Ithembo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ithoni ye-vascular, ichaza ububanzi kanye nezwi lomkhumbi wegazi uma lihlanjululwe ngokuphelele. Yonke imishanguzo kanye nemithanjeni ikhombisa izinga elithile lokushisa okumnyama okuthinta ithoni yomkhumbi.
Ithebula le-Vascular lihluka phakathi kwezitho ezihlukahlukene. Ithembo le-vascular of the pulmonary system lingase lihluke kunelohlelo lwe-coronary vascular system.
Ithembo le-vascular of blood and metrics libonisa ukuthi kunzima kanjani inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze ukupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma kungekho ukumelana nemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo iyakwazi ukupompa kahle, ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Ukuphakama kokumelana nemithambo yegazi, inhliziyo ikhuni kakhulu, ukuphakamisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Ukumelana nokuphikisana okukhulu ngokumelene nezindonga ze-artery kuyaziwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme . Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uyobe uchitha izindonga zemithambo emikhulu, njenge-aorta kanye ne-carotids, kanye nezincane, amakhethri e-cerebral, coronary and renal. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima ukushaya igazi emzimbeni wonke.
Umfutho wegazi unemibuzo emibili, inombolo ephezulu yi- systolic futhi inombolo ephansi i- diastolic . Amangqamu egazi:
- Okujwayelekile: Ngaphansi kuka-120 kuka-80 (120/80)
- Ukwelashwa ngokweqile: 120-139 ngaphezulu kuka-80-89
- Isinyathelo 1 somfutho wegazi ophakeme: 140-159 ngaphezulu kuka 90-99
- Isiteji sesi-2 somfutho wegazi: 160 nangaphezulu kuka-100 nangaphezulu
Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu, ukufundwa kwengcindezi ephakeme yegazi kungama-150 nangaphezulu kuka-90 nangaphezulu.
Izingozi Ze-Hypertension
Ukucindezeleka okungalawuleki kungabangela ukuthi imishanguzo ibe mncane, ibe nzima futhi iguquguquke.
Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukuhambisa igazi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungabangela ukushaywa, isifo senhliziyo, nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungalimaza izinso, kubangele izinkinga ngombono, futhi kuthinte inkumbulo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Hypertension
Umgomo ukuletha ukucindezelwa kwegazi ezingeni elingaphansi kuka 140/90 mmHg. Iziguli ezinezifo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso kumele zilwele umgomo ongaphansi kuka-130/80 mmHg. Ezinye iziguli zingadinga imithi eminingana.
Imithi eye isetshenziselwa ukufinyeleleka emazingeni okucindezeleka wegazi ihlanganisa:
- Izidakamizwa ze-Thiazide
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers
- Abavimba be-Beta
- Abavimbela isiteshi se-Calcium
- Renin inhibitors
Imithi yokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi emazingeni alamukelekile izothathwa ngumsebenzi wezokwelapha.
Ukwelapha I-Hypertension Ngezinguquko Zokuphila
Ngokuthatha indima ephathekayo ekunakekeleni kwabo, iziguli zingasiza ukunciphisa isondlo segazi ngokwenza ukulungiswa okulandelayo:
- Ukulahlekelwa isisindo
- Ukudla izithelo eziningi, imifino
- Ukudla imikhiqizo yobisi ephansi
- Ukunciphisa izinga lokudla kwe-sodium
- Ukusebenzisa njalo
- Ukunqanda ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
- Ukuyeka ukubhema
Imithi idinga ukuthathwa njalo futhi iziguli akufanele ziweqe umthamo.