amanani aseplatelet aphansi angabangela ukuphuma okulula noma ukulimala kumuntu othintekayo. Amacala ahlukumezayo angabangela nokuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi okungasongela ukuphila.
Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia, sihlotshaniswa nokutheleleka okungapheli kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezifo ezithuthukile abangakabi ukwelashwa. Ukuqaliswa kwe-HIV yokwelapha kungavumelana nesimo ngokucindezela ama-agent abhubhisa ahloselwe ukutheleleka, okuyaziwa ukuthi aphumele izinombolo zeplatelet.
Ukwengeza, ezinye izidakamizwa ze-HIV (ikakhulukazi i-nucleoside analogs) zingabangela ukubalwa kweplatelet ephansi, kanye nezifo ezinengqondo ezihambisana ne- HIV ezifana ne- cytomegalovirus (CMV) ne- mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) .
Izibalo zePlatelet azivame ukuphakama kakhulu ukudala izinkinga zempilo.
> Imithombo:
> Thachil, J. "Ukubala okuphelele kwegazi njengendlela yokuhlonza ukutheleleka nge-HIV." I-British Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: DOI 10.1136 / bmj.c4583.
> Das, G. kanye noBaglioni, uP. "Ukutheleleka Kwengculaza Okuyinhloko." I-British Journal of Medicine. 2010; 341: c4583.