Indlela I-Autism Engayithinta Ngayo Uzwela Nesihawu
Uzwela yikhono lokuzizwa kanye nabanye. Uzwela lukwazi ukuzwa abanye. Abantu abane- disism spectrum disorder bangase babonakale bengabathandeki futhi bengenandaba. Bangase bahleke uma othile emele, noma uphendule ngomzwelo omncane noma ongathandabuzeki kumuntu noma usizi lomunye umuntu. Ingabe lokhu kungabi nampendulo efanelekile kusho ukuthi abantu abane-autism abazizwa bengenabubele noma nozwela?
Okushiwo Ucwaningo Ngokuphathelene Nesihawu, Uzwela, no-Autism
Ucwaningo oluncane luye lwafaka umbuzo wokuthi ngabe abantu abane-autism bazwelana ngempela nabanye. Ngenxa yalokho, siyazi kancane ukuthi yini ekhona endleleni yokuzwelana; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzwela lingafundiswa; futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuntula ukuzwelana okubonakalayo kubonisa ukungahambi kahle ngokomzwelo.
Ikhono 'lokufunda ingqondo' - ukuqonda imicabango yomunye ngokubheka ngokucophelela ulimi lomzimba, ithoni yezwi, ukubonakala komzimba, njll - kuyisihluthulelo sokuzwelana. Abantu abane-autism bavame ukuba nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu "nokufunda kwengqondo," nakuba kucacile ukuthi amakhono angafundiswa.
Ngenkathi uSimon Baron-Cohen esho ukuntuleka kwamakhono okufunda engqondweni "ebuchosheni obudlulele" obucabangayo kwizinhlelo kunokuba kubudlelwane, uDkt. Uta Frith uthi "ukwehluleka kokubopha noma ukunamathisela akubonakali kuyinto ehlukanisayo ye-autism esemncane. " Ucwaningo oluhlobene noJonathan et al oluqhathanisa ne-psychopathic ezinganeni ze-autistic lithola "ukucubungula / ukucubungula ulwazi oluhambisana nokuthambekela kwengqondo ne-ASD kuhluke kakhulu.
Ukuthambekela kwe-Psychopathic kuhlangene nobunzima ekubhekaneni nokucindezeleka kwabanye abantu, kuyilapho i-ASD ibhekene nobunzima ekukwazi ukuthi abanye abantu bacabangani. "
Ngenkathi uFrith, uJonathan, nabanye bebonisa ukuthi ukungabi nesihawu kubantu abane-autism kungumphumela wobunzima bokukhulumisana nokukhuluma okungemlomo, noma kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi umehluko womzimba ebuchosheni ungase ubhekane nokuntula uzwela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluthile oluthile luthi, "Izihloko ze-ASD zingasebenzisa isu lokuqaphelisisa ukuze zifinyelele esimweni sabo sengqondo ekuphenduleni imizwelo yabantu."
Okwenza abantu abane-Autism bangabonakala bengenasizwe noma bengenabubele
Iningi labantu abathuthuka kakhulu bafunda ulimi lomzimba olufanele namagama ukuveza uzwela nozwela ngokubuka nokulingisa abazali nabanye abantu. Isibonelo, umuntu oneminyaka engu-4 ubudala okhulayo, angase abone ukuveza ubuhlungu ngenxa yokuthi uyibone ngaphambilini, kungumuntu noma ku-TV. Ngokufanayo, angase "amanga i-boo-boo" ngoba ubonwa omunye umuntu enza into efanayo.
Kodwa abantu abane-autism, abanalo amakhono omphakathi ahambisana nokubona nokuhumusha ulimi lomzimba. Kanti futhi bancane amathuba okulingisa abanye ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka komzwelo noma ukuzwela kungabangelwa ukungabi namakhono kunokuba kungabi nokuzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakhono amaningi adingekayo ukuze aqonde futhi aphendule imizwelo yabanye ngokuqondile yiwo amakhono angase ahlehliswe ku-autism. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ukuzwelana nomunye umuntu, umuntu kufanele aqaphele imizwa yomunye umuntu. Abantu abane-autism banenkinga ngokufunda "ubuso bomunye nolimi lomzimba," futhi bangase bangawaqondi ngokugcwele amagama abo akhulunywe.
- Ukuze uzwelana nomunye umuntu, umuntu kumele abelane ngamathemba, amaphupho kanye / noma okulindelwe komunye umuntu . Abantu abane-autism bangase bangabi nesifiso esinamandla sokubandakanyeka othandweni, ukuzimisela ukuphakama enhlanganweni, noma ukwesaba ukuhlazeka.
- Ukuze uzwelana nomunye umuntu, umuntu kumele abe nesipiliyoni sokuqonda kanye nomzwelo ukukhuluma ngokuqondene nemizwa yomunye. Abantu abane-autism bangase babe nezinselelo zokuqonda - noma bangase bangabi nakho okudingekayo ukuzwelana - ngisho noma bekwazi ukuzwelana.
- Ukuze uzwelana nomunye umuntu, umuntu akumelwe azizwe kuphela nalowo muntu kodwa futhi abe namathuluzi okukhombisa noma azitshele ngomzwelo womuntu. Abantu abane-autism bangabonisi noma baxoxe ngemizwa yabo ngezindlela ezizwakala kahle ngabanye.
- Ukuzwelana nomunye umuntu, umuntu kumele ahlanganyele ukuqonda kwamasiko okuboniswa uzwela kulindeleke futhi kuyadingeka. Abantu abane-autism bangase bangakhulumi ezindabeni zamasiko, ngakho-ke angeke babonise imizwelo yokuzwela ngisho nalapho bezwa.
Okubalulekile
Ngezansi: Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-autism bangase babonakale bengenalo uzwela, izizathu zingase zibheke kakhulu ekulahlekeni kokuxhumana kwezenhlalakahle kunokuba kungabikho kokuphendula ngokomzwelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, empeleni kungase kube ukungafani ngokomzimba okwenza kube nzima kubantu abane-autism ukuzwelana - futhi babonise ububele - ngendlela evamile.
Imithombo:
> Baron-Cohen, S .. "Ukuhlukana kobulili ebuchosheni: impendulo yokuchaza autism." Isayensi. 2005 Nov 4; 310 (5749): 819-23.
> Frith, U. "Ukubukeza: UkuPhamba Kwengqondo neBongo ku-Autism." I-Neuron, Umq. 32, 969-979, uDisemba 20, 2001, i-Copyright © 2007 by Cell Press.
Jones, et al. "Ukuzwa, ukukhathalela, ukwazi: izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzwelana ezingenalutho kubafana abanokuthambekela kwe-psychopathic kanye ne-autism spectrum disorder." J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 Nov; 51 (11): 1188-97.
> Schrandt et al. "Ukufundisa amakhono okuzwelana nabantwana abane-autism". J Appl Behav Anal. 2009 Spring; 42 (1): 17-32.
> Schulte-Rüther et al. "Izidakamizwa ezinkundleni zobuchopho ezisekela ukuzwelana: isifundo se-fMRI kubantu abadala abanezifo ze-autism spectrum." I-Soc Neurosci. 2011 Feb; 6 (1): 1-21. Epub 2010 Okthoba 13.