Ukusebenzisana Ngaphambi Kokunciphisa Ingozi Yokutheleleka
Ukuba "nenkulumo" nentombazane yakho kungase kube nzima kunzima kwezimo. Kungabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubantu abadala abaningi abangaqapheli ukuxoxa ngocansi nabanye, okungenani ngaphansi kwentsha yabo. Ngokuvamile kunzima izinkolelo zokuziphatha nezenkolo futhi kuphakamisa ukuvuma okulungile (noma ngisho nokukhuthazwa) kwentsha yesilisa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinkolelo noma izinkathazo zomuntu, iqiniso elilodwa lihlala: ukugwema ingxoxo evulekile neyengelona isinqumo mayelana nocansi-noma ukucabanga ukuthi isikole somntwana wakho uyayinakekela-kuyiphutha. Imiphumela ayisekho ekukhulelwe okungenakulungiswa kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs). Naphezu kwezinkolelo phakathi kwabanye ukuthi i-HIV ayiseyona inkinga eyayiyiyo, intsha ihlala isengozi enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo futhi isakaze kwabanye.
Nazi izizathu ezinhlanu zokuthi kungani udinga ukuxoxa nge-HIV nomntanakho namhlanje.
Izifo Eziningi Zenzeka Ngenkathi Iminyaka Yezinsizwa
Nakuba amazinga okutheleleka ehlala ephakeme phakathi kwabantu abasha, eziningi zalezi zifo zenzeke lapho umuntu esesencane.
Ngokusho kwe- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , cishe eyodwa kwezingu-4 ezintsha ezithathelwana ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza zenzeka ebusheni abaneminyaka engu-13-24, kanti izinga liye laqhubeka likhuphuka unyaka nonyaka kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2011.
Ngenkathi idatha ibonisa ukuthi intsha eneminyaka engu-13-19 ubudala ibonisa inani eliphansi kakhulu lokutheleleka kunezingane ezincane ezineminyaka engama-20-24 (amaphesenti angu-4.8 kuya kwezingu-18), ungavumeli lezi zibalo zikukhohlise. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi baseYohn Hopkins University, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-45 abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 kuphela bafuna ukwelashwa lapho isifo sabo sifinyelele esiteji esithuthukile , sichazwa ngokuthi sinama- CD4 count ewile ngaphansi kwama-350 cells / mL.
Ngamafuphi, abantu abethula lesi sigaba sokutheleleka bazobe benesandulela eminyakeni emihlanu noma ngaphezulu ngaphambili ngenkathi besencane .
Lokhu kusekelwa idatha evela ku-CDC yokulinganisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 entsha kanye nabantu abadala asebancane abakwazi ukuthi ngabe banesifo noma cha.
Intsha eningi ayiyazi ukuthi ingazivikela kanjani noma ingazi ukuthi iyingozi yini
Nazi amaphuzu: ngokusho kocwaningo olwanyatheliswa yi-CDC, cishe amaphesenti angu-47 abafundi baseMelika abike ukuthi babe nobulili ngaphambi kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, kanti amaphesenti angu-13 anabalingani abane noma ngaphezulu ocansini phakathi naleyo minyaka. Kulaba, owesine kwabayisithupha angathola i-STI ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele eminyakeni engama-20, ebala cishe izigidi ezingu-3 zezifo ze-STI ezitholakala e-US njalo ngonyaka.
Ukugcizelela lezi zibalo yiqiniso ukuthi abafundi abangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 babika ukusebenzisa ikhondomu ngesisekelo esifanayo . Ngenkathi kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, ukudideka kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu kanye nengozi ye- HIV kubonakala sengathi kudlala indima ebalulekile yokuthi kungani abantu abaningi abasha bebeka engozini.
Ngokwesibonelo, ocwaningo oluqhutshwa yi-Rollins School of Public Health, cishe owesilisa kwabahlanu basekolishi abaneminyaka engu-5 babika ukuthi abakaze bathole imiyalelo ngamakhondomu, kuyilapho owesithathu engabonakali ukuthi asebenzise kanjani ikhondomu ngendlela efanele .
Ukungabi nolwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana namakhondomu nokusebenzisa ikhondomu-ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamadoda ngokuvamile okulindelwe ukuba abe nolwazi ngokugcwele ngocansi-linyanyiswe ngendlela abafundi abaningi abavame ukubeka ngayo i-HIV phambili lapho bexoxa noma bexoxa ngezocansi.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-2014 yi-MAC AIDS Fund lubonise ukuthi, kanti amaphesenti angama-85 e-teenagers athi afundiswe nge-HIV / AIDS esikoleni esiphakeme, ingxenye yesithathu egcwele ayengazi ukuthi i-HIV yi-STI. Ucwaningo olufanayo lweMikhandlu yabaPhathiswa bezeMfundo eCanada lubonise ukuthi ngezizathu eziningi zokungafanisi ucansi, kuphela amaphesenti angu-1 abesilisa abangu-11 kanye namaphesenti angu-1.9 abesifazane abalinganiselwa ku-11 abhekwa njenge-HIV njengento.
Ngokumane nje, i-HIV ayitholi yonke into ephezulu ohlwini lwezinsana zokuzibandakanya kwezocansi.
Intsha Ayinakwenzeka Ukukhuluma Nge-HIV Ngomunye Nomunye
Ngisho nalapho intsha ikhathazekile nge-HIV, ngokuvamile ayikhulumi ngayo.
Ucwaningo olufanayo oluvela eMkhandlwini WezeNgqongqoshe WezeMfundo lwathola ukuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi kontanga ngezindaba ze-HIV kwakungaphansi kokumangalisayo. Kwabafundi abangu-3 627 bebanga lesi-11 abahlolisisiwe, abangamaphesenti angu-49 abesilisa nabesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-49 babonisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthola i-STI, kanti kancane kancane (amaphesenti angu-47 namaphesenti angu-43 ngokulandelana) babekhathazekile nge-HIV.
Naphezu kwalokhu, ngamaphesenti ayisithupha kuphela abesilisa abayishumi nanye kanye namaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye abesilisa abayishumi nanye (11) abesilisa besifazane abesilisa abane-11 baxoxisana nge-HIV nanoma yiliphi labangane babo
Esinye sezizathu zalokhu kungase kube yimiqondo engafanele intsha eningi enayo nge-HIV noma ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi une-HIV. Emkhakheni owodwa wabafundi, amaphesenti angu-22 abesilisa abayisishiyagalolunye nesikhombisa namaphesenti angu-17 abesifazane besigaba saba-7 athi "abengeke babe abangane nomuntu one-HIV / AIDS" kanti amaphesenti angu-16 namaphesenti angu-10 bakholelwa ukuthi "abantu abane-HIV / I-AIDS bathola lokho abafanelwe khona. "
Ngenkathi lezo zinamba zazivame ukukhula lapho intsha ikhula, inhlamba ebalulekile ehambisana ne-HIV ingase idikibele izingxoxo ezivulekile nezilungelekile ngesifo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangesaba ukuthi bane-HIV.
Ukukhulumisana kwabazali-Intsha Kusebenza
Izingxoxo zikaFrank nezingxoxo ezivulekile mayelana nalezi zikhondomu, i-HIV kanye ne-STIs zinganciphisa izingozi eziningi ezingenzeka. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubonisa ukuthi intsha eyayikhulume ngamaKondomu nomzali wayo yayingamathuba amathathu okusebenzisa amakhondomu futhi amathuba okutheleleka ngama-STIs kunelabo abangazange basebenzise izikhathi ezingu-20 amathuba okusebenzisa amakhondomu ngesisekelo esifanayo.
Ngokufanayo, ekuhlolisweni kukazwelonke kwabafundi abangu-8 098 basezikhungweni eziphakeme zase-US, intsha eyayikhuluma nge-HIV nabazali bayo ngokucacile yabonakala ingenakwenzeka ukuba nabalingani abaningi bobulili noma bahlanganyele ocansini olungavimbelwe. Okuphambene kwakubonakala kuyiqiniso kubafundi abaxoxa nezingane zabo, lapho ingozi yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lalivame ukuncishiswa ngenxa yokungaqondisi kahle, ukungahambi kahle, noma ukucatshangelwa kwengozi yangempela.
Ukukhathazeka kwabazali kaningi Isizathu Esikhulu Kunazo Zonke Intsha Ekhetha Ukungaxoxani ngeHIV
Ukuxoxa ngokukhululekile nge-HIV kungabi nzima kunokwanele ukuphazamiseka komphakathi ngesimo sobulili. Ake ucabange ukuthi kufanele kube njani kubo bobabili abazali kanye nentsha ukuxoxa ngazo zonke izinto okuthiwa "eziyinkimbinkimbi" eziphathelene nezihloko zezingculazi, okunye okungabhekwa njengokwemukelekile noma okunye.
Kodwa cabanga namuhla ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angaba ngu-75 azo zonke izifo ezithathelwana ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ziwumphumela wokuxhumana ngokobulili wesilisa nowesilisa . Cabanga ukuthi izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-17 zinezocansi ezingalondekile ngenkathi ziphuza utshwala, kanti amaphesenti angu-8 abasebenzisa i-cocaine namaphesenti angama-24 abasebenzisa inambuzane futhi angenawo umkhuhlane. Lezi ezinye zezimpikiswano ovame ukuzithinta lapho bexoxa nge-HIV nengane yabo.
Nakuba ukugcina lezi zihloko etafuleni kungase kubonakale kunzima-okungeke kwenzeke eminye imindeni, ukuyihlwitha ngaphansi kompheme kungalimaza kakhulu-ukuhlukanisa ingane kanye nokuphika lowo muntu ukuthi yikuphi ukutholakala noma ukwelashwa okungase kudingeke .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungazinaki ngokobulili besilisa ngokufuna ukuzibamba kuzokwenza kancane ukuthi kuthinte ukuziphatha ngokocansi. Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezilingo ezingama-30 ezingahleliwe kanye nokungahleliwe okushicilelwe ngo-2009 kwaqeda ukuthi ukungenelela okususelwe ekuzigwemeni akunciphisanga futhi kungenwe izinga lokutheleleka kwe-HIV phakathi kwentsha yase-United States futhi, kula mazwi abalobi, ikakhulukazi "ayisebenzi."
Uma ubhekene nezinkinga ezingaphezu kobuchwepheshe bakho noma ububanzi bokuqonda, funa ukusekelwa ochwepheshe we-HIV oqeqeshiwe noma umhlinzeki wezempilo. Ngokuvamile intsha ivela ngokuphathelene nobulili kanye neminye imisebenzi engozini lapho kuvunyelwe ubumfihlo nomsebenzi wesithathu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungathola kanjani udokotela ofanelekayo we-HIV noma uxhumane nesiteshi sakho se-HIV esifundazweni se-HIV / AIDS ukuze uthole izinsiza zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwentsha eziseduze nawe.
Imithombo:
I-Kapogiannis, B .; Ellen, J .; Xu, J .; et al. "I-Strategic Multisite Initiative ye-Identification, Ukuxhumanisa Nokuzibandakanya Ukunakekela Intsha Etheleleke nge-HIV (SMILE): Ingabe Ukwelashwa Kungasetshenziswa Njengokuvimbela Intsha YaseMelika Encane?" I-19th International Society Society Conference; Washington, DC; NgoJulayi 22-27, 2012; I-TUPE211 engabonakali.
Holtzman, D. noRubinson. R. "Imiphumela yokukhulumisana kwabazali neontanga ngokuziphatha okuhlobene ne-AIDS phakathi kwabafundi besikole esiphakeme sase-US." Ukuhlelwa Komndeni. NgoNovemba-Disemba 1995; 27 (6): 235-240, 286.
UMiller, K., Levin, uL .; U-Whittaker, D.; et al. "Amaphethini wokusetshenziswa kwekhondomu phakathi kwentsha: umthelela wokukhulumisana nomama wengane." I-American Journal of Health Public. Okthoba 1998; 88 (10): 1542-1544.
UMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe WezeMfundo, Canada (CMEC). " Intsha YaseCanada , Impilo Yezocansi kanye nesifundo se-HIV / AIDS : Izinto ezithonya ulwazi, isimo sengqondo nokuziphatha." EToronto, e-Ontario; 2003: ISBN 0-88987-149-3.