Ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ye-radiation therapy iyaba yinto evame kakhulu, njengoba amazinga okusinda athuthukisa. Njengoba nje kungaba nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ye-chemotherapy , ukwelashwa kwemisebe kungabangela imiphumela emibi engase iqale futhi ihlale isikhathi eside emva kokuba ukwelashwa sekuphelile. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinzuzo zalezi zelashwa ngokuvamile zidlula zonke izingozi.
Kungani Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Kungabangela Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA kumaseli. Ngeshwa, lo monakalo awukodwa kumangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela, futhi amaseli avamile angalimala futhi.
Izingosi Ezithinta Ingozi Yemiphumela Yamuva
Izinguquko eziningana zingandisa noma ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa imiphumela emide yesikhathi eside ye-radiotherapy. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Uneminyaka yakho ngesikhathi sokushisa imisebe.
- Umthamo wemisebe oyitholayo.
- Inombolo yezikhathi zokwelapha.
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza uphathwa.
- Indawo yomzimba ethola imisebe.
- Eminye imithi yokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy.
- Ezinye izimo zezempilo, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sikashukela.
Imithelela emibi yesikhathi eside
Lokhu okulandelayo kukhona eminye imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esizayo yokuphathwa kwemisebe. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ukwelapha imishanguzo kuye kwathuthuka eminyakeni yamuva; kufike indlela ende kusukela kuqaliswe ukwelapha umdlavuza ngo-1903.
Ngendlela elula yokubhekana nokulethwa kwezidingo ezintsha, izifundo ezindala zingase ziveze izingozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba abantu behlala isikhathi eside benomdlavuza, imiphumela yesikhathi eside yomswakama iyoba ibaluleke nakakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza azothola ukwelashwa kwama-radiation.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ozoba nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ngemva kokwelashwa kwemisebe. Abantu abaningi bayothola kuphela ukubomvu kwesikhumba sabo nokukhathala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izingozi ezingenzeka, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ukuze ube nesiguli esinikezwe amandla , kodwa kubalulekile ukusho futhi ukuthi izinzuzo zokwelashwa ngokuvamile ziyobe zikhulu kakhulu kunezingozi ezingakapheli isikhathi eside.
I-Hypothyroidism ekhishwe ngamafutha
I-Hypothyroidism ingenye yemiphumela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuphela kwe-radiation therapy uma ukwelashwa kwemisebe kuhilela intamo, ikhanda nesifuba.
I-Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome
I-radiation fibrosis ingacatshangwa ngokulula njengokulahlekelwa kwesisindo emathisini emva kwemisebe, ngenxa yokulimala okungunaphakade. Imiphumela emibi eminingi ngezansi ibangelwa yi-fibrosis engenzeka cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda somzimba.
I-Fibrosis ye-Pulmonary Acidation
I-fibrose ye-Lung iyinhlamba ehlala njalo yamapayipi angabangelwa ukushisa kwama-radiation pneumonitis . I-radiation pneumonitis ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi okwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-6 ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa kwe-radiation esifubeni futhi kwenzeka cishe cishe kwesine kwabantu abaphathwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Njengoba izimpawu zingalingisa izimpawu ngenxa yomdlavuza, noma i-pneumonia, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha zokuphefumula.
Izifo Zenhliziyo Ezihlobene Nezokwelapha Ze-Radiation Therapy
Isifo senhliziyo yisisusa esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esingavamile isikhathi eside sokusebenza kwe-radiation therapy. Isibonelo, ezigulini ezine- Hodgkin's disease ezithola ukwelapha imishanguzo (hhayi njengento evamile manje), imbangela eholela ekufeni kuyisifo senhliziyo, hhayi umdlavuza. Labo abasengozini bahlanganisa abantu abanemisebe yesikhumba esifubeni, kufaka phakathi imisebe elandela imithectomy yomdlavuza webele wesokunxele.
I-radiation ingathinta inhliziyo ngezindlela eziningana ezibangela:
- I-coronary artery disease - Igciwane lesifo seCoronary esibangelwa ukutholakala kwesifo somzimba singaba nomthelela ohlangothini lwemisebe.
- Isifo senhliziyo se-Valvular - Ukushisa imithi kungabangela ukulimala kwamagundane enhliziyo .
- Izimo ze-Pericardial ezifana ne- pericardial effusions (i-build-up ye-fluid phakathi kwezingxenye zezicubu ezithinta inhliziyo) kanye ne- pericarditis enqunyiwe .
- I-cardiomyopathy - I- cardiomyopathy , ukwehliswa kwesisu senhliziyo kungase kwenzeke, ikakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa nemithi ethile ye-chemotherapy efana no-Adriamycin (doxorubicin.)
- Izinhliziyo ezingavamile ( arrhythmias ).
Lezi zimpawu zingase zingabonakali iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka emva kokuqeda ukwelashwa kwemisebe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba azi ukuthi unesifo esifubeni noma ezinye izimpawu ezibonisa isifo senhliziyo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, amasu amasha afana nokuphefumula okuphefumulayo (ukuphefumula okulawulwa okuhloswe ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwenhliziyo emisebeni) kutholakala, okungahle kwenzeke ingozi yalesi sici.
Amanqamu Asekondari
Sifunde ekuqhumeni kwamabhomu atomic ukuthi imisebe ingabangela umdlavuza, futhi ukulinganisa kwama-radiation anikezwe ngemithi yokwelashwa kungase kube nengozi.
Amanqamu ahlobene negazi - Amagciwane ahlobene negazi afana ne- acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), i-lemonemic leukemia engapheli (CML), kanye ne- acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE) iyimpumulelo engavamile emithini yokwelapha imisebe, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esedlule esuka emisebeni yeHodgkin's izifo noma umdlavuza webele. Ukuphakama kwezinhlekelele eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kwengu-9 emva kokwelashwa kwemisebe sekuphelile. I-radiation ingaphazamisa umnkantsha wamathambo okwenza ukuthi i- myelodysplastic syndromes , izifo zethambo lomnyozi, futhi nazo zingaba yi-leukemia ephawulekayo.
Izidakamizwa eziqinile - Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungakwandisa ingozi kamuva yezifo eziqinile, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wegciwane kanye nomdlavuza webele. Ngokungafani namanqamu ahlobene negazi, ingozi iphakeme kakhulu eminyakeni engu-10 kuya kwengu-15 noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuba ukwelashwa kuqedile.
Ukukhathazeka Ngokwengqondo
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi imisebe ebuchosheni, kuze kube phansi kwe-skull, nasentanyeni kungabangela izinkinga zokucabanga ezifana nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo nokuhlupheka ukugxila.
Izinkathazo ze-Musculoskeletal
I-Osteoporosis / I-Fractures - Ukushisa imililo kungaholela ekutheni amandla amathambo, i-osteoporosis, ne- osteonecrosis ifinyeleleke . Isibonelo, imisebe esiya esifubeni ingabangela ukuthi izimbambo zihlukane kalula.
Imisipha / amalunga / izinzwa / izigulane - Ukushisa kwemithi kungathinta imisipha nezakhiwo ezisekelayo zesimiso se-musculoskelet okuholela ekuhambeni okukhawulelwe, ubuhlungu, nokungabi namandla.
Izicubu ezithambile - Ukunyamalala okuhlala njalo kwesikhumba, ama-telangiectasias (amamaki amasha abomvu) kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele okuhlala unomphela kungenziwa nge-ray. I-radiation ingabangela futhi i- lymphedema , ukuvuvukala okwenzeka njengomphumela wokulimala kweziteshi zethrifu, isibonelo, ukuvuvukala kwengalo kubonakala kwabanye besifazane abanomdlavuza webele.
Umlomo owomile / Amehlo Emile / ama-Cataracts / I-Dental Decay
Ukulimala kwamagundane we-salivary kanye namadaysi ezinyembezi kusuka emisebeni kuya esifundeni nasentanyeni kungabangela umlomo omile unomphela noma amehlo omile.
Isisu / Isisindo kanye nokukhubazeka ngokocansi / ukungenzi lutho
Ukushisa emathunzini nasezikhunjini kungase kuthinte isambiso, ikoloni, nezitho zomzimba eziholela ekutheni amandla nokungasebenzi.
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yakho
- Ungabhemi - Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu emva kwemisebe yesifuba.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha zokuphefumula ezingase ziphakamise ama-radiation pneumonitis (bheka ngenhla.)
- Buza mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo eklanyelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yemiphumela yokuphuza kwemisebe.
- Uma ngabe uzoba nemisebe yesifuba, cela ukuthi ukuphefumula kuyatholakala yini.
- Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokwelapha ngokomzimba uma ukunyakaza kwakho kuvinjelwe. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba akukwazi ukukhipha umzimba wakho wokuqeda unomphela kepha kungase kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka nokuhamba.
Ikusasa
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luqhubeka lubuka izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yemiphumela ephuthumayo yokwelashwa kwemishanguzo, abaningi abanemiphumela ethembisa.
> Imithombo:
> Filopei, J., noWr. Frishman. Isifo senhliziyo esishukumisayo. I-Cardiology ekubuyekezweni . 2012. 20 (4): 184-8.
> Krasin, M., Constine, L., Friedman, D., noL. Marks. Imiphumela yokwelapha ehlobene nemisakazo yonkana phakathi kwe-spectrum yobudala: umehluko kanye nokufana noma lokho okudala nabancane abangafunda komunye nomunye. Ama-Seminar ku-Radiation Oncology . 2010. 20 (1): 21-9.
> National Cancer Institute. Izinkinga zomlomo ze-Chemotherapy kanye neNhloko / Imisipha yomsindo. I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 01/04/16. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/mouth-throat/oral-complications-hp-pdq#section/all
> Stubblefield, M. Radiation fibrosis syndrome: izinkinga ze-neuromuscular and musculoskeletal in the survivors of cancer. PM & R. 2011. 3 (11): 1041-54.
> Yusuf, S., uSami, S., no-I. Daher. Izifo Zenhliziyo Ezibangelwa Isikhambi: Ukubuyekezwa Kwemitholampilo. Ukucwaninga Ngezinhliziyo Nokuzivocavoca . 2011. 317659.