Izinqubomgomo ze-Kremlin I-Fuel Isifo Sekudala Esesimweni Esibucayi
I-Russian Federation, equkethe amazwe angu-17 ahlukene, ixilwe yi-HIV yesifo esithatha isisindo kulo lonke isifunda kusukela kokubili impilo yomphakathi kanye nombono wezomnotho.
Ezindaweni, iRussia cishe kabili ubukhulu be-United States engaphansi kwengxenye yabantu (cishe izigidi ezingu-143). Ngokombono we-HIV, iRussia idlula kakhulu i-US ngesilinganiso sesifo esisha, kanye nomakhelwane abaningi eNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Ngenkathi inani elisemthethweni le-HIV libikwa ukuthi liphakathi no-1.1 million, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sibalo singase siseduze nezigidi ezintathu. Uma kunjalo, ukusabalala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eRussia kuzoba cishe kasikhombisa kwe-US (okwamanje inesisindo esiphathelene namaphesenti angu-0.6).
Lokho esikwaziyo ngokusemthethweni ukuthi, ngokusekelwe kwezibalo ze-Russia siqu, izifo seziqhume eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule, zanda ngamaphesenti angu-250 kusukela ngo-2001.
Abantu abanobudlova
Ukubeka lesi sifo sibe yisimongcondvo, umuntu udinga ukuhlola iRussia kusukela ekubambeni kwabantu abasengozini yabo kanye namandla okubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-HIV.
Kusukela ngaleyo ndlela, iRussia ibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuzalwa kwabantu njengoba ukubeletha kudala ngemuva kokufa. Abantu asebekhulile, kuhlangene nokukhula kwezinga lokufa kwabantu besilisa abaneminyaka yobudala ngenxa yokudakwa ngokweqile, isifo senhliziyo, kanye ne-HIV, kuye kwaba nomthelela ekutheni izinga lokukhula labantu libi.
Lokhu kukhula okungalindelekile kulindeleke ukuthi kunciphise abantu baseRussia ngamaphesenti angu-20 noma ngaphezulu eminyakeni engama-50 ezayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, impendulo yaseRussia kulesi sifo ibilokhu igxila, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene nabantu abakudala abasengozini. Lapho iNhlangano YezeMpilo Yezwe iphakamisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 abantu abasengozini ( ukujova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa , amadoda abesilisa ocansini nabesilisa , abasebenza ngezocansi) bathola ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV nokweluleka, imibiko eminingi esemthethweni isigamu leso.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso kakhulu emazweni afana neTajikistan (amaphesenti angu-54), iKyrgyzstan (amaphesenti angu-36), ne-Uzbekistan (amaphesenti angu-29).
Umlando we-HIV eRussia
I-HIV yavela kuqala njengenkinga yezempilo yomphakathi ngasekupheleni kuka-1986. Icala lokuqala latholakala kumuntu waseRussia oye wawela lesi sifo ngenkathi e-Afrika. Uthe wabe esehambisa isifo kuma-Soviet angu-15 alala naye.
Ngenxa yokuthi imithetho yobumfihlo yayingekho e-Soviet Republic ngaleso sikhathi, la magama alabo abathintekayo asakazwe kabanzi ngezindaba zombuso, okwahlekisa amadoda ukuba aphile "izindlela zokuziphatha ezikhohlakele" eziholela esifo sabo. Ukuthi ubungqingili abukho emthethweni (futhi uhlala ngaphansi komthetho weRussia we-LGBT wenkohlakalo) kuphela owenzela abantu inhlamba kanye nesifo ngokwayo.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okugunyazayo kwakungeniswa kulo lonke iSoviet Union, okwakuvame ukwenza ngaphandle kwemvume noma ulwazi lomuntu ohlolwe. Ngo-1991, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-142 bavivinywe, cishe akekho owaziwa ngalo.
Ukuhlolwa okunamandla kwakucatshangelwa ngokucindezela imizamo enobudlova eyenziwa (futhi ngokuvamile ivame ukuveza) umzila wokutheleleka kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 kwavela ukuqhuma kwezombusazwe eSoviet Union, ukuxosha isimo se-HIV emthunzini.
Izincwadi zangaphandle zokuvimbela i-HIV, ezihunyushwe ngesiRashiya, azikwazanga ukutholakala ezweni. Imikhankaso yokuvimbela yomphakathi iphelile ukuba ibe khona ngesikhathi abaningi ababhekwa njengesikhathi se-Russian "izinguquko zobulili." Ngokunyuka kokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kulo lonke isifunda, isifo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza sasishiywe singacatshangwanga, nesifo sisakazeka njengomlilo wasendle ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.
Ngokunyuka kweRussian Federation of States esanda kuzimela, i-AIDS ejensi yayingeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabaholi bezomthetho ngisho nangenkxaso engaphansi. Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbalwa ze-HIV ezazikhona kuholele ekungenizeni kolwazi olwanele kuma-ejenti asezindaweni ezincane kanye nabaphakeli emhlabathini.
Amanani abalulekile e-Risk eRussia
Lesi sifo eRussia asifani nalokho okwakuboniswa e-US naseNtshonalanga Yurophu njengoba abantu behlaselwa. Kuvame ukubonisa izinkinga e-Asia Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho ukutheleleka kusakazeka khona emigwaqweni yokuhweba okubangelwa ukuhweba izidakamizwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe amaphesenti angama-40 azo zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo ziphakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa (ama-IDU), ngokulinganisa okubeka inani labo endaweni ethile phakathi kwabantu abayizigidi ezimbili nantathu (noma cishe amaphesenti amabili kuya kwangu-3 abantu baseRussia). Ngenxa yemithetho yaseRussia evimbela ukutholakala kwezinaliti nemivimbo, ukwabelana ngalezi zinto kubhekwa njengokuvamile.
Ukuqeda inkinga ukuthi, ngoba ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kujeziswa ngumthetho, abasebenzisi bavame ukungabaza ukufinyelela ohlelweni lwezempilo ngisho nokunakekelwa okuyinhloko. Zonke lezi zici zihlangene ziye zaholela ekutheni izinga lokutheleleka nge-HIV phakathi kwama-IDU cishe angaba ngu-4, amaphesenti angu-80 alabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30.
Inkinga ohlelweni lwejele ikholelwa ukuthi iphakeme nakakhulu, kokubili ngenxa yezilinganiso ezihlanganyelwe kanye nobulili obungenalo ikhanda phakathi kweziboshwa. Isimo sinzima ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabasebenzi bezocansi ezentengiselwano (CSWs) , ngokushayela ukushayela kokubili kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane ama-CSWs ukuze bahlolwe noma baphathwe.
Okwamanje, lesi sifo phakathi kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa (MSM) sibonisa ukuthi emazweni amaningi ngokuntuleka kwezinsizakalo zokuvimbela ukuhlinzeka ukutheleleka kulaba bantu abengozi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokutheleleka okusha phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa ocansini kubonakala sengathi lishiywa lingavunyelwe, naphezu kokwanda kwezinhlelo zokuvimbela i-MSM ezindaweni eziningi zasemadolobheni.
Okudabukisayo, ukutholakala kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) kulezi zihluthulelo eziqhubekayo kuqhubeka nokuhlala phansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhuphuka kwamanye amaqembu kanye nezifunda (kuhlanganisa i-Armenia, i-Azerbaijan, i-Belarus, i-Georgia, i-Kazakhstan, i-Kyrgyzstan, iLithuania, iMoldova, iRussia, ETajikistan, e-Ukraine nase-Uzbekistan).
Indlela Ezayo
Ngokungafani nezingxenye ezinzima kakhulu ze-Afrika, inani lezingculaza ezintsha ze-HIV eRussia liyaqhubeka nokukhuphula, ukuhlaziya izimo zomhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwe-ART nezinye izinhlelo zokuvimbela i-HIV, ikakhulukazi kubantu abathintekile abakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa, kuze kube yilapho uhulumeni waseRussia engaphansi kukaVladimir Putin ekhuluma ngezezimali zezokulingana, ukwehluleka kwempilo kwezemvelo, kanye nemithetho epholisa labo abane-HIV, umgwaqo ongaphambili ubukeka ngokugqamile.
Imithombo:
Uhlelo lweZizwe Ezihlangene ngeHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). " 2012 Umbiko we-UNAIDS World Day Day. " I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; ikhishwe ngoDisemba 1, 2012.
I-World Health Organization (WHO). "Umbiko Wokuqhubekayo 2011: Ukusabela kwe-HIV / AIDS emhlabeni jikelele ." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; ikhishwe ngoNovemba 30, 2011.
UNAIDS. " Umbiko we-Republic of Moldova Ukuqhubeka nge-HIV / AIDS ." Ikhishwe ngo-Disemba 1, 2014.