I-bacterial vaginosis ( BV ), kwenzeka lapho i- flora evamile enempilo yegciwane ishintshwa ngokuxuba kwamanye amabhaktheriya, ngokuvamile okufaka i- Mycoplasma genitalium .
Uma umuntu ene-BV, izinguquko eziningana zenzeka ngaphakathi kwesifazane. Ezinye izinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka ukwanda kwe-pH yangasese kanye nokunciphisa kwezinye izinto ezingakwazi ukulawula ukwanda kwamabhaktheriya, njenge-peroxide.
Ngalezi zinguquko nezinye, i-BV idala imvelo lapho kulula khona amabhaktheriya ukuba akhule futhi ama- STD asakaze.
I-HIV ingenye ye-STD eyasakazeka kalula phambi kwe-BV. Abesifazane abane-BV banamathuba amaningi kakhulu okuthola i-HIV ngesikhathi sezocansi. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwengozi ye-HIV ehlobene ne-BV akuyona nje yowesifazane. I-bacterial vaginosis iye yaboniswa nokwandisa ingozi yokuthi abalingani bobulili besilisa bazothola i-HIV. Eqinisweni, isifundo esisodwa e-Afrika sathola ukuthi kwakungamathuba amathathu okwesifazane ophethe i-BV ukuthumela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumlingani wakhe wezocansi njengoba kwakungowesifazane ophethe imithi yesifazane.
Izingozi Zengozi Nezinkinga Zezempilo
Ososayensi abakakaqondi zonke izindlela iBV kanye ne-HIV abahlanganyela ngayo. Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi kokubili i-BV ne-HIV zivame kakhulu emaqenjini athile abantu ngabanye kunabanye. E-United States, isibonelo, kokubili izimo zitholakala kakhulu nakakhulu kuma-Afrika aseMelika kunabantu abaningi.
Ngokuqondene ne-HIV, kunezincazelo eziningi zokuthi kungani kungase kwenzeke lokhu. Lokhu kubandakanya ukungabi nalutho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokwelashwa, ingozi eyengeziwe yokuboshwa, kanye nezinethiwekhi ezincane zocansi ezingase zandisa amathuba okuthola igciwane. Konke lokhu, nezinye izici ezingozini zihlanganisa izinga lokutheleleka nge-HIV eliphindwe izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili kunabesifazane abamnyama kunabesifazane abamhlophe.
Akuqondwa kangako ukuthi kungani abesifazane baseMelika baseMelika besengozini enkulu ye-BV. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi iningi labesifazane base-Afrika baseMelika, noma babe ne-BV, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-30 abesifazane besonke. Enye into echaza ukuthi uhlobo lwe-lactobacillus oluvame kakhulu kubantu besifazane base-Afrika baseMelika, aluphumelelanga kakhulu ekwenzeni i-vaginised feminine ibe yinto engcono kakhulu kunomkhuba ovame kakhulu kumhlophe, abangabona abaseSpanishi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi banobungqina obuhle bokuthi kukhona ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-bacterial vaginosis ne- douching . Ukwehliswa, umkhuba wokuhlanza ubulili, kuvame kakhulu kubesifazane base-African American naseCaribbean kunamaqembu amaningi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuthiwa ukuthi inhlangano ephakathi kwe-BV ne-douching ingafana nenkinga yenkukhu kanye neqanda. Ukwehliswa kungabangela ingozi ye-BV, kodwa abesifazane base-Afrika baseMelika bangase babe namathuba amaningi okuwageza ngenxa yokuthi banamathuba amaningi okuzwa iphunga lesiswini kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-BV.
Ngisho noma zonke izindlela iBV nezandulela ngculazi ezingathintana nazo zingakacaci, ososayensi baye babona izinto eziningi eziyingozi eziba nazo. Ukutheleleka kwe- herpes ye-Genital kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ye-BV kanye ne-HIV.
Ngakho-ke ubumpofu nokuntuleka kokufinyelela ukunakekelwa. Okokugcina, ukucindezeleka okungapheli kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezifo zombili, njengoba ukucindezeleka kungaba nemiphumela emibi ekuzivikelweni. Zonke lezi zinto ezivamile zingenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa zonke izindlela iBV engase zenze ingozi ye-HIV, futhi ngokufanayo.
Ukuhlola Isixhumanisi
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi iBV ingayandisa kanjani ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV. Enye i-hypothesis ibheka ukwakheka kwezicabha zangasese. Ku-vagin enempilo, i-lactobacilli ingenza izinhlanganisela eziningana zokulwa ne-microbial, kuhlanganise ne-lactic acid ne-peroxide, engenza ukuthi i-HIV ingasebenzi. Uma kukhona ukuguquka kusuka kwe-lactobacillus eqhutshwa izitshalo zangasese kuya kwi-flv BV, lezi zinhlanganisela ziyahamba.
Lokho kungenza kwenzeke ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lihlale liphila isikhathi eside kulesiswini bese kwandisa isilinganiso sokudluliselwa kumlingani ocansini.
Kukhona nezinye izindlela ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-BV angathinta ukudluliswa kwe-HIV. Amanye amabhaktheriya e-BV aboniswe ukwandisa ukuphindaphinda kwe-HIV ngokukhuthaza amangqamuzana anesifo. I-BV iboniswe ukuphazamisa amangqamuzana esikhumba ebusweni besifazane, okungenza kube lula ukuthi i-HIV ifinyelele izingqimba ezijulile zamaseli angakwazi ukutheleleka. Okokugcina, i-BV ingashukumisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni ngokujwayelekile, into ebuye ikhulise amathuba okutheleleka nge-HIV.
Izwi elivela
Ukubhekana ne-BV ejwayelekile kungakhungathekisa. Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukubuyisela izitshalo ezijwayelekile zasendlini. Ngenxa yalokho, kungase kuphazamise ukuzwa ukuthi i-BV ihlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu ye-HIV namanye ama-STD. Ngenhlanhla, ukuziphatha ngocansi oluvikelekile kuyindlela ephumelelayo kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi ye-STD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV, kunezinye izinketho.
Uma ungowesifazane ohlala ne-BV ohlala esengozini enkulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, isibonelo ngoba unomlingani wesandulela ngculazi ocansini, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana ne- pre-exposure prophylaxis noma i-PrEP. Nge-PrEP, uthatha imishanguzo ye-HIV ukuze unciphise amathuba okuthola i-HIV uma evezwa. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abesifazane abane-BV ejwayelekile kufanele banikezwe ngomlomo PrEP kunokuba i-gel yangasese. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ukukhula kwebhaktheriya ku-BV kungenza i-gel ingasebenzi kahle.
> Imithombo:
> Alcendor DJ. Ukuhlola Ukungafani KwezeMpilo Kwe-Bacterial Vaginosis kanye Nethonya Lokuthola I-HIV-1 kuma-African American Women. Am J Reprod Immunol. Ngo-2016 Aug; 76 (2): 99-107. i-doi: 10.1111 / aji.12497.
> Alcaide ML, Chisembele M, Malupande E, Arheart K, Fischl M, Jones DL. Ukucwaninga kwesigaba se-bacterium vaginosis, imikhuba yangaphakathi ne-HIV yokulahla ngokocansi; impumelelo yokudlulisela i-HIV kanye nempilo yabesifazane. I-BMJ Vula. 2015 Nov 9; 5 (11): e009036. i-doi: 10.1136 / bmjopen-2015-009036.
> Chehoud C, Stieh DJ, Bailey AG, Laughlin AL, Allen SA, McCotter KL, Sherrill-Mix SA, Hope TJ, Bushman FD. Izinhlangano ze-microbiota yesisu nesifo se-HIV, amabhaktheriya vaginosis, kanye nezibalo zabantu. AIDS. 2017 Apr 24; 31 (7): 895-904. i-doi: 10.1097 / QAD.0000000000001421.
> Cohen CR, Lingappa JR, Baeten JM, Ngayo MO, Spiegel CA, Hong T, Donnell D, Celum C, Kapiga S, Delany S, Bukusi EA. I-vaginosis ye-bacterial ihlobene nengozi eyengeziwe yokudluliselwa kwe-HIV-1 yowesifazane nowesilisa: ukuhlaziywa kweqembu eliphakathi kwamabhangqwana ase-Afrika. I-PLoS Med. 2012; 9 (6): e1001251. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pmed.1001251.
> Velloza J, Heffron R. I-Vaginal Microbiome kanye nokukwazi kwayo ukuthelela ukusebenza kwe-HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis yabesifazane. I-Curr HIV / AIDS Rep. 2017 Oct; 14 (5): 153-160. i-doi: 10.1007 / s11904-017-0362-z.