Ukuvezwa Kwezisebenzi Ngesibhakabhaka Sezinkuni Njengesisusa Se-Cancer Cancer
Ingabe ukutholakala kwezinkuni kungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu ? Yini okudingeka ukwazi uma usebenza eduze noshuni othulini emsebenzini noma ngokusebenzisa izinto zokuzilibazisa? Kuyini "ukuchayeka okuphephile" futhi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uziphathe?
Ukushisa Kwezinkuni kanye Nomdlavuza We-Lung
Uthuli lwezinkuni lungenye yezimpawu zokuqala zomsebenzi ezaziwa endodeni, kanti namanje kubalulekile kakhulu kulabo abanemisebenzi evela kubhabhinethi kuya kwabasebenzi bokugaya.
Uma sicabangela inani labantu abathintekayo emisebenzini lapho ukuthungwa khona ngothuli kungabafaka engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, sizobheka ubufakazi kuze kube manje ukuxhumanisa lezi zinsuku. Kodwa okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ukhulume kuqala ngokubaluleka kokwehliswa komsebenzi kanye nomdlavuza jikelele. Okwamanje ucatshangwa ukuthi ukutholakala komsebenzi kwamakhemikhali nezinye izinto kubhekene namaphesenti angama-27 wamanqamu amaphaphu emadodeni. Nakuba le namba ivalo, kuningi ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukubalwa.
Khumbula ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo se-multitifactorial. Okushiwo ukuthi yilokho okuvame ukubhekana nemingcikithi eminingi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ukusebenza ndawonye noma kubangele ukuthi umdlavuza ungenzi. Isibonelo, siyazi ukuthi kokubili ukuchayeka kwe-asbestos nokubhema kungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa uma lezi zinsuku zengezwa ndawonye umphumela mkhulu kunabe uma ungeze izingozi ezimbili ndawonye. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthi kunezinto zokudla ezingahle zinciphe umdlavuza wamaphaphu emaphaphu kanye nokuzivocavoca zingasiza.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngotshani uthuli noma cha, uthatha isikhashana ufunde ngezimbangela zomsebenzi wemdlavuza wamaphaphu nokuthi yiziphi izisebenzi okufanele zizazi.
Izinkuni Zokhuni njenge-carcinogen
Manje uthuli lwezinkuni lubhekwa njenge- carcinogen , into ecatshangelwa ukuthi ibangele umdlavuza kubantu. Uthuli lwezinkuni luqukethe ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlukene ezivela ezikhuni eziqinile noma ezihlahleni ze-softwood.
Izinkuni Hard vs Soft Woods
Ucwaningo oluthile lwe-woodwood nomswakama wamaphaphu luhlukanisa phakathi komhlabathi othungatha uthuli nophuli oluqinile lwamafutha, ngothuli oluqinile olusenamandla kakhulu okubangelwa umdlavuza. Kodwa yini eyenza izinkuni ezinzima futhi yiziphi izinhlanzi ezithambile?
- Izinkuni zokhuni ziyizihlahla ezikhuni, lezo ezilahlekelwa amaqabunga ekuwa. Izinkuni ezivela kwezinye izihlahla ezinzima zokhuni empeleni zilula kakhulu, njenge-birch ne-balsa.
- Ama-Softwoods ayizihlahla ze-coniferous; izihlahla ezingapheli amaqabunga azo kodwa zihlale zihlaza ngonyaka wonke (ezivuthiwe.)
Yini Lezi Zifundo Ezikusitshelayo?
Ucwaningo oluningi lubuke ubudlelwane obuphakathi kobumba nothuli nomdlavuza. Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2015 kubuke izifundo ezingu-70 kuze kube manje enkundleni yokubuza, "Ingabe uthuli olukhuni lubangela umdlavuza?" Isixhumanisi esinamandla kunazo zonke siphakathi kwe- nasal adenocarcinoma (umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo) kanye nothuli lomuthi. Kodwa-ke, kutholakala ukuthi kunomqondo olinganiselayo wokuthi uthuli lwokhuni lungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukubuyekezwa okuhlukile kwezingu-10 zezifundo ezingu-10 ezibheke ngqo ekutshiseni uthuli lomuthi kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwatholakala ingozi enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokutholakala komhlabathi ngokhuni; labo ababevezwe ngothuli ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-20 amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Njengoba umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyimbangela eholela ekufeni okuhlobene nomdlavuza emadodeni (nabesifazane) futhi kungenzeka kubantu abangabhemi kanye nabantu ababhema, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ingozi enciphise yomdlavuza wamaphaphu yaphawulwa kubantu bamazwe aseNordic abaye bahlushwa uthuli oluthile oluthambile. Isiphetho sasiwukuthi kukhona ubufakazi obuqinile bokuhlanganiswa kwezinkuni zokhuni lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ukuthi lokhu kungase kuxhomeke endaweni kanye nendawo yokutshala uthuli oluthile.
Esinye isifundo saseCanada sathola ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ehlobene nokuthungwa kothuli ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-40 aphakeme kunalabo abangabonakali othulini. Imisebenzi ejwayelekile kakhulu ehlobene nokuchayeka kwakuwumsebenzi wokwakha, imithi, nokwenza ifenisha. Iphuzu elibalulekile kulolu cwaningo, kodwa-ke, ukuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu okwedlule isikhathi eside kwakudingeka ukwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza, futhi kwakungekho ingozi emkhatsini labo labo ukubonakala kwabo okungekho okwakungabonakali.
(Lokhu kungase kube okuqinisekisiwe kulabo abajabulela ukugubha izinkuni njengendlela yokuzilibazisa.)
Ezinye Izimo Eziphathelene Nezokwelapha
Sekuyisikhathi eside utshwala luyaziwa ukuthi luzoholela ezimweni zezokwelapha ngaphandle komdlavuza. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukuqothuka kwezikhumba (i-dermatitis) - Izimpande zesikhumba ezihlobene nobunkuni zivame futhi zitholakale zivezwe uthuli ezivela ezingaphezu kuka-300 izinhlobo zemithi. Lezi zimfucumfucu, ukuhlambalaza nokubomvu zingavela ngenxa yokucasuka kwesikhumba noma, esikhundleni salokho, kusuka ekuphenduleni okweqile. Ishidi lwazi lwe-HSE lubhala ezinye zezimpawu ezithile ezivezwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla .
- Imizimba yokuphefumula - Ukuphendula okweqile kuvame ukuvezwa ngothuli kanye no- asthma okwehliswayo . Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i- asthma ingaba yingozi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Isenzo esaziwa kakhulu salolo msedari obomvu, lapho amaphesenti ayisihlanu abasebenzi ahlaselwa khona. Uthuli lwezinkuni lubhekwa njengenye yezimbangela eziphezulu eziyishumi zokuphefumula kwesifuba somsebenzi e-UK (Funda kabanzi mayelana ne -asthma ekhanyiswayo noma eyomsebenzi .)
- Izimpawu zokuphefumula ezingahambelani nezifo - Izibonakaliso ze-Nasal, ezifana nokubamba, ukuma, neziqephu eziphindaphindiwe ze-sinusitis zixhunyaniswa nokutholakala kothuli lwamapulangwe, kanye nokukhwehlela nokushaya.
- Ukwenyuka komsebenzi wamaphaphu - Nakuba kuphawulwe kabanzi nge-softwoods, ukuvezwa kwothuli kungaholela ekunciphiseni umsebenzi wepulmonari . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvezwa ngothuli kungaphazamisa i-cilia, izinhlaka ezincane ezinjengezihlahla eziphefumulayo ezisebenzela ukususa i-toxins ekhishwe yi-airways.
Imikhawulo ephakanyisiwe yokuboniswa
Ngaphambi kuka-1985, kwakungekho isiqondiso esincane esivela ku-Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission mayelana nokuchayeka ngothuli lwezinkuni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwahlongozwa imikhawulo eminingi ehlukene. U-OSHA uphakamise umkhawulo wehora o-8 mg / m3 wokhuni oluqinile futhi u-5 mg / m3 wezinkuni ezithambile, kodwa, ekugcineni kwesinqumo, umkhawulo wokuchayeka amahora angu-5 mg / m3 wamukelwa kokubili. Okungafani ngothuli lomsedari olubomvu, lapho umkhawulo wehora lesishiyagalombili ungama 2.5 mg / m3 ngenxa yalokho okusemandleni okubangela ukusabela kokugula.
Izisebenzi ezisengozini
Yimiphi imisebenzi engabangela ukungcola uthuli olungaba yingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu? Ekunqumeni ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ethwala ingozi kakhulu kubalulekile ukucabanga ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eholela ekubunjweni kwezinkuni. Ezinye izinto ezisengozini zihlanganisa:
- Ukubaza
- Abasebenza ngemishini yokugaya kanye nephepha
- Izisebenzi zefenisha
- Abenzi beKhabhinethi
- Abasebenzi be-Sawmill
Izingozi kanye nokuqapha
Ngaphandle kokulandela imingcele yokuchayeka kwehora lesishiyagalombili othulini lwezinkuni, kunezinto eziningi abaqashi nabasebenzi abangayenza ukuze bancishiswe ukuchayeka. Imisebenzi eminingi eqondile (njengokugcoba uthuli lwokhuni kunokuba ikhule) inganciphisa kakhulu ukuvezwa kwakho. Hlola ulwazi lwe-OSHA oluhlanganisa izingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nezixazululo ezikhona mayelana nokuthungwa kothuli olutheni emsebenzini ukuze ufunde ngezindlela zokunciphisa inani lomuthi ophefumula emsebenzini.
Izethulo ezibonakalayo e-Wood Ukusebenza
Kubalulekile ukumane uqaphele ukuthi kungase kube nokunye okuvezwa yizinto ezinobuthi phakathi kwalabo abasebenza ngokhuni. Amanye amakhemikhali asetshenziswayo, njengamanye ama-glues, angabuye abe yingozi engozini yomdlavuza. Qinisekisa ukuthi ufunda AmaSpredishithi Okuphepha Emininingwane Yonke Izinto kuzo zonke izinto ozitholwa emsebenzini.
Kuthiwani Nge-Woodworking Yakho Yokuzilibazisa?
Ukuveza uthuli uthuli njengento yokuzilibazisa akubonakali ukuthi ithwale ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ezifundweni ezize kube manje, ukutholakala kothuli oluthile njengento yokuzilibazisa akutholakali ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi ngisho nokutholakala komsebenzi, ukuvezwa okudingekayo ukuba "kuhlanganiselwe futhi kuyenze." Lokho kusho ukuthi, njalo uqhuba umoya omuhle ngenkathi usebenzisa izinkuni kanye nanoma yimaphi amakhemikhali. Njalo ufunde amalebula bese ulandela izincomo. Uma ilebula iphakamisa ukusebenzisa amaglavu noma imaski, qaphela leyo miyalo.
Ngezansi Ngotshani Lokhuni Nengozi Yengculazi
Kungadumaza njengoba ucabangela izingozi zomdlavuza ngokuchayeka okuqondile. Ungase uzibambe uthi, "Akuzona zonke izinto ezibangela umdlavuza?" Noma kunjalo, ukufunda ngalezi zingozi, nokuthatha isenzo, akusho ukuthi udinga ukuba ngumuntu oshisayo. Kukhona izinyathelo ezilula kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho.
Abaqashi manje banemihlahlandlela endaweni ecacisa ubungako nesilinganiso sesikhathi umuntu angase avulelwe ngothuli ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ingozi yomdlavuza. Lokho kusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi bobabili baqaphele lezi ziqondiso futhi balandele, futhi bakhulume uma kufanelekile ukunakwa kule mingcele akulandelwa endaweni yabo yomsebenzi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhona yini othulini othulini noma cha, thatha isikhathi sokuhlola lezi zeluleko zokunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Umdlavuza we-Lung uhlala imbangela eholela ekufeni kwabantu abesilisa nabesifazane, kanti nakuba engavamile, umdlavuza wamaphaphu kubangabokuthi ababhemayo yiwona wesithupha oholela ekufeni kwabantu abahlobene nomdlavuza e-United States.
Imithombo:
Alonso-Sardon, M., Chamorro, A., Hernandez-Garcia, I. et al. Ukuhlangana Phakathi Kokuzimela Kwezisebenzi Nezinkuni Zomkhuhlane Ne-Cancer: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile kanye Ne-Meta-Analysis. PLoS One . 2015. 10 (7): e0133024.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Izinkuni Zokhuni. Kubuyekezwe 09/28/11. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pel88/wooddust.html
Hancock, D., Langley, M., Chia, K., Woodman, R., no-E. Shanahan. Ukushiswa Kwezinkuni Zezinkuni kanye Nengozi Yokudla Ngomlenze: I-Meta-Analysis. Imithi Yokusebenza Nezemvelo . 2015. 72 (12): 889-98.
Vallieres, E., Pintos, J., Parent, M., noJiemiatycki. Ukuvezwa Kwezisebenzi Ngomkhuhlane Wezinkuni Nengozi Ye-Cancer Ngomunye Emibhalweni Emibili Yokwenziwa Kwesikhwama-Ukulawulwa Kwesikhashana eMontreal, eCanada. Health Environmental . 2015. 14: 1.